Fundamentals Of Nursing: Conception Through Young Adult & The Aging Adult

Front 1

Preembryonic Stage

Back 1

Begining at conception, this stage includes: implantation formation of endoderm, mesoderm, & ectoderm and lasts 3 weeks

Front 2

Embryonic Stage

Back 2

4th - 8th week. Rapid growth & cell differentiation formation of all basic organs (head 1st). OTC's, nicotine, alcohol = high risk for birth defects

Front 3

Fetal Stage

Back 3

9th weeks - birth. Body systems cont. to grow & develop. Adequate nutrition important for normal growth.

Front 4

Physiologic development of the Neonate

Back 4

Birth - 28 days. Extrauterine life. Respiratory & circulatory systems, body temp, GI, senses, & CNS (refexes) must function independant of mother.

Front 5

Physiologic development of the Infant

Back 5

1 mo. - 1 yr. brain growth, motor skills improve, eyes focus/fixate, heart grows/slows/>BP, teeth erupt, weight/length increase

Front 6

Failure to Thrive (FTT)

Back 6

Inadequate growth resulting from inability to use/obtain calories.

Front 7

Sudden Infant Death (SIDS)

Back 7

Sudden death of an infant under 1yr. Unknown cause, possible neurologic regulation of cardiac and respiratory control.

Front 8

Role of Nurse in promoting health of infant.

Back 8

Teaching family & caregivers basic nutrition/feeding, hygeiene,immunizations, ect.

Front 9

Physiologic development of the
Toddler

Back 9

1 - 3yrs. Slower rate of growth. Uses fingers to pick up sm objects, walks, uses spoon/cup, Daytime bladder control (2.5-3y)

Front 10

Attachment and Bonding

Back 10

Bonding occurs during the first few hours after birth & is the emotional linkage of two people. Attachment the long-term maintenance and strengthening this link.

Front 11

Examples of NANDA Nursing Diagnoses: Infancy Through School Age

Back 11

Risk for infection/Exposure
Diarrhea/Milk intolerance
Deficient Fluid Volume/ Vomiting & diarrhea
Risk for Suffocation/Lack of knowledge of safety precautions
Low Self-Esteem/Abuse by caregiver

Front 12

Toddler - Havighurst

Back 12

The toddler has the developmental task to control urine and feces; learns sex differences, form concepts, gains language skills, & knows right from wrong.

Front 13

Role of the Nurse in Promoting Health and Preventing Illness

Back 13

Helping caregivers encourage their toddler's independence while setting firm limits.

Front 14

Physiologic development of the Preschooler

Back 14

3 - 6 Yrs. The body becomes leaner/ more coordinated. Baby teeth are replaced by permanent teeth.
Average weight at 5/6: 45 lb

Front 15

Preschooler - Havighurst

Back 15

4 developmental tasks: sex differences, modesty, describe social & physical reality language, ready to read, know right from wrong.

Front 16

Role of the Nurse in Promoting Health & Preventing Illness in the Preschooler

Back 16

Provides examples of teaching to promote health saftey, nutrition, hygiene, elimination, & vision/dental.

Front 17

Physiologic Development of School-Aged Child

Back 17

6 - 12 Yrs. CNS is almost completely mature, motor abilities cont. to progress, permanent teeth/except for 2nd & 3rd molars,
Height increases 2 to 3 inches & weight increases 3 to 6 lb a year, onset of puberty

Front 18

School age - Havighurst

Back 18

Learning physical game skills,
masculine or feminine social role, reading, writing, & calculating, independence,
conscience, morality, & values.

Front 19

School age - Erikson

Back 19

Industry-versus-Inferiority New skills develop positive self-esteem. Self-identity emerges, values w/ emphasis on doing, succeeding, & accomplishing

Front 20

School age - Freud

Back 20

Latency stage. Psychosocial identification with one's own sex & creative activities. Privacy & understanding one's body

Front 21

Role of the Nurse in Promoting Health & Preventing Illness in School age child.

Back 21

Individual and family teaching, often conducted by school nurses.

Front 22

Physiologic Development
in the adolescent

Back 22

Begins w/ puberty & extends from 12 - 20 yrs. Bones grow rapidly, increase muscle mass/fat. Primary & secondary sexual development

Front 23

Adolesent/young adult - Havighurst

Back 23

Mature relationships between boys & girls of the same age. Masculine or feminine social role developed, personal appearance is accepted, values and an ethics guide behavior

Front 24

Adolescent/young adult - Freud

Back 24

Libido matures & is capable of sexual function. Creativity and pleasure are found in love and in work.

Front 25

Levinson's Theory of
early adult transition

Back 25

18 to 22 time of making initial career choices, establishing personal relationships, values & lifestyles.

Front 26

Gould's Theory of
adult transformation

Back 26

Young adults establishd control separate from the family. Enjoying the present & building for the future

Front 27

Examples of NANDA Nursing Diagnoses: Adolescence

Back 27

Imbalanced Nutrition:++ Body Requirements/Compulsive overeating
Imbalanced Nutrition:-- Than Body Requirements/dieting
Risk for Impaired Parenting/ Teen pregnancy
Disturbed Body Image/Obesity
Anxiety/School failure
Ineffective Health Maintenance/Alcohol and drugs

Front 28

Role of the Nurse in Promoting Health & Preventing Illness in Adolescence

Back 28

assessment of adolescent development must include the reproductive functioning & teaching

Front 29

Based on Freud's theory, the preschool-aged child is in the
a. Phallic stage
b. Anal stage
c. Oral stage
d. Latency stage

Back 29

a.
According to Freud, a biologic focus that is primarily genital, with a sexual desire for the opposite-sex parent.

Front 30

Describe the moral/spiritual development of school child?
a. Obeying rules/avoiding punishment
b. Valuing loyalty & social order
c. Accepting the value system of others
d. Faith involves reciprocal fairness

Back 30

d.
Religious faith is seen as reciprocal fairness & accept importance of spiritual beliefs

Front 31

The ability to reproduce in the adolescent is:
a. Maturation
b. Adulthood
c. Puberty
d. Latency

Back 31

c.
Puberty is defined by reproductive function in the adolescent

Front 32

What is aging?

Back 32

The gradual process characterized by cont. development and maturation. Begin at middle adulthood & are influenced by numerous biologic, psychosocial, and environmental factors

Front 33

Middle adult - Erikson

Back 33

Generativity v.s. Stagnation. The tasks are to establish & guide the next generation, accept middle-age, adjust to aging parents,reevaluate goals/accomplishments.

Front 34

Middle adult - Havighurst

Back 34

The developmental tasks of the middle adult described by Havighurst (1972) are learned behaviors arising from maturation, personal motives and values, and civic responsibility. To successfully master this developmental stage, the middle adult must accept and adjust to physical changes, maintain a satisfactory occupation, assist children to become responsible adults, adjust to aging parents, and relate to one's spouse or partner as a person.

Front 35

Middle adult - Levinson

Back 35

May choose either to continue an established lifestyle or to reorganize one's life in a period of transition.

Front 36

Middle adult - Gould

Back 36

Adults look inward (ages 35 to 43); accept life span, special interest in spouse, friends, community (ages 43 to 50); increase feelings of self-satisfaction, spouse as more concerned with health (ages 50 to 60).

Front 37

Examples of NANDA Nursing Diagnoses: The Middle Adult

Back 37

Risk for Imbalanced Nutrition/Sedentary lifestyle
Body Requirements
Constipation/low fiber & lack of exercise
Risk for Impaired Ski/Sun exposure
Caregiver Role Strain/Aging parents

Front 38

Physiologic Development
In older adults

Back 38

All organ systems undergo decline in overall functioning, and the body becomes less efficient

Front 39

The greatest threat to the health of older adults?

Back 39

Loss of the physiologic reserve of the various systems. Physical & emotional stress increases risk for complex reactions/ more likely to have complications & recover slowly

Front 40

Older Adult - Erikson

Back 40

Ego integrity v.s. despair & disgust. life review or reminiscence

Front 41

Examples of Nursing Interventions Classification using Reminiscence "Therapy"

Back 41

Encourage verbal expression positive & negative feelings of past events.
Ask open-ended questions about past
Ask the family to bring photo albums or scrapbooks.

Front 42

Older Adulthood - Havighurst

Back 42

primarily concerned w/ the maintenance of social contacts & relationships. Successful aging depends on a flexible & adaptation to new roles.

Front 43

Examples of Nursing Interventions Classification
Reality Orientation I

Back 43

Inform patient of person, place, and time, label items in environment, provide consistantcy in environment & routine.

Front 44

Examples of NANDA Nursing Diagnoses: The Older Adult

Back 44

Risk for Infection/Thin skin
Risk for Injury/Unstable gait
Ineffective Coping/Chronic illness
Impaired Physical Mobility/

Front 45

The middle aged person struggling w/ "stagnation" is:
a. “helping my parents move into an assisted-living facility.”
b. “I spend all of my time going to the doctor to be sure I am not sick.”
c. “I have enough money to help my son and his wife when they need it.”
d. “I earned this gray hair and I like it!”

Back 45

b.
Stagnation is an over concern about their own physical and emotional health needs