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73 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What should a nurse do if they are unfamiliar with a medicine they are about to administer? |
Call the pharmacy |
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Protocol for storing narcotics? |
Double lock |
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Absorption |
Movement of a drug from the administration site into the blood stream |
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Distribution |
Transportation of a drug in the bloodstream to the various tissues and organs of the body |
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Metabolism |
Chemical inactivation of a drug through its conversion into a more water soluble compound or Into metabolites to be excreted from the body |
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Excretion |
Elimination of drugs and molecules from the body |
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What route should a med be administered to offer fastest results? |
Parenteral |
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Peak action |
When the concentration of a med is highest in the blood |
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Duration of action |
Period of time that the med has a pharmacologic effect before its metabolized and excreted |
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Onset of action |
Time needed for a drug concentration to reach a high enough blood level for its effects to appear |
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Half life |
Amount of time it takes for 1/2 of a drug to be eliminated |
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4am military time |
0400 |
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4pm military time |
1600 |
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Peak level |
A drug at its highest concentration
-done 15-30 min after administration |
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Trough level |
Drug at its lowest concentration
-done right before next dose |
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What does teratogenic mean? |
Known to cause developmental defects to embryo/fetus |
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Supportive effect of meds |
Support the integrity of the body functions until other meds or treatments can become effective
Ex) giving Tylenol to a patient until lab results are back to say what med will work best for the patients fever |
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Restorative effects of meds |
Return the body /maintain the body at optimal levels of health
Example) vitamins & minerals |
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Substitutive effects of meds |
Replace either body fluids or a chemical required by the body for improved functioning
Example) giving a diabetic insulin |
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Palliative effects of meds |
Relieve signs and symptoms of a disease but don't actually cute the disease
"Care & comfort" |
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Side effects |
-Unintended -Often predictable -Patient usually adapts |
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Adverse reactions |
-harmful -unintended -unpredictable -more severe than side effects and often require discontinuation of the drug |
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Toxic reactions |
-dangerous -effects organs & tissues -can cause permanent damage or death |
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What type of med reaction is it when a patient develops urticaria and pruritus 5 days after starting a med? |
Allergic reaction |
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Antagonistic drug interaction |
One drug interferes with the actions of another
-the combined effect is less than that of one drug given alone |
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Synergistic drug interaction |
The effect of both drugs together is greater than their individual effects |
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Idiosyncratic drug reaction |
An unexpected, abnormal, or strange response to a med
Example) agitation after being given a sedative |
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Drug incompatibility |
Occur when multiple drugs are mixed together which causes a chemical deterioration of one or both drugs |
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Drug abuse |
Inappropriate intake of a drug by amount, type, or situation continuously or periodically |
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Drug misuse |
Nonspecific, indiscriminate, or improper use of drugs
Example) using Tylenol wrong |
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Drug dependence |
A persons reliance on, or need for the drug |
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Drug tolerance |
A decreasing response to repeated doses of a med
-the person than requires more of the drug to achieve the desired effect |
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6 rights of med administration |
Right; Drug, patient, dose, time, route, & documentation |
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Therapeutic level for Digoxin |
0.2-1.8 mg/mL |
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Injection site for a 3 day old who is receiving the HepB vaccine? |
Vastus lateralis muscle |
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Why do alcoholics often have a diagnosis of hypomagnesemia? |
Poor nutritional intake |
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Why do you not want to restrict the fluid intake of a patient with hypernaturemia? |
Because the sodium level will rise even higher |
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What electrolyte is the primary regulator of fluid volume? |
Sodium |
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Hypovolemia |
Dehydration |
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Electrolyte |
Substances that develop an electrical charge when dissolved in water |
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Acid |
Any compound that contains hydrogen ions that can be released |
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Base |
Compound that combines with hydrogen ions in a solution |
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3 mechanisms involved in acid base regulation in the body |
Buffer system Respiratory system Renal system |
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What electrolyte imbalance is suspected when an electrocardiogram shows tall T waves? |
Potassium |
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What is the normal hourly urine output? |
30mL |
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Intracellular fluid |
Fluid within the cells |
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Extracellular fluid |
Fluid outside the cell |
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Interstitial fluid |
Fluid that lies in the space between body cells |
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Trans cellular fluid |
Specialized fluids that are contained in body spaces
Ex) synovial fluid |
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Intravascular fluid |
Is the Plasma within the blood |
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Cations |
Electrolytes that carry a positive charge -potassium -magnesium |
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Anions |
Electrolytes that carry a negative charge -sodium -chloride -bicarbonate |
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Osmosis |
Movement of water from low pressure to high pressure |
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Filtration |
Movement of both water and smaller particles from high pressure to low pressure |
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Cations |
Electrolytes that carry a positive charge -potassium -magnesium |
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Anions |
Electrolytes that carry a negative charge -sodium -chloride -bicarbonate |
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Osmosis |
Movement of water from low pressure to high pressure |
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Filtration |
Movement of both water and smaller particles from high pressure to low pressure |
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Hydrostatic pressure |
Force created by fluid within a closed system (high->low pressure) -responsible for blood circulation |
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Diffusion |
Passive process where molecules of a solvent move through a cell membrane from high to low pressure |
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Ranges for sodium |
135-145 mEq/L |
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Ranges for potassium |
3.5-5.0 mEq/L |
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Ranges for calcium |
8.5-10.5 mg/dL |
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Ranges for magnesium |
1.6-2.6 mEq/L |
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Ranges for chloride |
95-105 mEq/L |
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Ranges for BUN |
7-20 mg/dL |
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Hypervolemia |
Too much fluid in the body |
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Hematoma |
A localized mass of blood outside of the blood vessel |
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Infiltration |
The leaking of IV solution or meds into surrounding tissue |
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Extravasation |
Leaking of a solution that causes the formation of blisters and surrounding tissues, sloughing and necrosis may occur |
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Phlebitis |
Inflammation of the vein |
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How does the body regulate fluids? |
Fluid intake Fluid output Hormonal regulation |
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Nursing interventions for a patient going to dialysis |
Daily weight I&O |
