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66 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The nine body systems all mammals have
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Skeletal, Muscular, Digestive, Urinary, Respiratory, Circulatory, Nervous, Reproductive, Endocrine
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Reference point meaning "towards the head."
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Cranial
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Reference point meaning "towards the tail."
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Caudal
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Referene point meaning "towards back."
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Dorsal
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Reference point meaning "toward belly."
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Ventral
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System involved with internal and external movement, also reserves
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Muscular System
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The muscular system takes up about ___% of the horses total body weight
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50
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This type of muscle is non striated, involuntary, found in organs
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Smooth muscle
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This type of muscle is both smooth and striated, involuntary
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Cardiac muscle
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This type of muscle found along the skeletal system, voluntary
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Striated
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Type I or Type II?
"slow twitch", doesn't bulk up, Arabians have more of this |
Type I
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Type I or Type II?
"fast twitch", bulky muscle, Draft horses |
Type II
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The function of this body system is to shape the body, protection of organs, and also reseverves of Calcium, Phosphorus, Fat, WBC
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Skeletal System
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Bone size and position help to create a horse's
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Conformation
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Describes the constantly remodelling quality of bones; breaking down and rebuilding depending on cells and nutrients and physical activity (concussion)
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Dynamic Structure
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Occurs when splint bone tears from bone, the bone works a little too hard to fix it, and winds up fusing the splint to the bone
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"Popping a splint"
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4 types of bone?
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Long, short, flat, irregular
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Name 5 components of the skeletal system.
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Bones, cartilege, joints, ligaments, and tendons
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Head, cervical, thoracic, lumbar, Sacral, Coccygeal are all in terms of the body
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Axial
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Forelimbs and hind limbs are all in terms of the body
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Appendicular
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3 types of joints?
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Fibrous, Cartilagenous, and Synovial
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These joints have no joint cavity, are held together by tissue, don't move.
Ex: teeth, skull |
Fibrous
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These joints don't have a joint cavity, but have some movement
Ex: pelvis, vertebrae |
Cartilagenous
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These joints offer the most movement, have a joint cavity
Ex: fetlock |
Synovial
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The function of this body system is to process (liquid) body waste.
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Urinary System
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4 components of the urinary system
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Kidneys, ureter, bladder, urethra
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4 components of pee
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Nitrogenous wastes, salts, sugars, water
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The function of this body system is to take in oxygen and remove CO2, blood carries oxygen from lungs to tissues, etc
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Respiratory System
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6 components of respiratory system
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Nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs
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This part of the respiratory system leads to the lungs and digestive system
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Pharynx
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The vocal box
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Larynx
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Connects larynx to the lungs
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Trachea
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"The act of breathing."
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Respiration
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Contraction of diaphragm
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Inspiration
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Relaxation of diaphragm
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Experation
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Maximum respiration for horses
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240-250 rpm
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Normal resp rate
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8-16 rpm
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Technical term for heaves
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
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A 1:1 synchronization for efficiency means
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# of strides = # of breaths
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The main function of this body system is to distribute blood.
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Circulatory System
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The circulatory system is composed of 3 parts, the
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Heart, veins, and arteries
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How much does the average horse heart weigh?
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7 lbs
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Bloods consists of ___, ____, and ___
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Plasma, RBC, and WBC
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4 components of plasma
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water, nutrients, protien, hormones
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The main funtion of this body system is to convert feed into energy.
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Digestive system
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Having only one compartment to the stomach
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Non-ruminant
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How do you describe horses as digesters?
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Non-ruminant hind-gut fermentors
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A horse's digestive system is basically a ___ ft long tube running from mouth to anus.
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100
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7 parts of the digestive tract
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mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, secum, large intestine, anus
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The function of this body system is to supply information throughout the body.
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Nervous system
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The nervous system supplies information through ____ and ____ changes
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electrical, chemical
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4 parts of nervous system
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Brain, spinal cord, nerve fibers, sensory receptors
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2 main portions of nervous system
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Autonomic & Central
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The function of this body system is to produce through a series of ductless glands internal secretions that influence the horse from birth til death
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Endocrine System
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Gland that produces ADH and Oxytocin
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Posterior pituitary
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Growth hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone, leutinizing hormone
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Anterior pituitary
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Responsible for melatonin synthesis, photoreceptive basis, gonads.
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Pineal gland
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Secretes thyroxin which regulates the metabolism
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thyroid
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This gland increases calcium and phosphate levels in the body
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parathyroid
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Produces insulin to lower blood glucose
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Pancreas
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controls the pituitary gland
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hypothalamus
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The sole function of this body system is to create new organisms of the same species
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Reproductive system
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Parts of the mare's reproductive system
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Ovaries, Fallopian tubes, Uterus
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Houses, produces, releases eggs
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ovaries
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Place where fertilization occurs, connects ovaries to uterus
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Fallopian Tubes
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Parts of the stallion's reproductive system
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Two testes, accessory sex glands like siminal vesicles and prostate, tubules
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