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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Fungi positives
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Valuable decomposers
Make bread, beer, wine with help of yeast fungi Antibiotics Organ transplants made possible by fungal molecules that suppress immune system |
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Fungi negatives
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Attack crop plants, farm animals, and humans with costly results
Attack stored food, lumber, clothing |
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Characteristics of True Fungi
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Eukaryotes
Chemoheterotrophs Chitinous cell wall Reproduction via spores |
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Fungal body
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thallus, unique type mycelium, composed of hyphae
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Fungi vs Bacteria
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-Slower reproductive rate
-Fungal hyphae grow quickly into new territory; can rapidly move nutrients from buried feeding hyphae to aerial hyphae -Growth of fungal mycelium is indeterminate -secrete antibiotics |
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Bacteria vs Fungi
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-Reproduce quickly
-Slow to reach new food source after food is exhausted in immediate vicinity -Forms small colony; colony usually remains small |
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Symbiotic relationships
Mutualism |
both partners benefit
-Lichens -Mycorrhizae |
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Symbiotic relationships
Parasitism |
fungus benefits and host is harmed
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Symbiotic relationships
Decomposers |
Recycle chemical elements by breaking down organic molecules
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Symbiotic relationships
Opportunists |
Exploit temporary opportunities such as a fallen fruit
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Dikaryomycetes
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-Higher fungi
-95% of named fungal species |
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Coenomycetes
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-Lower fungi
-5% of named fungal species |
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Phylum Ascomycota
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-At least 58 genera have members that cause disease
-Athlete’s foot, jock itch, ringworm -Production of food and beverages |
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Pneumocystis carinii
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Fatal pneumonia in AIDS patients
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Candida albicans
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common yeast found in mouth and vagina
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Saccharomyces cerevisiae
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Used in baking and brewing
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Lichens
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Symbiotic relationship between ascomycete and algae
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Phylum Basidiomycota
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-Fruiting body
-Bracket or shelf fungi -Puffballs |
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Red algae
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- Almost exclusively marine, warm water
Pigments - Chlorophyll a and phycobilins Cell wall - Cellulose and sometimes agar or carrageenan Food storage molecule - Floridean starch Seaweed |
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Brown algae
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Marine; cool, shallow water
Pigments -Chlorophylls a and c, fucoxanthin Food storage molecule - Mannitol Cell wall - Cellulose and alginates kelp |
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Algal Reproduction
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Asexual reproduction occurs more often than sexual reproduction
-Cell division (single-celled algae) -Fragmentation (filamentous algae) -Formation, liberation, germination of motile or nonmotile spores produced in sporangia |
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Algea life cycles
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Zygotic
-Only diploid phase of life cycle is single-celled zygote Gametic -Only haploid phase of life cycle is single-celled gamete Sporic -Multicellular gametophytes and sporophytes |
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Phytoplankton
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Produce about four times the amount of photosynthate that is produced by the Earth’s croplands each year
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Ecological and Economic Importance of Algae
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Medicine, food, and fertilizer
-iodine -Japanese diet -Carrageenan -thickener |