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136 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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ASEPSIS
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freedom from infection or infectious material
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SURGICAL ASEPSIS
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sterile technique; practices keeping an area or object free of all micro-organisms
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SYSTEMIC INFECTION
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infection where pathogens spread and damage different parts of the body
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CLEAN WOUND
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free of potentially infectious agents
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TERTIARY INTENTION HEALING
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healing occurs in wounds left open 3-5 days, then closed with sutures, staples etc.
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SEROSANGUINOUS EXUDATES
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inflammatory material consisting of a combination of clear and blood-tinged drainage
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ACQUIRED IMMUNITY
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passive immunity; a resistance of the body to infection in which the host receives matural or artificial antibodies produced by another source.
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ACTIVE IMMUNITY
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a resistance of the body to infection in which the host produces its own antibodies in response to natural or artificial antigens.
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ACUTE INFECTION
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an infection that generally appear suddenly or last a short time.
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AIRBORNE PRECAUTIONS
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methods used to reduce exposure to infectious agents transmitted by airborne droplet nuceli smaller than 5 microns
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AIRBORNE TRANSMISSION
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infectious agent transmitted by droplets or dust (to be inhaled)
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ANTIBODIES
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immunoglobulins, part of the body's plasma proteins, defend primarily against the extracelllular phases of bacterial and viral infections
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ANTIGEN
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a substance capable of inducing the formation of antibodies.
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ANTISEPTICS
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agents that inhibit the growth of some microorganisms.
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AUTOANTIGEN
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an antigen that originates in a persons's own body
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BACTEREMIA
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bacteria in the blood
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BACTERIA
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the most common infection-causing microorganisms
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BACTERIOCINS
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substances produced by some normal flora (e.g., enterobacteria), that can be lethal to related strains of bacteria.
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BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS
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those microorganisms carried in the blood and body fluids that are capable of infecting other persons with serious and difficult to treat viral infections, namely Hep B virus, Hep C virus, and HIV
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BODY SUBSTANCE ISOLATION
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(BSI) generic infection control precautions for all clients except those with diseases transmitted through the air
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CARRIER
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a person or animal that harbors a specific infectious agent and serves as a potential source of infection, yet does not manifest any clinical signs of disease (typhoid Mary)
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CELLULAR IMMUNITY
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cell-mediated defenses: occurs through the T-cell system
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CHEMOTAXIS
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the action by which leukocytes are attracted to injured cells.
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CHRONIC INFECTION
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infection that occures slowly, over a very long period, and may last for months to years.
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CICATRIX
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scar
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CLEAN
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free of potentially infectious agents
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COLONIZATION
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the presence of organisms in body secretions or excretions in which strains of bacteria become resident flora but do not cause illness
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COMMUNICABLE DISEASE
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a disease that can spread from one person to another
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COMPROMISED HOST
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any person at increased risk for an infection
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CONTACT PRECAUTIONS
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methods used to reduce exposure to infectious agents easily transmitted by direct client contact or by contact with items in the client's environment
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CULTURES
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laboratory cultivations of microorganisms in a special growth medium.
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DIAPEDESIS
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the movement of blood cells through a blood vessel wall (WBC's)
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DIRTY
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denotes the likely pressence of microorganisms, some of which may be capable of causing infection.
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DISINFECTANTS
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agents that destroy pathogens other than spores.
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DROPLET NUCLEI
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residue of evaporated droplets that remains in the air for long peroiods of time.
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DROPLET PRECAUTIONS
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methods used to reduce exposure to infectious agents transmitted by particle droplets larger than 5 microns
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EMIGRATION
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process in which leukocytes move through the blood vessel wall into the affected tissure spaces
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ENDOGENOUS
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developing from within
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EXOGENOUS
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developing from without, outside sources.
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EXUDATE
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material, such as fluid and cells, that has escaped from blood vessels during the inflammatory process and is deposited in tissure or on tissue surfaces.
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FIBRINOGEN
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a plasma protein that is converted to frbrin when it is released into the tissues and, together with thromboplastin and platelets, forms an interlacing network making a barrier to wall off an area.
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FIBROUS (SCAR) TISSUE
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connective tissue repair of wounds with tissue that canproliferate under condition of ischemia and altered pH.
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FUNGI
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infection-causing microorganisms that inclued yeasts and mold.
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GRANULATION TISSUE
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newly formed connective tissue with new capillaries formed in the wound healing process
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HUMORAL IMMUNITY
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(circulating immunity) antibody-mediated defense; resides ultimately in the B lymphocytes and is mediated by antibodies produced by B cells
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HYPEREMIA
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increased blood flow to an area
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IATROGENIC INFECTION
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infections that are the direct result of diagnostic or therapeutic procedures
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IMMUNE DEFENSES
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(specific defenses)immune functions directed against identifiable bacteria, viruses, fungi or other infectious agents
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IMMUNITY
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a specific resistance of the body to infection; it may be natural,or resistance developed after exposure to a disease agent.
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INFECTION
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the disease process produced by microorganisms
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INFLAMMATION
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(inflammatory response) local and nonspecific defensive tissue response to injury or destruction of cells.
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ISOLATION
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practices that prevent the spread of infection and communicable disease
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LEUKOCYTES
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white blood cells (WBC's)
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LEUKOCYTOSIS
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an increase in the number of WBC's
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LOCAL INFECTION
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an infection that is limited to the specific part of the gody where the microorganisms remain
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MACROPHAGES
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large phagocytes
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MARGINATION
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the aggregating or lining up of substances along a surface or edge (e.g., the lining up of the WBC's against the wall of a blood vessel during the inflammatory process)
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MEDICAL ASEPSIS
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all practices intended to confine a specific microoganism to a specific area, limiting the number, growth, and spread of microorganisms
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NONSPECIFIC DEFENSES
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bodily defenses that protect a person against all microorganisms, regardless of prior exposure
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NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS
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infections associated with the delivery of health care services in a health care facility
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OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE
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skin, eye, mucous membrane, or parenternal contact with blood or other potentially infectious materials that may result fromthe performance of an employee's duties.
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OPPORTUNISTIC PATHOGEN
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a microorganism causing diseas only in susceptible induviduals
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PARASITES
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microorganisms that live in or on another organism from which it obtains nourishment
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PATHOGENICITY
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the ability to produce disease; a pathogen is a microorganism that causes disease
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PHAGOCYTES
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White Blood Cells that ingest microorganisms, other cells, cellular debris, and foreign particles
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RESERVIOR
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a source of microorganism, area of concentration that allows them to survive
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RESIDENT FLORA
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microorganisms that normally reside on the skin, mucous membranes, and inside respriatory, reproductive or gastrointestinal tracts--normal to area without causing disease if allowed to maintain consitant habitat
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SEPSIS
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the presence of pathogenic organisms or their toxins in the blood or body tissues-SYSTEMIC INFECTION
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SEPTICEMIA
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occurs when bacteremia results in systemic infection
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STERILE FIELD
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a specified area that is considered free from microorganisms
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STERILIZATION
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a process that destroys all microorganisms, including spores and viruses
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UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS
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(UP) techniques to be used with all clients to decrease the risk of transmitting unidentified pathogens; currently, Standard Precautions incorporate UP and BSI
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VECTOR-BOURNE TRANSMISSION
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a vector is an animal, flying or crawling insect that serves as an imermediate means of transporting the infectious agent (mosquito)
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VEHICLE-BORNE TRANSMISSION
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a vehicle is any substance that serves as an intermediate means to transport and introduce an infecrious agent into a susceptible host trough a suitable portal of entry. inannimate object-
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VIRULENCE
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ability to produce disease--strength or toxicity
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VIRUSES
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nucleic acid-based infectious agents, particles NOT CELLS
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BACTERICIDAL
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bacteria -killing action
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CALLUS
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a thickened portion of the skin, protective response of skin
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CLEANING BATH
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a type of bath given chiefly for hygiene purposes
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CORN
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a conical, circular, painful, raised area on the toe or foot, callus skin that anchors in deeper tissues due to repetitive abraision/pressure over a specific area of wear.
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DANDRUFF
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dry or greasy, scaly cells sloughed from the scalp skin
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DENTAL CARIES
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tooth decay
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FISSURES
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deep grooves, frequently occur between the toes as a result of dryness and cracking of the skin
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GINGIVAL
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of or relating to the gums
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HIRSUTISM
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abnormal hariness, particularly in women (e.g., facial hair that becomes more pronounced after menopause)
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HYGIENE
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the science of health and its maintenance
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INGROWN TOENAIL
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the growing inward of the nail into the soft tissues around it, most often results from impoper nail trimming
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PEDICULOSIS
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infestation with head lice
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PLANTAR WARTS
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a wart on the plantar side of the foot
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SCABIES
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a contagious skin infestation caused by an arachnid, the itch mite
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SEBUM
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the oily, lubricating secretio of glands in the skin call sebacous glands
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SUDORIFEROUS GLANDS
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glands of the dermis that secrete sweat. sweat glands
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THERAPUTIC BATHS
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given for physical effects, such as to soothe irritated skin or to treat a specific area
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TICKS
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small grey-brown parasites that bite into tissue and suck blood and transmit several diseases to people, in particular Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever, Lyme disease, and Tularemia
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TINEA PEDIS
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athlete's foot, (ringworm of the foot) which is caused by a fungus
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AEROBIC
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requiring oxygen
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ANAEROBIC
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involves activity inwhich the muscles cannot draw out enough oxygen from the blood stream, used in endurance training-- non aeorbic/with out oxygen. can partain to cellular activity that continues with out the benefit of oxygen
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APPROXIMATED
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closed tissue surfaces, well aligned.
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BANDAGE
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a strip of cloth used to wrap some part of the body, use in wound dressing
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BINDER
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a type of bandage applied to large body areas (abdomen or chest) or for a specific body part (arm sling); used to provide support
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COLLAGEN
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protein found in connective tissue; a whitish protein substance that adds tensile strength to a wound
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COMPRESS
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a moist gauze dressing applied frequently to an open wound, sometimes medicated.
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DEBRIDEMENT
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removal of infected or nacrotic tissue
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DECUBITUS ULCER / PRESSURE ULCER
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any lesion caused by unrelieved pressure that results in damage to underlying tissue; bed sore, pressure sore
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DEHISCENCE
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the partial or total rupturing of a sutured wound;usually involves and abdominal woujd in which the layers below the skin also separate
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ESCHAR
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thick necrotic tissue produced by burning, by a corrosive application, or by death of tissue associated with loss of vascular supply, bacterial invasion or putrifaction
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EVISCERATION
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extrusion of the internal organs.
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EXCORIATION
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loss of superficial layers of the skin
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FIBRIN
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an insoluble protein formed from fibrinogen during the blood clotting process, or if the cells are irritated or broken
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FRICTION
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rubbing; the force that opposes motion
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HEMATOMA
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a collection of blood in a tissue, organ, or space due to a break in the wall of a blood vessel- bruise
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HEMORRHAGE
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excessive loss fo blood from the vascular system
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HEMORRHAGIC EXUDATE / SANGUINEOUS EXUDATE
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an exudate, a drainage containing large amounts of red blood cells
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HEMOSTASIS
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cessation of bleeding
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IMMOBILITY
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prescribed or unavoidable restriction of movement in any area of a person's life
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IRRIGATION (lavage)
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the washing out or flushing of a body cavity, organ, or wound by a stream of water or other fluid which may or may not be medicated
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ISCHEMIA
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deficiency of blood supply caused by obstruction of circulation to the body part
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KELOID
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a hypertrophic scar containing an abnormal amount of collagen
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MACERATION
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the wasting away or softening of a solid as if by the action of soaking; often used to describe degenerative changes and eventual disintegration
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MANOMETER
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an instrument used to measure the pressure of gluids or gases
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PACKING
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filling an open wound, cavity or area with a material such as gauze
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PHAGOCYTOSIS
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the process by which cells engulf microorganisms, other cells or foreign particles
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PRESSURE
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a compressing downward force on a body area
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PRIMARY INTENTION HEALING
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tissue surfaces are approximated (closed) and there is minimal or no tissue loss, formation ofminimal granulation tissue and scarring
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PURULENT EXUDATES
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an exudate, drainage, containg leukocytes, liquified and dead tissue debris and dead and living bacteria
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PUS
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a thick liquid associated with inflammation and composed of cells, liquid, microorganisms and tissue debris
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PYOGENIC BACTERIA
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bacteria that produce pus
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REACTIVE HYPEREMIA
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a brigh red flush on the skin occurring after pressure is relieved.
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REGENERATION
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renewal, growth, the replacement of destroyed tissue cells by cells that are identical or similar in structure and function
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SECONDARY INTENTION HEALING
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wound in which the tissue surfaces are not approximated and there is extensive tissue loss; formation of excessive granulation tissue and scarring
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SEROUS EXUDATE
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inflammatory material-drainage- composed of serum, (clear portion of the blood) derived from the blood and serous membranes of the body such as the peritoneum, pleura, pericardium, and meninges; watery in appearance and has few cells
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SHEARING FORCE
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a combination of friction and pressure which when applied to the skin results in damage to the blood vessels and tissues.
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SITZ BATH
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referred to as a hip bath, is used to soak a client's pelvic area, (a form of theraputic bath)
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SUPPURATION
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the formation of pus
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VASOCONSTRICTION
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a decrease in the caliber (lumen) of the blood vessel
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VASODIALATION
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an increase in the caliber (lumen) of the blood vessels
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