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26 Cards in this Set

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5 necessary and sufficient characteristics of fungi

Absorptive heterotrophs


Hyphae


Cell wall of chitin


Zygotic life cycle


No flagella centrioles or cilia

Chytridiomycota

Flagellated spores


Disporic-haploid and diploid stages

Zygomycota

rhizopus nigrans forms mycelium of hyphae


Hyphae lack septa


Pilobolus hat throwing fungus

Glomeromycota

Asexual


Symbiotic w/plants


Mycorrhizae


Lack septae in hyphae


Monophyletic

Ascomycota

Cup fungi yeast morels truffles


Sexual hyphae fuse


Ascus club shaped reproductive structure

Basidiomycota

Gilles mushrooms, toadstools, puffballs, pores shelf fungi, smut, rusts, birds nest fungi


Sexual reproduction


Microscopic basidium-reproductive structure

Lichens

Symbiotic with fungi-mutualism


Asexual ascomyxotes


Sensitive to pollution

Mycorrhizae

Good fungi


Replace and aid root hairs


Penicillin

Body forms

Flat leafy and ?

How chlorophyta and plants are similar

Chlorophyll a and b


Cell wall of cellulose


Store carbs as starches

Necessary and sufficient characteristics of plants

Multicellular, eukaryotic, terrestrial


Cellulose cell wall, chlorophyll a and b, starch for storage


Heterotrophic alteration of generations


Phragmoplast forms during cell division


Retention of zygote in gametangium or archegonium

Advantages of moving to land

Increased sunlight


Increased CO2 and O2


Less herbivory


Higher nutrient concentration in substrate

Disadvantages of moving to land

Desiccation and support

Solutions to water limitation

Cell walls protected


Cuticle


Stomata


Xylem


Zygote retention


Seed

Hepatophyta

Liverworts


No xylem, phloem, leaves, stems, or roots


Gametophyte photosynthetic and dominate

Non vascular

Bryophyta

Mosses


Gametophyte dominate and photosynthetic


No xylem, phloem, leaves, roots, stems

Non vascular

Lycophyta

Stems, roots, microphyll leaves, gametophyte photosynthetic


Sporophyte dominate


Club mosses

Vascular

Pterophyta

Whisk ferns-Psilotum


Stems, no roots or leaves


Horsetails-Equisetum


Stems, roots, microphylls, silica in stem


Ferns


Stems, roots, webbed leaves


Gametophyte photosynthetic

Non seed

Cycadophyta

Ovule, pollen grain, heterosporous

Seed not in fruit

Cycadophyta

Ovule, pollen grain, heterosporous

Seed not in fruit

Ginkophyta

Ginko tree


Sperm not motile

Seed not in fruit

Cycadophyta

Ovule, pollen grain, heterosporous


Sporophyte photosynthetic

Seed not in fruit

Ginkophyta

Ginko tree


Sperm not motile


Sporophyte photosynthetic

Seed not in fruit

Coniferophyta

Pines, spruces, firs, junipers, yews


Needle like leaves


Male Gametophyte pollen


Female gametophyte of cells


Sporophyte photosynthetic

Seed not in fruit

Anthophyta

Heterosporous


Double fertilization


Tube nucleus


Germinates on stigma


Monocotyledonae


Dicotyledonae

Double fertilization

Sperm fertilized eggs and created embryo


2 polar nuclei to create endosperm- 90% of human diet