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120 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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In which of the following fields has the most progress been made over the last two decades? |
c) molecular biology
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Which of the following is crucial for your success in your anatomy and physiology course?
a) seeking assistance b) attending all lectures, labs, and study sessions c) reading assignments before going to class or lab d) all of the listed responses are correct |
d) all of the listed responses are correct
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What is the term, meaning "cutting open," that denotes the study of the structure of internal and external features of the body and how they relate to each other?
a) physiology b) pathology c) anatomy d) medical terminology |
c) anatomy
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What is the term for the study of how living organisms perform their functions?
a) anatomy b) pathology c) physiology d) medical terminology |
c) physiology
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The study of structures of the cardiovascular system is an example of __________.
a) regional anatomy b) systemic anatomy c) clinical anatomy d) systemic physiology |
b) systemic anatomy
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The study of the structure of muscle tissue is an example of __________.
a) cell physiology b) cytology c) histology d) embryology |
c) histology
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The study of the function of the stomach is an example of __________.
a) cell physiology b) special physiology c) systemic physiology d) pathological physiology |
b) special physiology
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Which of the following levels of organization is the smallest and simplest?
a) chemical level b) organ system level c) cellular level d) organ level |
a) chemical level
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Which organ system includes the stomach, liver, and small intestine and processes, digests, and absorbs nutrients from food?
a) digestive system b) respiratory system c) urinary system d) muscular system |
a) digestive system
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Which organ system is responsible for the support and protection of organs and tissues and includes bones and cartilages?
a) muscular system b) skeletal system c) lymphoid system d) integumentary system |
b) skeletal system
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What general mechanism involved in homeostatic regulation occurs when a cell, tissue, organ, or organ system adjusts its activities automatically in response to an environmental stimulus?
a) effector regulation b) positive feedback c) autoregulation d) extrinsic regulation |
c) autoregulation
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What is the term for the maintenance of a relatively stable internal environment in an organism?
a) homeostasis b) metabolism c) physiological regulation d) extrinsic regulation |
a) homeostasis
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Which of the following homeostatic regulatory mechanisms involves a response to a stimulus that reverses or negates the stimulus?
a) positive feedback b) dynamic equilibrium c) homeostatic imbalance d) negative feedback |
d) negative feedback
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Which homeostatic mechanism produces a response that enhances or exaggerates a stimulus?
a) negative feedback b) homeostatic imbalance c) positive feedback d) dynamic equilibrium |
c) positive feedback
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Which of the following is NOT true of anatomical position?
a) feet are together. b) palms face backward. c) arms and hands are at the sides. d) palms face forward. |
b) palms face backward.
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Which of the following is the anatomical term for "head"?
a) crus or crural b) cephalon or cephalic c) carpus or carpal d) cervicis or cervical |
b) cephalon or cephalic
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In anatomical position, the head is ______________ to the chest.
a) superior b) medial c) distal d) inferior |
a) superior
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What type of sectional plane divides the body into anterior and posterior portions?
a) frontal or coronal b) midsagittal c) transverse or horizontal d) parasagittal |
a) frontal or coronal
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What are the two main divisions of the ventral body cavity?
a) pleural and mediastinal b) thoracic and abdominopelvic c) pericardial and pleural d) abdominal and pelvic |
b) thoracic and abdominopelvic
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In what body cavity would you find the liver?
a) thoracic b) abdominal c) pleural d) pelvic |
b) abdominal
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What is the key relationship between anatomy and physiology?
a) Physiological functions are performed by specific structures. b) Physiological functions are performed by an array of general structures. c) Anatomy is more important than physiology. d) There is no relationship between anatomy and physiology. |
a) Physiological functions are performed by specific structures.
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Physiology is defined as ______________.
a) the study of the function of anatomical structures b) the study of the effects of exercise c) the analysis of the structures of cells d) the study of the biological effects of disease |
a) the study of the function of anatomical structures
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The study of the anatomical organization of specific areas of the body, such as the neck or trunk, is ___________.
a) cell physiology b) medical anatomy c) developmental anatomy d) regional anatomy |
d) regional anatomy
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What would you call something that was made of two or more tissues that worked together to perform several functions?
a) Molecule b) Tissue c) Cell d) Organ e) Atom |
d) Organ
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Which organ system protects against environmental hazards, helps regulate body temperature, and provides sensory information?
a) Cardiovascular system b) Integumentary system c) Endocrine system d) Digestive system |
b) Integumentary system
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What is the function of the urinary system?
a) Excretes waste products from the blood and regulates blood ion concentration and pH b) Directs long-term changes in the activities of other organ systems, adjusts metabolic activities of the body, and controls changes during development c) Provides movement and support and generates heat that maintains body temperature d) Delivers air to alveoli, provides oxygen to the bloodstream, removes carbon dioxide from the bloodstream, and provides sounds for communication |
a) Excretes waste products from the blood and regulates blood ion concentration and pH
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Which of the following is an example of extrinsic regulation?
a) The brain maintains its own blood pressure by controlling the diameter of its blood vessels. b) Tissues release chemicals to increase blood flow to their cells. c) Blood vessels release chemicals to increase platelet aggregation. d) The nervous system stimulates the heart to beat faster during exercise. |
d) The nervous system stimulates the heart to beat faster during exercise.
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The maintenance of a relatively constant internal environment is:
a) positive feedback loop b) metabolism c) homeostasis d) inflammation |
c) homeostasis
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Which part of the homeostatic regulatory system detects changes in the environment?
a) Effector b) Stimulus c) Receptor d) Control center |
c) Receptor
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Which of the following statements about homeostasis is NOT correct?
a) The actions of the nervous system are not part of the autoregulatory processes of homeostasis. b) Hormones function in extrinsic regulation of homeostasis. c) Autoregulation refers to the automatic changes in a cell, tissue, organ, or system that occur with environmental variation. d) Extrinsic regulation usually occurs when autoregulation is insufficient to maintain homeostasis. e) Maintaining long-term homeostatic effects such as growth in children is mediated mainly by autoregulation. |
e) Maintaining long-term homeostatic effects such as growth in children is mediated mainly by autoregulation.
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What is the body's primary mechanism of homeostatic regulation?
a) Negative feedback b) Control center inhibition c) Stimulus enhancement d) Positive feedback |
a) Negative feedback
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Under "normal" conditions _______________.
a) set points are generally found within a set range. This allows for minor oscillations around the set point; these minor oscillations are usually ignored b) set points are rigidly adhered to and when slight deviations occur, the body launches an "all out effort" to bring the system back to the norm c) set points are highly variable and internal reactions to set points cannot be predicted with any accuracy at all d) set points are generally found within a set range. Nevertheless, minor oscillations can raise havoc within the system |
a) set points are generally found within a set range. This allows for minor oscillations around the set point; these minor oscillations are usually ignored
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In a positive feedback system, what effect does the response to the stimulus have on the stimulus itself?
a) Does not affect the stimulus b) Decreases the stimulus c) May increase or decrease the stimulus, depending on the circumstances d) Exaggerates the stimulus |
d) Exaggerates the stimulus
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Why is positive feedback useful to the human body?
a) Can complete a potentially dangerous or stressful process quickly b) Provides long-term control over the body's internal conditions c) Helps to maintain a normal range of set point values d) Restores a variable to homeostasis |
a) Can complete a potentially dangerous or stressful process quickly
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When does disease or illness form?
a) When the body cannot maintain homeostasis for a particular variable or set of variables b) When a receptor receives a stimulus c) When positive feedback is occurring d) When there is too much negative feedback |
a) When the body cannot maintain homeostasis for a particular variable or set of variables
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Which of the following is NOT an example of positive feedback?
a) Leads to response that exaggerates stimulus b) Likely to be associated with immediate danger or stress c) Important in processes that must be completed quickly d) Loop can be broken only by external processes a) Primary mechanism of homeostatic regulation |
a) Primary mechanism of homeostatic regulation
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Homeostatic regulation of body temperature is an example of:
a) positive feedback b) negative feedback c) disease |
b) negative feedback
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After eating a sugary donut and drinking a soft drink your blood glucose levels rise above a normal range. How would negative feedback affect this variable?
a) Blood glucose levels would rise even further. b) Blood glucose levels would fall to below what is considered a normal range. c) Blood glucose levels would return to a normal range (homeostasis). d) None of the above. |
c) Blood glucose levels would return to a normal range (homeostasis).
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Which of the following is located distally to the elbow?
a) Toes b) Shoulder c) Knee d) Wrist |
d) Wrist
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Which of the following is the most medial structure?
a) Feet b) Ears c) Eyebrows d) Navel |
d) Navel
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The mental region is ___________ to the nasal region.
a) medial b) lateral c) inferior d) superior |
c) inferior
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The arms are __________ to the sternum.
a) lateral b) distal c) proximal d) medial |
a) lateral
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A vertical plane that divides the body into right and left portions is called:
a) sagittal b) vertical c) coronal d) transverse |
a) sagittal
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Which plane would you use to cut the human body so you could see the anterior and posterior portions of the heart?
a) Midsagittal b) Transverse c) Sagittal d) Frontal/coronal |
d) Frontal/coronal
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Which of the following is found in the thoracic body cavity?
a) Heart b) Stomach c) Liver d) Rectum |
a) Heart
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Which of the following is NOT found in the mediastinum?
a) Esophagus b) Heart c) Liver d) Trachea |
c) Liver
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Which of the following is NOT found in the abdominopelvic cavity?
a) Lungs b) Pancreas c) Liver d) Stomach |
a) Lungs
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Which of the following is found in the pleural cavity?
a) Liver b) Lungs c) Pancreas d) Stomach |
b) Lungs
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What is the name of the membrane lining the abdominopelvic cavity?
a) Pleura b) Meninges c) Peritoneum d) Pericardium |
c) Peritoneum
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Which of the following is found in the pelvic cavity?
a) Lungs b) Rectum c) Liver d) Small intestine |
b) Rectum
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The pericardial cavity surrounds the:
a) lungs b) spinal cord c) urinary bladder d) heart |
d) heart
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The visceral pleura ____________.
a) lines the inner surface of blood vessels b) covers the surface of the lungs c) lines the inner surface of the lungs d) covers the organs of the abdominal cavity |
b) covers the surface of the lungs
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Which of the following is a function of serous membranes?
a) Connect muscle to bone b) Reduce friction c) Regulate body temperature d) Increase traction |
b) Reduce friction
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Which body cavity would a surgeon open to operate on the uterus?
a) Pelvic cavity b) Pleural cavity c) Mediastinum d) Pericardial cavity |
a) Pelvic cavity
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The correct anatomical position is feet flat, face forward, arms to the side, and palms facing backward.
a) True b) False |
b) False
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A sagittal plane separates the anterior and posterior sections of the body.
a) True b) False |
b) False
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The muscles are superficial to the skin.
a) True b) False |
b) False
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The ventral body cavity includes the thoracic cavity and the abdominopelvic cavity.
a) True b) False |
a) True
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The nervous system helps regulate body temperature.
a) True b) False |
a) True
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In the standard definition of the anatomical position, the palms face ________.
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forward
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A sagittal plane separates structures into _______ and ______ portions.
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right and left
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The muscles are ______ to the skin
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deep
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________ ___________, or ________________ is the study of the anatomy of large structures visible to the unaided eye.
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Gross anatomy, or macroscopy
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______________________ _______________ is the name of the study of the effects of disease on organ or system functions.
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Pathological physiology
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Of the two general mechanisms involved in homeostatic regulation, autoregulation refers to local processes and ___________ ___________________ involves the nervous system or the endocrine system.
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extrinsic regulation
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The ______________ is a cell or organ that responds to the commands of the control center and whose activity either opposes or enhances the stimulus
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effector
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A _____________ plane divides the body into right and left halves.
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sagittal
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The __________________ system contains the skin, hair, sweat glands and nails.
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integumentary
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The ________________ system contains the pituitary gland, pancreas and thyroid gland.
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endocrine
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The ________________ system contains the lungs, sinuses and bronchi.
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respiratory
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What is the role of the effector in homeostatic regulation?
a) to detect changes in the internal and external environment b) to receive the incoming information c) to respond to the output of the control center d) to process the information supplied by the receptor |
c) to respond to the output of the control center
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In descriptions of the superficial anatomy of the human body, the neck is the _________.
a) thoracis b) carpus c) cervicis d) mentis |
c) cervicis
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In which quadrant would you find the liver?
a) right upper b) left upper c) right lower d) left lower |
a) right upper
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Anatomy is the study of ________, and physiology is the study of ________.
a) structure; function b) cells; microorganisms c) function; structure d) animals; plants |
a) structure; function
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Systemic anatomy considers the structure of major________, whereas surface anatomy refers to the study of ________.
a) organ systems; superficial markings b) anatomical landmarks; organ systems c) superficial external features; anatomical landmarks d) superficial markings; macroscopic anatomy |
a) organ systems; superficial markings
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What is the name of the serous membrane that covers the surface of the heart?
a) visceral pleura b) visceral pericardium c) parietal pericardium d) parietal peritoneum |
b) visceral pericardium
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The specialized study that analyzes the structure of individual cells is ________.
a) microbiology b) cytology c) pathology d) histology |
b) cytology
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The scientist who studies the effects of diseases on organ or system functions is a ________.
a) pathological physiologist b) histophysiologist c) system physiologist d) cell physiologist |
a) pathological physiologist
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The smallest living units in the body are ________.
a) molecules b) subatomic particles c) cells d) elements |
c) cells
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The level of organization that reflects the interactions between organ systems is the ________.
a) cellular level b) tissue level c) molecular level d) organism |
d) organism
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The two regulatory systems in the human body are the ________.
a) muscular and skeletal systems b) cardiovascular and lymphatic systems c) digestive and reproductive systems d) nervous and endocrine systems |
d) nervous and endocrine systems
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Homeostasis refers to ________.
a) specialization of individual cells to perform particular functions b) the existence of a stable internal environment c) changes in an organism's immediate environment d) the chemical operations underway in the body |
b) the existence of a stable internal environment
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When a stimulus outside normal limits triggers a response that opposes or negates the stimulus, the mechanism is called ________.
a) homeostasis b) positive feedback c) crisis management d) negative feedback |
d) negative feedback
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When the initial stimulus produces a response that exaggerates the stimulus, the mechanism is most specifically called ________.
a) autoregulation b) positive feedback c) negative feedback d) extrinsic regulation |
b) positive feedback
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When a person is lying down face up in the anatomical position, the individual is said to be ________.
a) prone b) supine c) rostral d) proximal |
b) supine
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Moving along the surface of the skin from the wrist toward the elbow is an example of moving in a ________ direction.
a) distal b) proximal c) lateral d) medial |
b) proximal
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What is the relationship between anatomy and physiology?
a) All specific functions are performed by specific structures. b) The structure of something has nothing to do with its function. c) Structure and function are related to each other only some of the time. d) All structures have the same function. |
a) All specific functions are performed by specific structures.
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Making a sagittal section results in the separation of ________.
a) superior and inferior portions of the body b) dorsal and ventral portions of the body c) anterior and posterior portions of the body d) right and left portions of the body |
d) right and left portions of the body
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A plane that is cut parallel to the midsagittal plane is a ________.
a) parasagittal section b) sectional plane c) transverse section d) frontal section |
a) parasagittal section
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The two subdivisions of the ventral body cavity are the ________.
a) thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities b) abdominal and pelvic cavities c) thoracic and abdominal cavities d) pericardial and pleural cavities |
a) thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities
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The subdivisions of the thoracic body cavity are the ________.
a) cranial and spinal cavities b) thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities c) pleural and pericardial cavities d) pelvic and abdominal cavities |
c) pleural and pericardial cavities
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The heart and the lungs are located in the _____ cavity.
a) abdominal b) pleural c) pericardial d) thoracic |
d) thoracic
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The ventral body cavity is divided by a flat muscular sheet called the ________.
a) mediastinum b) peritoneum c) diaphragm d) pericardium |
c) diaphragm
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Which of the following is the term for the study of disease?
a) homeostasis b) pathology c) anatomy d) histology |
b) pathology
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What is the term for the homeostatic regulation mechanism in which a cell, tissue, organ, or organ system adjusts its activities without input from the nervous or endocrine system in response to an environmental change?
a) extrinsic regulation b) negative feedback c) autoregulation d) positive feedback |
c) autoregulation
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The state in which opposing processes or forces are in balance is called ________.
a) disease b) equilibrium c) positive feedback d) negative feedback |
b) equilibrium
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Beginning with chemicals and proceeding through increasing levels of complexity, the correct sequence is ________.
a) chemicals, organ systems, organs, tissues, cells, organism b) chemicals, cells, organ systems, tissues, organs, organism c) chemicals, tissues, cells, organs, organ systems, organism d) chemicals, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organism |
d) chemicals, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organism
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Damage at the cellular, tissue, or organ level often affects the entire system. This supports the view that ________.
a) the lower levels depend on the higher levels b) each level is totally independent of the others c) each level is totally dependent on the others d) each level has its own specific function |
c) each level is totally dependent on the others
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A person in anatomical position is standing erect, feet facing forward and ________.
a) arms in a raised position, with palms of hands facing dorsally and the thumbs to the inside b) arms in a raised position, with palms of hands facing forward and with the thumbs to the outside c) arms hanging to sides, with palms of hands facing anteriorly and the thumbs located medially d) arms hanging to sides, with palms of hands facing forward and with the thumbs to the outside |
d) arms hanging to sides, with palms of hands facing forward and with the thumbs to the outside
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Match the following sequence to the equivalent sequence of anatomical directions: ventral, posterior, superior, inferior.
a) anterior, dorsal, cephalic, caudal b) caudal, cephalic, anterior, posterior c) dorsal, anterior, caudal, cephalic d) cephalic, caudal, posterior, anterior |
a) anterior, dorsal, cephalic, caudal
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The thoracic cavity is _____________ to the abdominopelvic cavity.
a) posterior b) anterior c) superior d) inferior |
c) superior
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The skin is __________ to the muscles.
a) superficial b) medial c) lateral d) deep |
a) superficial
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From the organ systems listed below, select the correct sequence of organs found in each of the systems (cardiovascular, digestive, endocrine, urinary, integumentary).
a) blood vessels, pancreas, kidneys, lungs, nails b) heart, stomach, lungs, kidneys, hair c) lungs, gallbladder, ovaries, bladder, sebaceous glands d) heart, liver, pituitary gland, kidneys, skin |
d) heart, liver, pituitary gland, kidneys, skin
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In a homeostatic system, the mechanism that is represented by the example of blood clotting is ________.
a) the receptor b) negative feedback c) dynamic equilibrium d) positive feedback |
d) positive feedback
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The heart is ___________ to the arms.
a) medial b) posterior c) lateral d) anterior |
a) medial
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If the temperature of the body climbs above 99ºF, negative feedback is triggered by ________.
a) increased heat loss through enhanced blood flow to the skin and sweating b) the individual experiencing shivering c) increased heat conservation by restricted blood flow to the skin d) activation of the positive feedback mechanism |
a) increased heat loss through enhanced blood flow to the skin and sweating
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The term medial surface refers to the area ________.
a) away from an attached base b) away from the long axis of the body c) close to the long axis of the body d) toward an attached base |
c) close to the long axis of the body
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Histology is the study of ________.
a) disease b) cells c) tissues d) organ systems |
c) tissues
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Which organ system contains bones, ligaments, cartilage, and bone marrow?
a) skeletal system b) integumentary system c) digestive system d) muscular system |
a) skeletal system
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Which region of the body is known as the femoral region?
a) forearm b) ankle c) thigh d) calf |
c) thigh
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In complex organisms such as human beings, cells unite to form ________.
a) systems b) organs c) tissues d) molecules |
c) tissues
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In descriptions of the superficial anatomy of the human body, the arm is the ________.
a) crus b) manus c) carpus d) brachium |
d) brachium
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The organ system responsible for internal distribution of oxygen and carbon dioxide is the ________.
a) cardiovascular system b) muscular system c) endocrine system d) integumentary system |
a) cardiovascular system
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The anatomical term for the calf is ________.
a) sura or sural b) crus or crural c) planta or plantar d) femur or femoral |
a) sura or sural
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The spinal cord is __________ to the esophagus.
a) posterior b) anterior c) proximal d) distal |
a) posterior
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Heat production is a major function of the ____ system.
a) endocrine b) nervous c) muscular d) cardiovascular |
c) muscular
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The knee is proximal to the ________.
a) hip b) thigh c) foot d) elbow |
c) foot
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What is the common name for the antebrachium?
a) forearm b) hand c) knee d) arm |
a) forearm |
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In which body cavity are the female reproductive organs located?
a) pelvic cavity b) pleural cavity c) mediastinum d) abdominal cavity |
a) pelvic cavity
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The stomach is located in the ____ cavity.
a) abdominal b) pelvic c) pleural d) pericardial |
a) abdominal
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