Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Cryptococcosis characteristics:
|
encapsulated yeast that produces urease
|
|
Cryptococcosis aka:
|
Filobasidiella neoformans
|
|
Where is cryptococcus/filobasidiella neoformans found?
|
pigeon droppings
|
|
what does cryptococcus/filobasidiella neoformans cause?
|
pneumonia and meningitis
|
|
ID of organism:
|
encapsulate yeast with the enzyme urease (that breaks down urea)
|
|
The capsule of cryptococcus is
|
an antiphagocytic factor
|
|
cryptococcus virulence:
|
most virulent, causes over 25% of all fungal deaths
|
|
What is needed for recovery from cryptococcus?
|
functioning T cells are needed for recovery, so it is common to see in AIDS pts
|
|
2 morphologic forms of Dimorphic fungi
|
yeast in the tissue @37C and mold in the environment at cooler temps. this feature is called thermal dimorphism
|
|
Histoplasmosis characteristics
|
fungal disease; yeast @ body temp; mold in environment; no capsule
|
|
organism that causes histoplasmosis
|
histoplasma capsulatum- it normally lives in the soil;
|
|
histoplasmosis is
|
an infection of the lung that can spread to other organs
|
|
DX of histoplasmosis
|
by yeast in bronchoalveolar lavage macrophages and antigen detection in blood serum
|
|
histoplasmosis capsulatum does not have a
|
capsule
|
|
histoplasmosis is commonly seen where?
|
Ohio-Miss River valleys
|
|
where does histoplasmosis grow best
|
bird droppings- so are frequently acquired from chicken coops and from bat guano (feces in caves).
|
|
The practice of spraying old buildings as they are demolished is to
|
remove pigion droppings that are around the building to prevent histoplasmosis and cryptococcosis
|
|
Blastomycosis characteristics
|
fungal disease of resp tract; yeast @ body temp; mold in environment; acquired from rotting wood
|
|
blastomycosis is acquired from
|
rotting wood
|
|
organism of blastomycosis
|
blastomyces dermatidis
|
|
blastomyces dermatitis causes
|
pulmonary infections (blastomycosis) and can spread to other tissues
|
|
inhalation of blastomyces leads to
|
persistant cough and chest pain;
|
|
blastomyces also infect host via
|
cuts/abraisions to produce raised, wart like lesions usually seen on exposed skin areas
|
|
coccidioidomycosis characteristics
|
fungal disease of resp tract; yeast @ body temp; mold in environment; primarily seen in SW US
|
|
organism of coccidioidomycosis
|
coccidioides immitis from alkaline soils causes this disease in Sonoran climates (desert) mostly in SW US
|
|
In the San Joaquin Valley of Calif. coccidiodomycosis is aka
|
valley fever
|
|
coccidioidomycosis s/s
|
mostly pulmonary and meningeal, characterizied by chest pains, a dry hacking cough, and high fever
|
|
DX of coccidioidomycosis
|
these fungi form a large sack of spores called a spherule that is dx in sputum or tissue biopsies
|
|
aspergillosis characteristics
|
fungal disease of resp tract; fuzzy mold; septate hyphae
|
|
organism of aspergillosis
|
aspergillus fumigatus- recognized by septate hyphae
|
|
Aspergillosis is
|
a pneumonia of the lung however, otomycosis (fungal ear infxn) also occurs from growth in earwax
|
|
aspergillus invade
|
blood vessels in the immunocompromised
|
|
aspergillus are freqeuntly found in
|
body cavities, sometimes as fungal balls called aspergilloma
|
|
DX of aspergillosis
|
includes finding fungi in sputum from which fuzzy molds are cultured.
|
|
aspergillus flavus
|
grows on peanuts and most grains and produces aflatoxins
|
|
ingested aflatoxins
|
cause cancer, esp in liver where they are degraded
|
|
aflatoxin levels are monitored by
|
the FDA, and the grains can't be sold when they are too high
|
|
a related fungus to aspergillus is
|
claviceps purpurea
|
|
claviceps purpurea
|
produces the mycotoxin ergot, which causes hallucinations and other brain disturbances.
|
|
phycomycetes
|
genera mucor and Rhizopus
|
|
Phycomycetes genera Mucor and Rhizopus characteristics
|
fungal infxn of resp tract; molds; aseptate hyphae
|
|
phyco
mykes |
phyco- seaweed appearance
mykes- fungus |
|
Phycomycetes aka
|
zygomycetes because they reproduce sexually by the formation of zygotes (a fertilized egg cell)
|
|
phycomycetes are common in
|
the soil
|
|
members of the __________genus are associated with disease
|
Mucor and Rhizopus
|
|
the most prevalent disease caused by phycomycetes class of molds is
|
of the pulmonary system
|
|
phycomycetes also
|
like to grow on blood vessel walls and are a problem for diabetics d/t growing well under conditions of acidosis that accompany uncontrolled DM
|
|
phycomycetes produce
|
broad, aspetate hyphae (without cross walls) and culture as a fluffy mold
|
|
Pneumocystosis characteristics
|
fungal disease resp tract; mold tho some features like protozoans; biggest cause of death in pts with AIDS
|
|
organism of pneumocystosis
|
pneumocystis carinii
|
|
pneumocystis carinii are
|
regularly breathed into the lungs of people with no apparent effect.
|
|
pneumocystis carinii was est as a disease when
|
the AIDS epidemic occured,
|
|
P. carinii is
|
the most common secondary infection in AIDS pt and directly causes some 50%of all AIDS deaths
|
|
s/s of pneumocystosis
|
develop dry cough with symptoms of pneumonia
|
|
In pneumocystosis
|
T cells control the infection normally, but in the immunocompromised who lack functioing T cells are at high risk of reactivation of endogenous fungal cells
|
|
P. carinii is a
|
fungus based on its ribosomal RNA structure and several other features however some features resemble protozoans
|
|
P. carinii was classified as
|
a protozoan until 1999 when they changed it to fungi. this is an organism that seems to bridge 2 types of life forms
|
|
The most common port of entry for fungal disease is
|
the respiratory tract
|