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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Fungi have a(n) _______ biomass and ________ species diversity.
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ENORMOUS
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Fungi obtain nutrients by being __________.
3 different types of lifestyles? |
Absorptive heterotrophs
Decomposers (saprobes), Parasites, Mutualistists |
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Hyphae?
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filamentous cell: absorb nutrients. non-motile – form fast-growing mass.
Hyphae are tubular cell walls surrounding the plasma membrane and cytoplasm of cells. |
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Mycelium?
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Interwoven mass of hyphae; hyphae network. Mycelium maximizes surface to volume ratio for efficient feeding.
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Fruiting body
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mushroom, toadstool. produces air dispersed spores
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Fungal cell walls are strengthened by ________? Definition?
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chitin - Nitrogen containing polysaccharide (found in insect exoskeletons)
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Two types of hyphae and what they do?
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Secrete hydrolytic enzymes EXOENZYMES – break down organic macromolecules to absorbable compounds
- Absorb digested compounds Pores in septa allow flow of: Cytoplasm, Mitochondria Ribosomes even nuclei! |
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Mushrooms & Mycelia are primarily ____ with only ______ phases
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Mushrooms & Mycelia: primarily haploid, with only brief diploid phases
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n + n unfused nuclei stage of fungi reproduction?
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heterokaryotic stage; parts of fused mycelium containing coexisting genetically different nuclei
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plasmogamy?
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Union of two parent mycelia; a form of crossing-over; haploid nuclei from each parent dont fuse right away;
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karyogamy
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fusion of haploid nuclei of two parent cells; only diploid stage in most fungi; can have hours, days or centuries between heterokary and karyogamy stage
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_______ bring compatible hyphae together.
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pheromones; cause mycelium of two separate fungi to grow toward each other
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How do fungi reproduce asexually?
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Produces spores, which blow away and grow a clone somewhere else.
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How do fungi reproduce sexually?
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pheromone signaling --> fusion of haploid myclelia to form HETEROKARYOTIC stage --> Cells divide and heterokaryotic mycelium grows – but each cell has two haploid nuclei --> Karyogamy occurs – haploid nuclei in heterokaryotic mycelium FUSE to form diploid mycelium --> Diploid mycelium grows: produces fruiting body in which MEIOSIS occurs to produce haploid spores. Slides 16-19
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Heterokaryon only occurs in the_____ stage.
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sexual stage.
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Fungi have a _______ ancestor.
First known fossil fungi? |
-Unicellular flagellated protist.
-460mya; (molec clocks = 1bya) |
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Fungi share an evolutionary history with _______ because 85% contain _______.
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Plants
Mychorrhizae |
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Mychorrhize?
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Mutually beneficial relationships between fungi and plant roots.
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Haustoria?
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hyphae specialized to penetrate host tissue
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Fungal parasites of animals?
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-Thrush (sign of AIDS)
-Parasites of ants |
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-Fungi transport phosphate/ other minerals to plant roots that plant cannot absorb from soil. Improve water uptake
-Plant supplies organic nutrients. This is ? |
MYCORRRIZHAL FUNGI (FUNGI THAT FORM MYCORRIZHA)
Mycorrhizae often highly species-specific interactions |
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Two types of mycorrhizal fungi?
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Ectomycorrhizal fungi and Arbuscular (Endomychorrhizal) mycorrhizal fungi.
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Ectomycorrhizal fungi?
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Sheet over root surface. Grow in extracellular spaces of root.
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Endomychorrhizal) fungi
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Penetrate cells
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Mutualism between fungus and alga?
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Lichens
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Lichens?
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ALGA: photosynthesizes And provides fungus with food
FUNGUS: provides alga with shelter and protection from desiccation. |
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Leafcutter ants and fungus gardens equals?
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FUNGUS / ANIMAL MUTUALISM
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Human uses of fungi?
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Mushrooms as food
Penicillin, Cyclosporin as medicine Food prep in cheese, bread, and beer |
