Fungi

Front 1

eukaryotic or prokaryotic?
autotroph or heterotroph?
chitin or cellulose?

Back 1

eukaryotic, heterotroph, chitin

Front 2

how do fungi digest their food?

Back 2

outside of their bodies, then absorb it

Front 3

except for yeast, all fungi are ____

Back 3

multicellular

Front 4

what is hypha?

Back 4

thin filaments, only one cell thick

Front 5

mycelium

Back 5

many hyphae tangled together into a thick mass

Front 6

why is the mycelium well suited to adsorb food?

Back 6

it permits a large surface area to come in contact with the food source through which it grows

Front 7

fruiting body

Back 7

a reproductive structure growing from the mycelium in the soil beneath it

Front 8

why are "fairy rings" produced?

Back 8

spores are released in a circular shape

Front 9

asexual reproduction is done by what

Back 9

spores

Front 10

spores are capable of growing into a new organism by ___ alone

Back 10

mitosis

Front 11

in some spores, produced in ____ which are found at the tips of specialized hyphae called _______.

Back 11

sporangia; sporangiophores

Front 12

a process of asexual reproduction is when

Back 12

a cell or hyphae breaks off from a fungus and begin to grow on their own

Front 13

how are the two dif. mating types referred to?

Back 13

+ and -

Front 14

why are the two different mating types referred to in this way?

Back 14

because gametes of both mating types are about the same size

Front 15

in sexual reproduction, what do hyphae of opposite mating types do when they meet?

Back 15

they start the process of sexual reproduction by fusing

Front 16

fusing

Back 16

bringing + and - nuclei together in the same cell

Front 17

mold can grow with the right combination of ___ and ___

Back 17

moisture and food

Front 18

T/F: temperature is not a condition that is important for the growth of mold

Back 18

false

Front 19

list two things that help mold spores travel

Back 19

wind and animals

Front 20

how are fungi classified?

Back 20

according to their structure and method of reproduction

Front 21

phylum of common molds

Back 21

zygomycota

Front 22

phylum of sac fungi

Back 22

ascomycota

Front 23

phylum of club fungi

Back 23

basidiomycota

Front 24

phylum of imperfect fungi

Back 24

deuteromycota

Front 25

common name for phylum zygomycota

Back 25

zygomycetes

Front 26

reason for name of phylum zygomycota

Back 26

zygospores

Front 27

zygospore

Back 27

a resting spore that contains zygotes formed during the sexual phase of the mold's life cycle

Front 28

most familiar zygomycete is the

Back 28

black bread mold

Front 29

scientific name for the black bread mold

Back 29

rhizopus stolonifer

Front 30

rhizoid

Back 30

a rootlike hyphae that penetrate the breads surface

Front 31

what 3 things do rhizoids do for mold?

Back 31

anchor the fungus to the bread, release digestive enzymes, absorb digested organic material

Front 32

stolon

Back 32

stemlike hypae that run along the surface of bread

Front 33

where are sporangiophores located?

Back 33

on rhizoids in asexual reproduction

Front 34

common molds: during asexual reproduction, haploid/ diploid spores are produced and form a _____, located at the tips of ______

Back 34

sporangium, sporangiophore

Front 35

common molds: during sexual reproduction, hyphae from two different mating types form _______. _____ occurs and a haploid/diploid zygospore is produced. it may remain dormant but when conditions become favorable,____ occurs, and a sporangium is produced, which releases haploid/diploid ____.

Back 35

gametangia, fertilization, zygospore, meiosis, sporangium, spores

Front 36

common name for the phylum ascomycota

Back 36

sac fungi

Front 37

sac fungi is known as

Back 37

ascomycetes

Front 38

ascus

Back 38

a reproductive structure that contains spores

Front 39

T/F: the life cycle of the sac fungi only include sexual reproduction

Back 39

false

Front 40

sac fungi: during ____ reproduction, spores called ____ are formed at the tips of specialized hypahe called _______. These spores are haploid/diploid.

Back 40

asexual, conidia, conidiophoes

Front 41

sac fungi: during sexual reproduction, fusion of ____ from opposite mating strains produces a fruiting body called an _____. _____ produces a haploid/diploid zygote, which then undergoes ___. eventually, eight ______ are produced and released. if conditions are favorable, they can germinate and grow into ______

Back 41

hyphae, ascus, fertilization, meiosis, ascospores, mycelium

Front 42

Yeasts are uni/multi cellular fungi

Back 42

unicellular

Front 43

What two industries commercially use yeast?

Back 43

baking and brewing

Front 44

why are yeast classified as ascomycetes?

Back 44

they form asci with ascospores during the sexual phase

Front 45

budding

Back 45

asexual reproduction in which yeasts increase in number; process of attaching a bud to a plant and produde a new branch

Front 46

common name for phylum basidiomycota

Back 46

club fungi

Front 47

reason for common name of basidiomycota

Back 47

a specialized reproductive structure that resembles a club

Front 48

Where are basidia located?

Back 48

on the girlls that grow on the underside of mushroom caps

Front 49

club fungi: hyphae _____ and produce secondary mycelium. they grow and with the right combination and nutrients, a spore-producing ____ body may push above the ground. this spore-bearing structure is called the _______. the underside of the cap portion is composed of ____. these are lined with _____. ____ occurs and produces a haploid/diploid zygote. it undergoes _____ forming haploid/ diploid ________.

Back 49

fuse, fruiting, fruiting body, gills, basidia, fertilization, zygote, meiosis, basidiospores

Front 50

list five common basidiomycetes besides the mushroom

Back 50

shelf fungi, puffballs, earthstars, jelly fungi, plant parasites

Front 51

common name for phylum deuteromycota

Back 51

deuteromycetes

Front 52

deuteromycetes are known as the

Back 52

imperfect fungi

Front 53

Why are these fungi placed in the imperfect fungi?

Back 53

researchers have never been able to find a sexual phase

Front 54

most common species of imperfect fungi

Back 54

penicilliumnotatum

Front 55

why do scientists think fungi were essential to the evolution of plants

Back 55

they think they helped early plants obtain nutrients from the ground

Front 56

fungi can/cannot manufacture their own food

Back 56

cannot

Front 57

saprobes

Back 57

organisms that obtain food from decaying organic matter

Front 58

parasite

Back 58

harm other organisms while living on or in them

Front 59

symbionts

Back 59

live in close and mutually beneficial association with other species

Front 60

how do fungi help to maintain the equilibrium in ecosystems?

Back 60

they recycle nutrients by breaking down the bodies and wastes of other organisms

Front 61

parasitic fungi cause ___ and ___ diseases

Back 61

plant , animal

Front 62

What is thrush?

Back 62

a yeast that disrupts the equilibrium within the human body

Front 63

what happened when the fugus that causes athletes foot infects other areas of the body?

Back 63

it causes a ring worm

Front 64

lichens and mycorrhizae are both examples of what kind of symbiotic relationship?

Back 64

mutualistic associations

Front 65

lichens

Back 65

symbiotic relationship between a fungus and a photosynthetic organism

Front 66

where do lichens grow?

Back 66

dry, bare rocks in deserts or tops of mountains

Front 67

algae-lichen relationship

Back 67

algae provides energy, fungus provides water and minerals

Front 68

mycorrhizae

Back 68

associations of plant roots and fungi

Front 69

why is presense of mycorrhizae essential for the growth of many plants

Back 69

the hyphae in fungi and plants in absorbing water and mineral