Fw Vocab

Front 1

Belief

Back 1

One’s perception of reality, fact, or what is true. Our personal understanding of the way things are.

Front 2

Value

Back 2

An enduring standard or ideal. Our personal understanding of the way things should be.

Front 3

Attitude

Back 3

(Value+Belief=attitude) A mental process combining beliefs and values.

Front 4

Naturalistic

Back 4

Primary concern for wildlife and the outdoors

Front 5

ecologistic

Back 5

primary concern for the environment as a system, and for interrelationships between species and natural habitats

Front 6

moralistic

Back 6

primary concern for the right or wrong treatment of animals, with a strong opposition toward animal cruelty and exploiation

Front 7

humanistic

Back 7

primary interest in individual animals, specifically pets

Front 8

scientific

Back 8

primary interest in the physical attributes of an organism, and the biological functioning of the animals

Front 9

Aesthetic

Back 9

primary concern for the symbolic and artistic characteristics of animals

Front 10

Aldo Leopold Philosophy

Back 10

Land ethic permits and encourages active intervention like hunting and trapping to manage systems, prevent problems, and maintain ecosystem integrity.
(ecologistic)

Front 11

Animal Rights Philosophy

Back 11

Integrity of ecosystems, communities, and populations is secondary to the primary rights of the individual animals. (humanistic)

Front 12

The Romantic-Transcendental Preservation Ethic

Back 12

Views natural resources as expressions of God’s devine power, and condemned the exploitation of resources for profit.

Front 13

The Progressive-Utilitarian Resource Conservation Ethic

Back 13

Supports the use of natural resources for “the greatest good of the greatest number for the longest time”.
(Gifford Pinchot)

Front 14

The Evolutionary-Ecological Land Ethic

Back 14

Natural resources are an integrated system of complex processes

Front 15

nuisance wildlife

Back 15

an animal or population of animals that is destructive or menacing

Front 16

overabundant wildlife

Back 16

a population in which the number of individuals is at a point where ecological and/or economic damage is occurring

Front 17

who pays the most for wildlife conservation in Oregon?

Back 17

hunters and anglers

Front 18

Option value

Back 18

value of ensuring that a wildlife resource is
available for some other use in the future

Front 19

Existence value:

Back 19

value of knowing that something exists whether or not you will ever visit that thing (e.g., valuing the existence of the Serengeti whether or not you will there)

Front 20

Inherent or intrinsic value:

Back 20

value of something based on its fundamental being (not an anthropocentric value based on what we might think something is worth to us)

Front 21

Indirect expenditures

Back 21

Spending of money on items that cannot be tied directly to a fishing, hunting, or other wildlife-based activities

Front 22

Willingness to pay

Back 22

how much a person is willing to spend on an environmental good

Front 23

Opportunity cost

Back 23

the value someone gives up when choosing to do something else

Front 24

Travel cost method

Back 24

the value a person will spend traveling to a location for an activity

Front 25

Ecology

Back 25

The Scientific study of the interactions
that determine the distribution and abundance of
organisms. (Krebs 1972)

Front 26

levels of ecological organization

Back 26

1.) individual
2.) population
3.) community
4.) ecosystem

Front 27

Emergent properties

Back 27

each level above individual possesses properties that cannot be deduced from the lower scale

Front 28

Biological Species Concept (BSC)

Back 28

a group of interbreeding individuals that are reproductively isolated from other such groups

Front 29

Phylogenetic Species Concept (PSC)

Back 29

the smallest group of individuals in which there is a pattern of ancestry and descent

Front 30

Niche

Back 30

the place of an organism in the ecosystem; its role or function in the environment

Front 31

population growth

Back 31

birth an immigration

Front 32

population shrink

Back 32

death and emigration

Front 33

genetic drift

Back 33

change in allelic frequency due to sampling error

Front 34

founder effect

Back 34

loss of genetic variation when a new colony is established by a small number of individuals from a larger population

Front 35

inbreeding

Back 35

breeding between close relatives. if repeated, can lead to a reduction in genetic diversity

Front 36

hybridization

Back 36

process of combining different populations, breeds, or species of organisms to create a hybrid.

Front 37

natural selection

Back 37

tendency of alleles to become more or less widespread in a population overtime due to alleles' effects on adaptive and reproductive success.

Front 38

parapatric

Back 38

breeding ranges that are next to each other but do not overlap

Front 39

sympatric

Back 39

overlapping breeding ranges, but no breeding due to some reproductive isolation mechanism

Front 40

predation

Back 40

the consumption of all or part of a living organism by another

Front 41

competition

Back 41

when two or more species attempt to exploit a limited resource

Front 42

competitive exclusion principle

Back 42

no two species can occupy the exact same niche at the exact same time

Front 43

scramble competition

Back 43

each individual uses resources without regard to other individuals. most common in invertebrates.

Front 44

interference competition

Back 44

individuals actively interfere with the access of others to a limited resource. winner takes all

Front 45

home range

Back 45

the area included in the daily, seasonal, or annual travels of an individual

Front 46

territory

Back 46

the defended part of the home range

Front 47

mutualism

Back 47

reciprocally positive interactions between two species

Front 48

keystone species

Back 48

a species whose function in the community is disproportionate to its abundance or size

Front 49

ecological dominants

Back 49

species that, because of their size or large densities have pronounced affects on the structure of communities

Front 50

trophic cascade

Back 50

change in community structure at the top or bottom trophic levels will spread throughout the food web