Fxn Neuro Lec 25 - Cerebellum

Front 1

The cerebellum influences these motor activities:

Back 1

a. Planning and coordinating movements, b. maintaining posture and balance, c. controlling eye movements

Front 2

Divisible into a midline vermis flanked by two cerebellar hemispheres

Back 2

Cerebellar Cortex

Front 3

The three histological layers of the Cerebellum?

Back 3

Granule, Purkinje and molecular

Front 4

White matter consisting of afferents to and efferents from the cerebellar cortex:

Back 4

Medullary Substance

Front 5

Most fibers leaving the cerebellar cortex terminate here

Back 5

Intrinsic Nuclei

Front 6

List the peduncle associated with each level of the brain stem: Medulla, pons and midbrain

Back 6

ICP, MCP, SCP

Front 7

Separates the posterior lobe from the flocculonodular lobe (or vestibulocerebellum)

Back 7

Posterolateral Fissure

Front 8

Separates the anterior and posterior lobes

Back 8

Primary fissure

Front 9

Consists of the vermis (nodulus) and the portions of the cerebellar hemisphere continuous with it (flocculi)

Back 9

Flocculonondular Lobe

Front 10

Consists of the flocculonodular lobe

Back 10

Vestibulocerebellum

Front 11

Consists of the vermis and paravermal zones of the cerebellar hemispheres

Back 11

Spinocerebellum

Front 12

Consists of the lateral zones of the cerebellar hemisphere

Back 12

Pontocerebellum

Front 13

Lower limbs are represented where?

Back 13

rostrally in the anterior lobe

Front 14

Upper limbs and face are represented where?

Back 14

Caudal in the posterior lobe

Front 15

Axial and proximal muscles are represented where?

Back 15

Medially in vermis of the spinocerebellum

Front 16

Distal limbs are represented where?

Back 16

In the paravermis of the spinocerebellum and pontocerebellum

Front 17

Head and neck muscles are represented where?

Back 17

in the vermis region of the spinocerebellum

Front 18

Afferent connections to the Vestibulocerebellum are primary, secondary or both? Ipsilateral or Contralateral?

Back 18

Both - from vestibular nerve and vestibular nucli. Both are Ipsilateral.

Front 19

An uncrossed tract containing information from individual muscles of the lower limb.

Back 19

Posterior Spinocerebellar Tract (PSCT)

Front 20

Originates in the cuneate nucleus of the medulla and is the upper limb equivalent of the PSCT

Back 20

Cuneocerebellar Tract (CCT)

Front 21

Is a double crossed tract

Back 21

Anterior Spinocerebellar Tract (ASCT)

Front 22

The ASCT carries this information?

Back 22

Ipsilateral whole limb Golgi tendon information from lower limb and motor feedback

Front 23

Where do the PSCT, CCT, and ASCT terminate?

Back 23

Spinocerebellum

Front 24

Does the Cerebellum receive information from the reticular formation?

Back 24

Yes, Spino-Reticulo-Cerebellar Pathway. Ipsilateral.

Front 25

Which sensory trigeminal nuclei project to the cerebellum, and what information does it (they) carry?

Back 25

Spinal V Nucleus (Pain thermal light touch), Principal Sensory Nuc of V (pressure and vibration), Mesencephalic Nuc of V (Jaw Jerk reflex)

Front 26

Serves as a relay by which the ipsilateral cerebral cortex communicates with the contralateral pontocerebellum

Back 26

Pontine nuclei

Front 27

Climbing fibers, which terminate on Purkinje cells arise from where?

Back 27

Inferior Olivary Complex (IOC)

Front 28

Olivocerebellar fibers carry what 3 kinds of information?

Back 28

1. Vestibular information 2. Motor feedback from spinal cord, 3. input from various motor areas in the frontal lobe.

Front 29

Mossy fibers and Climbing fibers are afferent or efferent neurons?

Back 29

Afferent

Front 30

Thise fibers form excitatory synapses on granule cells

Back 30

Mossy Fibers

Front 31

These form excitatory synapses with neurons of deep cerebellar nuclei

Back 31

Collateral from mossy and climbing fibers

Front 32

Comprise all afferent fibers to the cerebellar cortex except olivocerebellar fibers

Back 32

Mossy fibers

Front 33

Their axons ascend to the molecular layer and bifurcate to form parallel fibers

Back 33

Granule Cells

Front 34

Granule cells synapse with Golgi cells, outer stellate cells and basket cells. These three cell types are?

Back 34

Inhibitory interneurons

Front 35

Is the basic synaptic structure of the granule cell layer.

Back 35

The Cerebellar or Synaptic Glomerulus.

Front 36

The cerebellar synaptic glomerulus consists of?

Back 36

Granule cell dendrites, a mossy fiber axon terminal, a golgi cell axon terminal.

Front 37

These make inhibitory synapses on granule cell dendrites

Back 37

Golgi cell axons

Front 38

Their axons are the only output of the cerebellar cortex

Back 38

Purkinje cells

Front 39

Purkinje cells use this neurotransmitter. Is it excitatory or inhibitory?

Back 39

GABA. Inhibitory.

Front 40

Contains two interneurons and extensive synapses

Back 40

Molecular cell layer

Front 41

How many climbing fibers are there per Purkinje cell?

Back 41

One

Front 42

Provide powerful inhibition to the Purkinje cell somata, and are excited by parallel fibers

Back 42

Basket Cells

Front 43

Mossy Fiber stimulation of Purkinje cells is direct or indirect?

Back 43

Indirect, via parallel fibers of granule cells

Front 44

Purkinje cells can process large amounts of information from various sources for moment to moment. T/F

Back 44

TRUE

Front 45

Climbing Fibers stimulate Purkinje fibers directly or indirectly?

Back 45

Directly

Front 46

Is the Cerebellum considered motor or sensory? (from a developmental stance)

Back 46

Sensory

Front 47

Is the Spino-Reticulo-Cerebellar Pathway crossed or uncrossed?

Back 47

Uncrossed (ipsilateral)

Front 48

Trigeminocerebellar fibers are crossed or uncrossed?

Back 48

Uncrossed (ipsilateral)

Front 49

Which afferent fibers are attention deficit disorder? (the retarded ones)

Back 49

ASCT

Front 50

Which has a larger effect on a few Purkinje cells, Mossy or Climbing fibers?

Back 50

Climbing fibers

Front 51

List the deep cerebellar nuclei from medial to lateral:

Back 51

Fastigial, Globose, Emboliform, Dentate (Fat guys eat donuts)

Front 52

What are the inputs to deep cerebellar nuclei?

Back 52

Mossy and climbing fibers (excitatory) and Purkinje cells (inhibitory)

Front 53

The Vestibulocerebellum is afferent or efferent?

Back 53

Efferent

Front 54

Are possibly involved in motor learning

Back 54

Climbing Fibers (and timing and synchronization)

Front 55

This cerebellar area influences the action of the vestibulospinal tracts for righting reflex and to stabilize the head/neck for eye movements associated with gaze

Back 55

vestibulocerebellum

Front 56

Relays information bilaterally via the ICP to vestibular nuclei and reticular formation

Back 56

Fastigial nucleus

Front 57

Influences activity in the vestibulospinal and reticulospinal tracts (medial descending pathways) to maintain posture and stabilize equilibrium

Back 57

Vermal Pathway of Spinocerebellum

Front 58

Generates motor patterns of walking

Back 58

Vermal Pathway of Spinocerebellum

Front 59

Fibers terminate contralaterally in the red nucleus and a thalamic nucleus projecting to motor cortex

Back 59

Paravermal Pathway and Pontocerebellum

Front 60

The Paravermal pathway activates the lateral descending system (rubrospinal and corticospinal tracts) which do what?

Back 60

Control fine, fractionated movements of distal musculature

Front 61

Does the paravermal spinocerebellum influence movement on the ipsilateral or contralateral side?

Back 61

Ipsilateral

Front 62

Neurons from this nucleus project to the contralateral red nucleus and the contralateral thalamus?

Back 62

Dentate nucleus

Front 63

What influences the planning of complex movements on the ipsilateral side?

Back 63

Pontocerebellum

Front 64

Which efferent connection of the cerebellar cortex leaves by the MCP?

Back 64

None do

Front 65

Which efferent connection of the cerebellar cortex leaves by the ICP?

Back 65

Vestibulospinal tracts, Medial descending systems (vestibulospinal and reticulospinal tracts)

Front 66

Which efferent connection of the cerebellar cortex leaves by the SCP?

Back 66

Lateral descending systems (rubrospinal and corticospinal tracts) from Paravermis and Pontocerebellum

Front 67

Medulloblastoma, a brain tumor usually seen in children or in alcoholics, can cause damage to what region? What are the symptoms?

Back 67

Vestibulocerebellum (nodulus) Symptoms are ataxic gait, head tremor, nystagmus

Front 68

Can cerebellar damage cause speech disturbances?

Back 68

Yes, dysarthria and scanning speech

Front 69

Vestibulocerebellar fibers enter the cerebellum as climbing or mossy fibers?

Back 69

Mossy Fibers

Front 70

Cuneocerebellar fibers enter the cerebellum as climbing or mossy fibers?

Back 70

Mossy Fibers

Front 71

Olivocerebellar fibers enter the cerebellum as climbing or mossy fibers?

Back 71

Climbing fibers

Front 72

The accessory cuneate nucleus sends (crossed/ uncrossed) cuneocerebellar fibers to the spinocerebellum via the ICP, MCP, or SCP?

Back 72

uncrossed, ICP

Front 73

Pontocerebellar fibers enter the cerebellum and synapse directly on granule cells or Purkinje cells or both?

Back 73

Granule Cells

Front 74

What fiber systems terminate in the cerebellum as mossy fibers?

Back 74

All fiber tracts entering the cerebellum except Climbing Fibers

Front 75

Where in the cerebellum do mossy fibers project besides the granule cells of the cerebellar cortex?

Back 75

The deep cerebellar nuclei

Front 76

The axons of what cells inhibit granule cells?

Back 76

Golgi cell axons

Front 77

What two fiber systems form excitatory synapses on Purkinje cell dendrites?

Back 77

Climbing fibers and parallel fibers

Front 78

What cell type inhibits Purkinje cell dendrites?

Back 78

Outer stellate cells

Front 79

What cell type inhibits Purkinje cell somata?

Back 79

Basket Cells

Front 80

What neurotransmitter do Purkinje cells utilize?

Back 80

GABA

Front 81

Do the Purkinje cells directly project axons to any other CNS location besides the deep cerebellar nuclei?

Back 81

Vestibular nuclei