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36 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Primary care

Prenatal, counseling exercise

Secondary & tertiary

X rays emergency. Intensive care

Evidence based practice

Use if current best evidence along w clinical expertise. Pt preferences.

Perfusion

Pump oxygenated blood to tissues & return deoxygenated blood to the lungs

Diffusion

Exchange of gas

Work of breathing

Inspiration and expiration

Surfactant

Chemical produced in the lungs to maintain the surface tension of the alveoli

Atelectasis

Collapse of the alveoli. Prevents normal exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide

Lung volumes

Title residual forced vital capacity spirometry

The thickness of the alveolar capillaries

Membrane affect the rate of diffusion. Hemoglobin carries oxygen and carbon dioxide

Neural regulation

Central nervous system controls the respiratory rate and Rhythm. Cerebral cortex regulates the voluntary control of respiration

Chemical regulation

Maintains the rate and depth of respirations based on changes and the blood concentrations of CO2 and O2 and in hydrogen ion concentration. Chemoreceptors sense changes in their chemical content and stimulate neural Regulators to adjust.

Cardio pulmonary physiology

involves delivery of deoxygenated blood to the right side of the heart and then to the lungs where it is oxygenated

Oxygenated blood

Travels from the lungs to the left side of the heart and the tissues

S1

Mitral and tricuspid close

S2

Aortic and pulmonic close

Cardiac output

Stroke volume x heart rate

Autonomic nervous system

Influences the rate of impulse generation and the speed of conduction pathways

Conduction system

Originates with the SA node or Pacemaker and is transmitted to the AV node bundle of his and purkinje fibers

Factors affecting oxygenation

Decreased oxygen carrying capacity. Decreased inspired oxygen concentration. Increased metabolic rate. Hypovolemia

Conditions affecting chest wall movement

Pregnancy obesity neuromuscular disease musculoskeletal abnormalities trauma CNS alterations

Hypoxia

Inadequate tissue oxygenation at the cellular level main sign is restlessness

Disturbances in conduction

Caused by electrical impulses that do not regenerate from the SA node. dysrhythmias

Altered cardiac output

Insufficient volume is injected into the systemic and pulmonary circulation. The result of left-sided or right sided heart failure

Impaired valvular function

Acquired or congenital disorder of a cardiac valve by stenosis regurgitation

Myocardial ischemia

Coronary artery Flow To The myocardium insufficient to meet myocardial oxygen demand. Results in angina, MI

Assessment

Past impairments and circulatory respiratory functioning. In-depth history of patients normal and present cardio pulmonary function. Methods that a patient uses to optimize oxygenation. Review of drug food and other allergies. Physical exam. Labs.

Order

Inspection. Auscultation. Percussion. Palpation

Airway management

Cough every 2 hours. Change positions. Emulate. Encourage the setup. Encouraged to increase fluids. Avoid caffeinated beverages.

Oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal suctioning

When patient can cough but is not able to clear secretions

Orotracheal and nasal tracheal

When patient is unable to manage secretions

Tracheal

Used with artificial Airway

Oral Airways

Prevents obstruction of the trachea by displacement of the tongue into the oropharynx

Endotracheal and trachea Airways

Short-term use to ventilate

Qam

Every am

Pc

After meals