• Shuffle
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Alphabetize
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Front First
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Both Sides
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Read
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
Reading...
Front

Card Range To Study

through

image

Play button

image

Play button

image

Progress

1/58

Click to flip

Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;

Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;

H to show hint;

A reads text to speech;

58 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Cryptococcosis characteristics:
encapsulated yeast that produces urease
Cryptococcosis aka:
Filobasidiella neoformans
Where is cryptococcus/filobasidiella neoformans found?
pigeon droppings
what does cryptococcus/filobasidiella neoformans cause?
pneumonia and meningitis
ID of organism:
encapsulate yeast with the enzyme urease (that breaks down urea)
The capsule of cryptococcus is
an antiphagocytic factor
cryptococcus virulence:
most virulent, causes over 25% of all fungal deaths
What is needed for recovery from cryptococcus?
functioning T cells are needed for recovery, so it is common to see in AIDS pts
2 morphologic forms of Dimorphic fungi
yeast in the tissue @37C and mold in the environment at cooler temps. this feature is called thermal dimorphism
Histoplasmosis characteristics
fungal disease; yeast @ body temp; mold in environment; no capsule
organism that causes histoplasmosis
histoplasma capsulatum- it normally lives in the soil;
histoplasmosis is
an infection of the lung that can spread to other organs
DX of histoplasmosis
by yeast in bronchoalveolar lavage macrophages and antigen detection in blood serum
histoplasmosis capsulatum does not have a
capsule
histoplasmosis is commonly seen where?
Ohio-Miss River valleys
where does histoplasmosis grow best
bird droppings- so are frequently acquired from chicken coops and from bat guano (feces in caves).
The practice of spraying old buildings as they are demolished is to
remove pigion droppings that are around the building to prevent histoplasmosis and cryptococcosis
Blastomycosis characteristics
fungal disease of resp tract; yeast @ body temp; mold in environment; acquired from rotting wood
blastomycosis is acquired from
rotting wood
organism of blastomycosis
blastomyces dermatidis
blastomyces dermatitis causes
pulmonary infections (blastomycosis) and can spread to other tissues
inhalation of blastomyces leads to
persistant cough and chest pain;
blastomyces also infect host via
cuts/abraisions to produce raised, wart like lesions usually seen on exposed skin areas
coccidioidomycosis characteristics
fungal disease of resp tract; yeast @ body temp; mold in environment; primarily seen in SW US
organism of coccidioidomycosis
coccidioides immitis from alkaline soils causes this disease in Sonoran climates (desert) mostly in SW US
In the San Joaquin Valley of Calif. coccidiodomycosis is aka
valley fever
coccidioidomycosis s/s
mostly pulmonary and meningeal, characterizied by chest pains, a dry hacking cough, and high fever
DX of coccidioidomycosis
these fungi form a large sack of spores called a spherule that is dx in sputum or tissue biopsies
aspergillosis characteristics
fungal disease of resp tract; fuzzy mold; septate hyphae
organism of aspergillosis
aspergillus fumigatus- recognized by septate hyphae
Aspergillosis is
a pneumonia of the lung however, otomycosis (fungal ear infxn) also occurs from growth in earwax
aspergillus invade
blood vessels in the immunocompromised
aspergillus are freqeuntly found in
body cavities, sometimes as fungal balls called aspergilloma
DX of aspergillosis
includes finding fungi in sputum from which fuzzy molds are cultured.
aspergillus flavus
grows on peanuts and most grains and produces aflatoxins
ingested aflatoxins
cause cancer, esp in liver where they are degraded
aflatoxin levels are monitored by
the FDA, and the grains can't be sold when they are too high
a related fungus to aspergillus is
claviceps purpurea
claviceps purpurea
produces the mycotoxin ergot, which causes hallucinations and other brain disturbances.
phycomycetes
genera mucor and Rhizopus
Phycomycetes genera Mucor and Rhizopus characteristics
fungal infxn of resp tract; molds; aseptate hyphae
phyco
mykes
phyco- seaweed appearance
mykes- fungus
Phycomycetes aka
zygomycetes because they reproduce sexually by the formation of zygotes (a fertilized egg cell)
phycomycetes are common in
the soil
members of the __________genus are associated with disease
Mucor and Rhizopus
the most prevalent disease caused by phycomycetes class of molds is
of the pulmonary system
phycomycetes also
like to grow on blood vessel walls and are a problem for diabetics d/t growing well under conditions of acidosis that accompany uncontrolled DM
phycomycetes produce
broad, aspetate hyphae (without cross walls) and culture as a fluffy mold
Pneumocystosis characteristics
fungal disease resp tract; mold tho some features like protozoans; biggest cause of death in pts with AIDS
organism of pneumocystosis
pneumocystis carinii
pneumocystis carinii are
regularly breathed into the lungs of people with no apparent effect.
pneumocystis carinii was est as a disease when
the AIDS epidemic occured,
P. carinii is
the most common secondary infection in AIDS pt and directly causes some 50%of all AIDS deaths
s/s of pneumocystosis
develop dry cough with symptoms of pneumonia
In pneumocystosis
T cells control the infection normally, but in the immunocompromised who lack functioing T cells are at high risk of reactivation of endogenous fungal cells
P. carinii is a
fungus based on its ribosomal RNA structure and several other features however some features resemble protozoans
P. carinii was classified as
a protozoan until 1999 when they changed it to fungi. this is an organism that seems to bridge 2 types of life forms
The most common port of entry for fungal disease is
the respiratory tract