Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
How much volume should a pt have per hour?
|
30cc/hour
|
|
|
What should the clarity be for normal urine?
|
transparent
|
|
|
What should the color be for normal urine?
|
light yellow to amber
|
|
|
What should be a normal odor for urine?
|
aromatic
|
|
|
When someone voids what is the typically amount?
|
250-400ml
|
|
|
Normally how much urine is left in the bladder after voiding?
|
5cc
|
|
|
What does prerenal conditions mean?
|
these are factors that effect the kidneys from above.
examples: -dehydration -burns -shock -sepsis -HF -MI |
|
|
What does intrarenal conditions mean?
|
factors that effect directly to the kidneys.
|
|
|
What does postrenal conditions mean?
|
factors that effect kidneys near or below the kidneys. (example: obstruction)
|
|
|
What are some reasons how we affect urinary elimination with surgery?
|
-NPO
-trauma to tissue -anesthesia -narcotics -positioning limitations |
|
|
EBL
|
estimated blood loss
|
|
|
dysuria
|
painful voiding
|
|
|
polyuria
|
excessive amounts of urine (without change in intake)
|
|
|
How much is polyuria?
|
greater than 2500-3000cc in 24 hours (125cc/hour)
|
|
|
oliguria
|
decreased amounts of urine
|
|
|
How much is oliguria?
|
less than 500cc/24hours (or)
20cc/hour |
|
|
urgency
|
person voids more frequently without increased intake
|
|
|
frequency
|
voiding more than normal without increase intake
|
|
|
When frequency occurs the patient usually voids less than _______?
|
250cc
|
|
|
nocturia
|
voiding during normal sleeping hours
|
|
|
hematuria
|
blood in urine
|
|
|
pyuria
|
pus in urine (UTI for long period)
|
|
|
urinary retention
|
inability to empty bladder (typically seen in BPH)
|
|
|
What is stress incontinence?
|
small amounts leak with increase intraabdominal pressure (coughing, laughing, lifting)
|
|
|
What is urinary incontinence?
|
involuntary loss of urine
|
|
|
What is urge incontinence?
|
involuntary loss or urine after a strong feeling of the need to urinate (typically after being having a catheter)
|
|
|
What is reflex incontinence?
|
involuntary loss of urine when a specific bladder volume is reached (typically neurologic impairment)
|
|
|
What is functional incontinence?
|
inability to unwillingness of person with normal bladder control to reach bathroom prior to voiding (due to confusion, sedatives, impaired gait)
|
|
|
What is total incontinence?
|
continuous, involuntary, unpredictable loss of urine from a nondistended bladder
|
|
|
What are the symptoms of UTI?
|
-dysuria
-n/v -cystitis -hematuria -bacteriuria -pyleonephritis (flank pain) |
|
|
What is a bladder ultrasound?
|
portable US device measures urine volume using a probe that is attached to a screen capable of visualizing bladder.
|
|
|
What is the specific gravity for urine?
|
weight or concentration of urine as compared to H2O.
|
|
|
What is a BUN test?
|
blood urea nitrogen: measures major nitrogenous end waste products of metabolism.
|
|
|
high urea in the blood means what?
|
poor renal function
|
|
|
IVP
|
intravenous pyelogram. injected dye to visualize the urinary system
|
|
|
cystoscopy
|
insertion of flexible scope up the urethra into bladder to visualize bladder
|
|
|
bladder crede
|
manual compression of the bladder walls with hands on abdomen wall (typical with neurologic impairment)
|
|
|
What are indications for catheterization?
|
-incontinence
-urinary retention -accurate assessment of UO -irrigate bladder (bladder meds) -obtain sterile specimen -calculate PVR (post void residual) |
|
|
How long is intermittent catheter left in for?
|
5-10 minutes
|
|
|
How can we prevent infection with catheters?
|
-maintain closed system
-sterile insertion -keep tube & bag connected -maintaining patency -preventing pooling of urine in tubing |
|
|
What type of catheters is used for bladder irrigation?
|
triple lumen
|
|
|
What catheter has a curved tip with wire stylet (firm to assist insertion) especially for BPH patients?
|
coude catheter
|
|
|
What catheter goes directly into the abdomen?
|
suprapubic catheter
|
|
|
What is a ureterostomy?
|
ureter is brought to abdominal wall (then uses stoma)
|
|
|
What are some things you can ask for fall assessment?
|
-assess pt's level of confusion
-assess history of depression -assess any elimination issues -assess medication record -assess mobility status |
|
|
What are some things we could use for prevention with a low risk fall patient?
|
-upper rails up
-orient to call light -bed in low position -non-slip footwear -assist w/elimination -environment cleared of hazards |
|
|
What are some things we could use for prevention with a moderate risk fall patient?
|
-check pt every 2 hr
-prompt toilet every 2 hr -pt moved closer to nursing station -review safety with family -mobility equipment -consult for history of falls |
|
|
What are some things we could use for prevention with a high risk fall patient?
|
-bed alarm on
-chair alarm -request medical interactions -3 bed rails -check pt every hour -24 hour sitter if needed |
|
|
How often do restraints need to be removed?
|
every 2 hr
|
|
|
What are some things a nurse must try before applying restraints?
|
-reorient pt verbally
-provide visual cues to reorient -remind pt to use call light -family member at bedside -distract a pt |
|
|
How often are restraint orders needed?
|
every 24 hours
|
|
|
What are the six components in the infection cycle?
|
-infectious agents
-reservoir -portal of exit -mode of transmission -portal of entry -compromised host |
|
|
Where is MRSA colonization often found?
|
-nose
-groin -underarms |
|
|
MRSA colonization
|
describe those who have drug resistant staph aureus bacteria on or in their bodies but have not yet become ill through the infection of a wound or other area of tissue
|
