Fundamentals Exam 3 Communication

Front 1

Define communication

Back 1

Communication is a dynamic, recriprocal process of sending and recieving messages.

Front 2

Discuss factors that influence communication

Back 2

Education background, culture, language, age, and past experiences.

Front 3

Describe the elements of the communication process

Back 3

Sender, message, reciever, feedback, channel.

Front 4

Discuss the role of communication and the nursing process

Back 4

Client center communication directed at acheiving client goals. It is used to estab. the theraputic relationship, provide and obtain health care information, and express interest and concern for the client and family.

Front 5

Describe the basic techniques for facilitating effective communication

Back 5

be aware of what is motivating you and your values/beliefs and perceptions, think about what may be the perceptions of the reciever, consider verbal and nonverbal aspects of communication, use as many different channels as possible, solicit feedback, actively listen, manage the environment

Front 6

Recognize ineffective verbal and nonverbal communication behaviors.

Back 6

Verbal: Giving personal opinions, changing subject, false reassurance, asking for explainations, approval or disapproval, defense responses, arguing, no advice, judgemental, why?, sympathy
Nonverbal: personal appearance, posture, gait, facial expression, eye contact, gestures, sounds, territoriality, personal space

Front 7

Differentiate helping from social relationships.

Back 7

Helping: clients needs are met, prupose is to enhance client growth, interactions are goal directed and planned, communication is therapeutic, includes periodic evaluation of goal achievement and has a defined end

Front 8

Differentiate helping from social relationships.

Back 8

Social: purpose is friendship, socialization, enjoyment or accomplishment of a task, interactions are spontaneous, communication may include giving advice, no or little emphasis on the evaluation of the interaction, no defined end

Front 9

Describe cultural and other psychological factors that influence a client's hygiene practice.

Back 9

body image, knowledge, socioeconomic status, clutural variables/soical practices, personal preference, physical condition

Front 10

Describe the components that comprise total personal hygiene.

Back 10

skin, oral hygiene, hair care, feet and nails, care of eyes, ears and nose

Front 11

Discuss the role of the nurse in maintaining the client's personal hygiene.

Back 11

Obtain a health history, assess the patient's cognitive ability and physical functioning, identify other factors, assess for sensory disturbances, determine preferences and practices

Front 12

Discuss the principle and guidelines used when providing and/or assisting the client with hygiene practice.

Back 12

privacy and dignity, maintain safety, provide warmth, promoting independence

Front 13

Discuss the relationship between skin integrity and hygiene.

Back 13

certain skin problems place the patient at risk for infection by causing cracks or breaks in the skin

Front 14

Describe the type and purpose of therapeutic baths.

Back 14

used to treat specific skin conditions such as chicken poxs, lesions or psoriasis

Front 15

Implement the nursing process in promoting or maintaining total personal hygiene.

Back 15

Assess the skin: inspect, note drainage or wounds, check color, temp, turgor

Front 16

Identify the client’s developmental level according to Erickson.

Back 16

Stage 1: Trust v. Mistrust (birth to 18 mos.)
Stage 2: Autonomy v. Shame and Doubt (18mos.-3 yrs)
Stage 3: Initiative v. Guilt (3-5yrs)
Stage 4: Industry v. Inferiority (6-11)
Stage 5: Identity v. Role confusion (11-21)
Stage 6: Intimacy v. Isolation (21-40)
Stage 7: Generativity v. Stagnation (40-65)
Stage 8: Ego Integrity v. Despair (65+)

Front 17

Discuss the influence that a client’s growth and developmental stage would have on a nursing plan of care designed specifically for that client.

Back 17

The level of the patient would directly correlate to the type of care given

Front 18

Identify common myths and stereotypes about older adults.

Back 18

Poor health, diasbled and unattractive, senile, dimented, live in nursing homes, cannot make decisions, unable to learn new things

Front 19

Assess the older adult and identify and address changes related to the aging process.

Back 19

Height and weight, integument, respiratory, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, sensory, musculoskeletal, neurological, genitourinaly

Front 20

Identify the learning needs of the older adult

Back 20

Ready to learn, face person, speak slowly and clearly, one idea at a time, give person time to process information, enhance the learning environment, get feedback, promote self esteem

Front 21

Discuss health promotion and maintenance behaviors for the older adult.

Back 21

Activity/regular exercise, weight reduction-good nutrition, management of hypertension, smoking cessation, immunization

Front 22

Identify nursing diagnosis relevant to clients with sensory alterations.

Back 22

Disturbed sensory perception (visual, auditory, kinesthetic, gustatory, tactile and olfactory)

Front 23

Identify interventions for preventing sensory deprivation and controlling sensory overload.

Back 23

Focus on prevention, support senses-glasses, hearing aids, orientation-calendar or activity board, provide stimuli

Front 24

Identify nursing measures to reduce the risk of falls in the older adult.

Back 24

clear pathways, good lighting, assitive devices, caregiver assistance, supervision

Front 25

Identify ways to maintain a safe environment for the older adult experiencing physical and sensory changes.

Back 25

Doormats, area rugs, grab bars in shower and tub, smoke dectors, room clutter, appliances with easy t oread settings
Hospital: call light, safe chair, bed in correct position

Front 26

Anuria

Back 26

The absence of urine. This term is used when urine output is less than 100 mL in 24hrs.

Front 27

Polyuria

Back 27

Excessive urination. May be caused by excessive hydration, diabetes mellitus, diabetes insipidus, or kidney disease

Front 28

Oliguria

Back 28

Urine output of less than 400mL in 24 hrs.

Front 29

Dysuria

Back 29

Painful or difficult urination. May be associated w/ infection or partial obstruction of the urinary tract as well as medications that trigger urinary retention.

Front 30

Hematuria

Back 30

Blood in the urine May be due to trauma, kidney stones, infection, or menstruation.

Front 31

Urgency

Back 31

A sudden, almost uncontrollable need to urinate

Front 32

Frequency

Back 32

The need to urinate at short intervals.

Front 33

Incontinence

Back 33

A lack of voluntary control over urination.

Front 34

Describe common urinary alterations.

Back 34

Type and amount of intake Type diuretics output can be more than input
Hydration status If dehydrated not a lot of output
Medications
Functional status of kidneys Surgery and anesthesia

Front 35

Assess urinary output.

Back 35

Measuring urine output and conducting a variety of bedside tests.
Oral- anything that is liquid at room temp.
IV- includes
Enteral- feedings through a tube
Irrigations- 20mL to clean folly while eventually come out as output so much record.
Blood and blood products
Anything on a full liquid diet

Front 36

Interpret the findings of a basic routine urinalysis

Back 36

*

Front 37

Urinary incontinence

Back 37

lack of voluntary control over urination. Different causes of incontinence to supply interventions

Front 38

Functional

Back 38

is the involuntary loss of urine in the absence of urinary system injures or nervous system problems. Related to: environmental factors, neuromuscular limitation, sensory impairment, and psychological factors.

Front 39

Overflow

Back 39

is the loss of urine in combination with a distended bladder. Causes of overflow incontinence include fecal impaction, neurological disorders, and enlarged prostate.

Front 40

Reflex

Back 40

is loss of urine when the person does not realize the bladder is full and has no urge to void

Front 41

Stress

Back 41

is an involuntary loss of less than 50 mL of urine with increased intra-abdominal pressure (sneezing, coughing, and laughing)

Front 42

Total

Back 42

Continual and unpredictable loss of urine

Front 43

Urge

Back 43

the involuntary loss of urine associated w/ a strong urge to void. It is often referred to as overactive bladder

Front 44

Urinary retention

Back 44

is an inability to empty the bladder completely. Etiologies include obstruction, inflammation and swelling, neurological problems, medication, and anxiety.

Front 45

Urinary incontinence

Back 45

a lack of voluntary control over urination. Affects people of all ages and social and economic levels. It affects both sexes, while woman are twice as likely as med to have this condition

Front 46

Urinary tract Infections (UTI)

Back 46

occurs when microorganisms, usually E. Coli, which normally lives in the colon, enters the urethra and begins to multiply

Front 47

Discuss common myths and misconceptions about the pain experience

Back 47

-Comfort is the absence of pain: FALSE Comfort is not measurable by lack of pain.
-Pain is universal- everyone has felt pain, but not always perceived in the same manor.
-Pain is the most common reason for seeking medical care TRUE
-Pain is objective. FALSE Pain cannot be observed.
-If a patient is in pain, you’ll know it!! FALSE
-There are differences in pain reception as well as pain response. TRUE
-Because pain is subjective, there is no good way to assess it. FALSE

Front 48

components of the pain experience: transmission

Back 48

A-delta fibers- myline fibers that release quick sharp pain
C fibers- non-mylinated fibers longer drawn out pain. (my arm)

Front 49

Components of the pain experience: perception

Back 49

point at where the person is aware of the pain. Gives awareness of the pain so the person can react
-Pain threshold: individual first interrupts pain as painful
-Pain tolerance- ability to endure the amount of pain

Front 50

Components of the pain experience: Reaction

Back 50

Factors that influence – Culture Pain threshold- individual first interrupts pain as painful

Front 51

Acute Pain

Back 51

-Less than 6 months
-Onset- Often sudden; fairly short-lived.
-Duration- Transient in nature
-Purpose- Warning that something is wrong.
-Pattern- Self limited readily alleviates.
-Localization- Well identified.
-Clinical signs- Fight or Flight response
Prognosis- Good once the underlying problem is taken care of. W/ complete relief

Front 52

Chronic Pain

Back 52

-More than 6 months
-Onset- Could by sudden or slow onset
-Duration- Prolong
-Purpose- Meaningless
-Pattern- Continues, varies in pain
-Localization- less defined. Back Pain, aching in joints.
-Clinical signs- Body adapts over time.
Prognosis- Usually not great. Complete relief is not usually available

Front 53

Discuss factors that influence that client's reaction to pain

Back 53

*

Front 54

Assess the client experiencing pain.

Back 54

-Pain characteristics
-Management strategies- What methods have you used to manage the pain.
-Relevant medical history- How is your general health. Is there other medical issues that maybe contributing to the pain.
-Psychosocial history- How does it affect your mood or stress.
-Impact of pain on the client’s daily life
-Client’s expectations and goals

Front 55

What to assess

Back 55

-Provoking –precipitating factors need to ask on admission, sometimes already know.
-Quality- what does pain feel like
-Region / Radiation – location can tell what type of pain (referred, radiating, phantom)
-Severity –intensity scale 1-10
-Time – onset, duration, frequency let us know when it starts before it gets too bad. More during admission.
Sleeping in a coping method for pain, stress, etc

Front 56

Discuss the interventions to assist the client to achieve comfort.

Back 56

-Pain therapy requires an individualized approach
-Interventions are not exclusive: usually several different treatments at one time. Studies have found that it is more affective together.
-Interventions that work in some situations may not work in others. What worked the first time may not be the same treatment that works the next time. Show empathy.
-Gate control theory – overload the switchboard w/…
-heat, cold, and touch (Thermal Therapy) Help to decrease pain. Activate the endorphin (natural pain killers)
-Relaxation and distraction
Acupressure
-Biofeedback- patient learns how to control bodily feedbacks
-TENS - transcutanous electrical Nero
system