Fxn Neuro Lec 26 - Dorsal Thalamus I

Front 1

What are the rostral and caudal boundaries of the diencephalon?

Back 1

Rostral- plane through the interventricular foramen and optic chiasm. Caudal plane through posterior commissure and caudal border of mammillary bodies.

Front 2

What are the Medial and Lateral boundaries of the diencephalon?

Back 2

Medial- third ventricle. Lateral - internal capsule

Front 3

What devision of the diencephalon is located below the splenium of the corpus callosum?

Back 3

Epithalamus

Front 4

The stria medullaris thalami, habenular nuclei, pineal body and posterior commissure are a part of what structure?

Back 4

Epithalamus

Front 5

extends from the lamina terminalis to the caudal border of mammillary bodies?

Back 5

Hypothalamus

Front 6

Comprises most of the lateral wall of the 3rd ventricle above the hypothalamic sulcus?

Back 6

Thalamus (Dorsal Thalamus)

Front 7

Includes the subthalamic nucleus and zona incerta

Back 7

Subthalamus

Front 8

The thalamus receives all sensory systems that ascend to the cerebral cortex except?

Back 8

Olfaction

Front 9

Circuitry of the limbic system and the ascending reticular formation system extend here:

Back 9

Thalamus (Dorsal Thalamus)

Front 10

Which thalamic nuclei does not project to the cerebral cortex?

Back 10

Reticular

Front 11

The Anterior Nuclear group is made up of?

Back 11

Anterior Nucleus (A)

Front 12

The Medial Nuclear Group is made up of?

Back 12

Dorsal Medial Nucleus (DM)

Front 13

The Lateral Posterior Nucleus (LP) and Lateral Dorsal Nucleus (LD) make up the?

Back 13

Dorsal Tier

Front 14

The Ventral Tier is made up of?

Back 14

Ventral Anterior Nucleus (VA), Ventral Lateral Nucleus (VL) Ventral Posterior Nucleus (VP) (two parts to VP are Ventral Posterior Lateral nuc. VPL and Ventral Posterior Medial nuc VPM)

Front 15

The caudal intralaminar nuclei are the?

Back 15

Parafasicular Nucleus (PF) and the Centromedian Nucleus (CM)

Front 16

The Pulvinar (Pu), Lateral Geniculate body (LGB), and Medial Geniculate Body (MGB) make up the?

Back 16

Posterior Nuclear Group

Front 17

What is the pathway olfaction takes to the thalamus?

Back 17

CN I --> olfactory bulb --> olfactory cortex & amygdala --> Thalamus (DM)

Front 18

Some relay nuclei receive dense projections from well defined tracts and project where?

Back 18

to the appropriate cortical areas

Front 19

The subcortical nuclei consists of the reticular nucleus, which sends inhibitory projections where?

Back 19

Other thalamic nuclei (no axons to the cerebral cortex)

Front 20

Widespread reciprocal connections with mutiple cortical areas is a characteristic of what functional category of thalamic nuclei?

Back 20

Diffuse connection nuclei

Front 21

What are the afferent connections to the Anterior Nucleus?

Back 21

MTT (Mammillary Body) and Fornix (Hippocampal Formation)

Front 22

What is the efferent connection of the Anterior Nucleus?

Back 22

Cingulate Gyrus of Limbic Lobe

Front 23

What is the proposed function of the Anterior Nuclear Group (Anterior Nucleus)?

Back 23

Lymbic Pathways including emotions and autonomic relationship to behavior

Front 24

To what thalamic nuclei does the Basal Ganglia project?

Back 24

Ventral Anterior (VA) and Ventral Lateral (VLa) Nuclei

Front 25

What are the Afferent Connections to the Ventral Anterior Nuclei?

Back 25

Medial pallidal Segment; Substantia Nigra pars reticulata; Intralaminar Nuclei

Front 26

Basal Ganglia projections to the Ventral Anterior Nucleus relay and go to where? (efferent connections)

Back 26

Supplementary Motor Area (Medial Premotor Cortex)

Front 27

Efferent connections leaving the Ventral Anterior Nucleus from the intralaminar nuclei go to where?

Back 27

Diffuse projetions to the frontal lobe

Front 28

What is the function of diffuse projections leaving the Ventral Anterior Nucleus?

Back 28

Part of ARAS - Arousal

Front 29

What is the function of specific relay efferents leaving the Ventral Anterior Nucleus?

Back 29

Motor functions related to the basal ganglia

Front 30

The VLa receives mostly what type of input?

Back 30

Basal Ganglia input

Front 31

The VLp receives chiefly what type of input?

Back 31

Cerebellar input

Front 32

Afferent connections to the Dorsal Medial Thalamic Nuclei come from where?

Back 32

Amygdala & Olfactory Cortex; Substantia Nigra pars Reticulata

Front 33

Efferent connections leaving the Dorsal Medial Thalamic Nuclei project to where?

Back 33

Prefrontal Cortex; Frontal eye fields on the middle frontal gyrus

Front 34

Specific relay functions of the Dorsal Medial Thalamic Nuclei include what?

Back 34

Olfactory processing; Emotion, memory, pain, stress (Amygdala); Motor functions (Basal Ganglia)

Front 35

Ventral Lateral (VLa) afferent connections come from where?

Back 35

Basal Ganglia (MPS & SNr)

Front 36

Ventral Lateral (VLp) afferent connections come from where?

Back 36

Cerebellum (Contralateral Deep Cerebellar Nuclei)

Front 37

Efferent connections leaving the VLa extend to where?

Back 37

Supplementary Motor Area (Medial Premotor Cortex)

Front 38

Efferent connections leaving the VLp extend to where?

Back 38

Lateral Premotor Cortex; Primary Motor Cortex

Front 39

What is the function of the VLa?

Back 39

Specific relay for motor functions related to basal ganglia

Front 40

What is the function of VLp?

Back 40

Specific Relay for Motor Functions related to the cerebellum

Front 41

The main input to the Lateral geniculate nucleus is the?

Back 41

Retina

Front 42

Neurons in the lateral geniculate body are part of what reflex?

Back 42

Light reflex

Front 43

How many nuclei are visible in the rostral thalamus?

Back 43

Two

Front 44

The Ventral Anterior Nucleus (VA) has what type of appearance?

Back 44

Checkerboard, due to myelinated fiber bundles

Front 45

What two nuclei are separated by the IML in the rostral thalamus?

Back 45

Anterior thalamic nucleus (A) and Ventral anterior nucleus (VA)

Front 46

A thick myelinated fiber bundle ventral to the medial segment of the globus pallidus?

Back 46

Ansa Lenticularis

Front 47

Divides the hypothalamus into medial and lateral portions

Back 47

Column of the fornix

Front 48

This is a tract passing through the ventral anterior nucleus (VA):

Back 48

Mammilothalamic tract (MTT)

Front 49

In a coronal section of the rostral/central thalamus, how many nuclei are there if you don't see the beach ball? Name them.

Back 49

Three. Dorsomedial nucleus (DM); Ventral lateral nucleus (VL); Anterior nucleus (A) or the Lateral dorsal nucleus (LD)

Front 50

What looks like a beach ball in the central thalamus?

Back 50

The Centromedian Nucleus (CM)

Front 51

What is the light staining zone ventral to the thalamic fasciculus?

Back 51

Zona Incerta

Front 52

What is the fiber bundle following the ventral border of the thalamus?

Back 52

Thalamic Fasciculus

Front 53

What is the lens-shaped nucleus ventral to the lenticular fasciculus?

Back 53

Subthalamic nucleus

Front 54

What is the band of fibers ventral to the zona incerta?

Back 54

Lenticular Fasciculus

Front 55

What is the band of myelinated fibers that cap the lateral thalamic nuclei?

Back 55

External medullary lamina (EML)