Fundamentals Of Crm And The Section 106 Process

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Historic Property

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"Any prehistoric, or historic building, site, structure, object or district included in or eligible for inclusion in the National Register or Historic Places including artifacts, materials remains, and records related to such a property."

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2 Principles of CRM

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1. CR are finite and non-renewable and they are quickly disappearing due to MODERNIZATION and DEVELOPMENT
2. Human Heritage info is gained from these CR and is invaluable

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Aim of CRM

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to preserve and protect the physical remains of the past for the info they contain

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1879 - 5 Major Developments in CRM

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1. AAA = Anthropological Association of America
2. AIA = Archeological Institute of America
3. BAE = Bureau of American Ethnology (Smithsonian)
4. Putnam's Report on US Geological Survey West of 100th Meridian
5. Morgan elected President of American Association for the Advancement of Science (native Americans)

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3 Threats of CR in 20th c.

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1. River damming / flood control (led to Reservoir Salvage Act 1960)
2. Highway Construction (Eisenhower System)
3. city/suburb development led to urban renewal

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1966

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1. NHPA = National Historic Preservation Act
- led to National Register, ACHP [Advisory Council on Historic Preservation] and SHPO [State Historic Preservation Officers
2. Transportation Act (section 4[f])
- roads no allowed to be built across CR, UNLESS NO FEASIBLE OR PRUDENT ALTERNATIVE

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1969

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NEPA = National Environment Policy Act
- led to CEQ (Council on Environmental Quality)
- NEED TO CONSIDER ENTIRE ENVIRONMENT

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1972

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Executive Order 11593
- NIXON directed agencies to treat eligible properties AS IF they were included in the NR

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Section 106 Process

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1. Initiate = establish undertaking, talk to SHPO/THPO, plan to involve public
- done if no undertaking, if could affect HP continue to #2
2. Identify = determine scope of efforts, identify HP, evaluate historic significance
- done if no HP actually affected, if affect HP then continue to #3
3. Assess = assess the adverse effects
- done if no HP are adversely affected, if affected continue to #4
4. Resolve = resolve the adverse effects, continue consultation
- memorandum of agreement if done, failure to agree leads to council comment

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undertaking

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any project, activity or program funded in whole or in part by a federal agency, including those carried out by or on behalf of the agency, with federal financial assistance, requiring a federal permit/license/approval, and subject to state or local regulation

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integrity

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in addition to being over 50 years old, a property must retain its physical integrity/remain unchanged, have essential character defining features, recognizable to affiliated culture group
* if an archeological site, must remain undisturbed

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RP3 Process

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RP3 = Resource Protection Planning Process
(NPS, National Park Service)
1. Identification = surveys to find and record Hp and potential HP
2. Evaluation = assess significance (by NRHP criteria)
3. Protection

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NRHP 4 Criteria for Eligibility

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In order to be considered eligible for the NRHP a property must at least be affiliated with one of the following important:
1. Event
2. Person
3. Design/Construction
4. Information Potential

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NRHP Criteria Considerations

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1. religious Properties
2. building or structure removed from original location but is architecturally or historically significant
3. birthplace or grave of important person is there is no other physical reminder of them
4. cemetery
5. reconstructed building in a suitable environment
6. commemorative property if there's significant architectural, symbolic, age, or traditional value
7. a property younger than 50 years old if it has exceptional importance