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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are some pre-walikng movements?
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crawling
creeping locomoting with hands free standing |
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What is a pre-movement limitation?
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Hands are required to move. without it child cannot explore environment.
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What are some struggles to Bi-pedal stance?
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Wide Base
High CoG Easy to "tip over" |
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What are some basic characteristics of the mechanics of walking?
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Progressive alteration of leading legs.
Continuous contact with support surface. Gait cycle-heel strike to heel strike. |
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What are some basic needs for the mechanics of walking?
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Leg and trunk strength.
Balance |
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What are the phases of the gait cycle?
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Swing
Support Double support |
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What are the two movement analysis approaches?
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Component
Total body |
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What is the component approach?
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body segments reviewed and rated separately
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What is the total body (composite) approach?
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entire body receives a total score (stage)
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Immature walking
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8 to 17 months
quick, short, rigid/independent steps wide base support high guard arm position flat feet/ toes out |
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Mature walking
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Begin 4 to 5 years.
Narrow stance/increase balance Decrease toe-out/increase heel toe action. Alternating legs and arms Stride length/speed increase/ |
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What are some rate controllers in immature walking?
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Contralateral legs
Limb strength Balance(single leg) |
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What are the progressive arm indicators of walking?
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High
Middle Low Flex Reciprocal |
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Regression of walking
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60yrs+
Decrease stride length Increase toe-out Decrease pelvic rotation decrease gait speed |
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What are the rate controllers of the regressions of walking?
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Increase disease/injury/pain
decrease muscle mass (MM) decrease balance increase fear |
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What are the two running phases?
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Support
Recovery |
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Support phase
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Absorbes contact.
Support body. Maintain forward motion Accelerates body's center of gravity. |
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Recovery phase
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Leg quickly brought forward.
More efficient as runner improves. |
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Regression in running
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Decrease knee flexion.
Decrease stride length. Slower turnover. |
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Why is strength an important rate controller of running?
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needed to propel the body into air and catch body weight (impact=3BW).
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Standing Long Jump
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Body projected in air.
force generated by one or two feet/ land on both feet |
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What are the four phases of the standing long jump?
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1. Preparatory
2. Takeoff 3. Flight 4. Landing |
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Jumping Constraints
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changes due to growth in body size, strength and experience.
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Hopping
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Jumping with rhythm, one foot to same foot.
begin 3 years have preferred foot |
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Galloping
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Asymmetric gait
combo of running and leaping emerges shortly after running preferred lead foot. |
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Sliding
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Similar to gliding
Face to side |
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Skipping
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most difficult locomotor skill.
alternating step-hop. uneven rhythmically pattern. |