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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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differentiate among comfort, rest, and sleep.
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comfort - state in which a person is relieved of distress
rest - waking state characterized by reduced actrivity and mental stimulation sleep - state of arousable unconciousness |
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describe four ways to modify the client environment to promote comfort, rest, and sleep.
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walls
floors lighting climate control |
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list four standard furnishings in each client room
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bed
privacy curtain overbed table bedside stand chairs |
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state at least 5 functions of sleep
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- reducing fatigue
- stabilizing mood - improving blood flow to the brain - increased protein synthesis - maintaining the disease fighting mechanisms of the immune system - promoting cellular growth and repair - improving the capacity for learning and memory storage |
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describe the two phases of sleep and their differences
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NREM - nonrapid eye movement - 4 stages - slow wave sleep - EEG waves appear as progressively slower oscillations.
REM - rapid eye movement - paradoxical sleep - EEG waves appear similar to those while awake. deepest stage. |
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describe the general trend in sleep requirements as a person ages
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The need for sleep decreases from birth to adulthood. With age, time spent in stages 3 and 4 of NREM decreases, while periods of REM sleep increase.
Older adults sleep more on weeknights, but younger adults sleep more on weekends. Older adults nap more than younger adults. |
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name 10 factors that affect sleep
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light
activity environment motivation emotions and moods food and beverages illness drugs |
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list 4 categories of drugs that affect sleep
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sedatives
tranquilizers stimulants caffeine alcohol |
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name 4 techniques for assessing sleep patterns
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questionnaires
sleep diary nocturnal polysomnography multiple sleep latency test |
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describe four categories of sleep disorders
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insomnia
hypersomnia sleep-wake cycle disturbances parasomnia |
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discuss at least five techniques for promoting sleep
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- select a room that is quiet, private, and dimly lit.
- assume a comfortable position - avoid talking and instead listen - inhale deeply through the nose and exhale slowly out the mouth |
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Who are environmental psychologists?
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specialists who study how the environment affects behavior and wellbeing
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what temperature are most client's comfortable?
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68 to 74 degrees F
20 - 23 degrees C |
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differentiate between humidity and relative humidity.
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humidity - amount of moisture in the air
relative humidity - ratio between the amount of moisture in the air and the greatest amount of water vapor the air can hold at a given temperature |
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what is thermoregulation?
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the ability to maintain stable body temperature
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what are mattress overlays?
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layers of foam or other devices placed on top of the mattress
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what benefits does sleep give?
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reducing fatigue
stabilizing mood improving blood flow to the brain increasing protein synthesis maintaining the disease fighting mechanisms of the immune system promoting cellular growth and repair improving the capacity for learning and memory storage |
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What are some effects of chronic sleep deprivation?
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reduced physical stamina
altered comfort, such as headache and nausea impaired coordination, especially in fine motor skills loss of muscle mass and weight increased susceptibility to infection slower wound healing decreased pain tolerance poor concentration, impaired judgement, unstable moods, and suspiciousness. |
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What stage of sleep does most dreaming occur?
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REM sleep
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How many times does a normal person cycle through NREM and REM sleep a night?
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4-6 times
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what are sleep rituals?
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habitual activities performed before going to sleep
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what does hypnotic mean?
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sleep producing
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What does alcohol do as far as sleep is concerned?
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It promotes sleep, but it tends to reduce normal REM and deep sleep stages of NREM sleep. Causes early awakening.
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What does cafeine do for sleep?
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Causes wakefulness.
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what is nocturnal polysomnography?
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a diagnostic assessment technique in which a client is monitored for an entire night's sleep to obtain physiologic data.
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What drug families do the category "sedatives" belong to?
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barbituates
antihistamines antipsychotics |
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What drug family do tranquilizers belong to?
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benzodiazepines
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What drug family do hypnotics belong to?
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barbituates
nonbarbituates |
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What drug family do stimulants belong to?
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amphetamines
amphetamine-like |
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what is a sleep diary?
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a daily account of sleeping and waking activities.
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what is a multiple sleep latency test?
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assessment of daytime sleepiness
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what is the sleep disorder insomnia?
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difficulty falling asleep, awakening frequently during the night, or awakening early.
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what is the sleep disorder hypersomnia?
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characterized by feeling sleepy despite getting normal sleep. Two conditions of hypersomknia are narcolepsy and sleep apnea.
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What is the sleep disorder narcolepsy?
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characterized by the sudden onset of daytime sleep, short NREM period before the first REM phase, and pathologic manifestations of REM sleep.
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What is the sleep disorder hypersomnolence?
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excessive sleeping for long periods.
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what is sleep paralysis?
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the person cannot move for a few minutes just before falling asleep or waking up.
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What is the sleep disorder cataplexy?
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sudden loss of muscle tone triffered by an emotional change such as laughing or anger
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What is ther sleep disorder hypnogogic hallucinations?
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dreamlike auditory or visual experiences while dozing or falling asleep.
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What is the apnea?
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cessation of breathing
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What is hypopnea?
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hypoventilation
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What is the sleeping disorder sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome?
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the sleeper stops breathing or breathing slows for 10 seconds or longer, five or more times per hour.
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What is hypoxia, and what causes it?
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decreased cellular oxygenation
Caused by sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome causes heart attack, stroke, or sudden death. |
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What is sleep-wake cycle disturbance?
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sleep schedule that involves daytime sleeping and interferes with biologic rhythms.changes in the intensity of light triggers a disturbance in the sleep cycle.
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what is a microsleep?
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unintentional sleep lasting 20 to 30 seconds.
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What does jet travel cause?
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a sudden change in the currently established photoperiod to which a person is accustomed
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What is a photoperiod?
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The number of daylight hours
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what is the sleep condition parasomnia?
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conditions associated with activities that cause arousal or partial arousal, usually during transitions in NREM periods of sleep.
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What is somnambulism?
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Sleep walking
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What is nocturnal enuresis?
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bed wetting
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What is bruxism?
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grinding of the teeth while sleeping
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What is resless legs syndrome?
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movement typically in the legs (but occasionally in the arms or other body parts) to relieve disturbing skin sensations.
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What is nocturnal myoclonus?
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Restless legs syndrome - just another name =)
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what are some nursing diagnosis regarding sleep that require interventions?
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fatigue
impaired bed mobility disturbed sleep pattern sleep deprivation relocation stress syndrome risk for injury impaired gas exchange |
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What is progressive relaxation?
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a therapeutic exercise in which a person actively contracts then relaxes muscle groups to break the worry tensions cycle that interferes with relaxation.
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What does giving a massage do for a client?
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relaxes tense muscles
improves circulation |
