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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Body fluids are what?
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Intracellular or extracellular
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Fluids lost from the body are about ___ for 24 hours?
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2500 ml
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Daily fluid intake must be ??? to maintain homeostasis?
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1500 ml
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What results in dehydration?
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Fluid volume deficit
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S/S of fluid volume excess:
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Weight gain edema elevated blood pressure slow bounding pulse crackles in the lungs
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What can cause edema?
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kidney failure heart failure liver failure hormonal disorders
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The body maintains a balance of what and what in each fluid compartment?
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anions and cations
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When you have a water imbalance, what do you also have?
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Sodium imbalance
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What is hyponatremia?
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Occurs with hypochloremia, It is a defecit of sodium in the blood - - less than 135 mEq/L
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What's the normal value for potassium?
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3-5 to 5.0 mEq/l
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What is necessary to maintain homeostasis in the body?
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Acid base balance
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What controls PH in body?
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blood buffer system-lungs=-kidney
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Acidosis does what to the nervous system?
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depresses the nervous system lethargy weakness confusion - can progress to coma
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What are the 2 types of alkalosis?
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Respiratory and metabolic
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What does alkalosis cause?
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Twitching irritability numbness of fingers, can progress to tetany seizures
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What should be checked in the elderly for dehydration?
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mucous membranes
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How do you check for dependent edema?
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Pressing a finger against a bony prominence
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What is dependent edema?
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Usually in feet or legs or back of bedfast patient
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What must you do for a patient with a fluid imbalance?
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Record I & O
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What's the normal range for PaCO2?
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35-45 mm HG
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What's a symptom of respiratory alkalosis?
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Hyperventilation
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What's symptoms of metabolic alkalosis?
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vomiting - excessive antacid intake hypokalemia
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Symptom of respiratory acidosis
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Respiratory congestion - slow shallow respirations
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Cause of metabolic acidosis
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Shock, diabetic ketoacidosis renal failure diarrhea
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How long does it take kidneys to stabilize PH within normal range?
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3 days
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For the serum PH to remain within the normal range, what must happen?
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Bicarbonate ion to carbonic acid must be 20 to 1
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The normal range of bicarbonate (HC03) is what?
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22 to 26 mEq/l
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What occurs in renal failure?
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Hyperphosphatemia (above 4.5 mg/DL)
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What is hypercalcemia
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Serum calcium above 10.6 mg/DL
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When do you have hyperkalemia?
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Serum potassium above 5.0 mEq/l
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Hypokalemia is below what?
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3.5 mEq/l
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Hypernatremia is what?
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Sodium above 145 mEq/L
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Symptom of fluid defecit in infant?
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Sunken eyeballs and depression of the anterior fontanel
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