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128 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Levator Scapula
O.1 I. 1 A. 5 |
O. Transverse processes of C1-C4
I. Superior Angle of scapula A. 1) Elevates scapula 2) Downwardly rotates scapula 3) Extends neck to same side 4)Laterally flexes neck to same side 5) Rotates neck to same side |
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Teres Major
O. 1 I. 1 A. 3 |
O. Inferior lateral border of scapula
I. Medial lip of the bicipital groove of the humerus A. 1) Adducts shoulder 2) Extends shoulder 3) Internally rotates shoulder |
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Teres Minor
O. 1 I. 1 A. 4 |
O. Superior lateral border of scapula I. Greater tubercle of humerus
A. 1) Externally rotates shoulder 2) Adducts shoulder 3) Extends shoulder 4) Horizontally abducts shoulder |
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Subscapularis
O. 1 I. 1 A. 1 |
O. Subscapular fossa of scapula
I. Lesser tubercle of the humerus A. Internally rotates the shoulder |
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Supraspinatus
O. 1 I. 1 A. 1 |
O. Supraspinatus fossa of the scapula
I. Greater tubercle of the humerus A. Initiates abduction of the shoulder |
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Pectoralis Minor
O. 1 I. 1 A. 3 |
O. Ribs 3,4,5
I. Coracoid process of scapula A. 1) Protracts scapula 2) Depresses scapula 3) Elevates ribs 3,4,5 |
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Pectoralis Major
O. 3 I. 1 A. 6 |
O. Medial clavicle / sternum / costal cartilages of ribs 1-7
I. Lateral lip of the bicipital groove of the humerus A. Flexes shoulder / Extends shoulder from overhead position / Adducts shoulder from below shoulder height / Abducts the shoulder from above shoulder height / Internally rotates the shoulder / Horizontally adducts the shoulder |
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Deep Six Lateral Rotators In Descending Order
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Piriformis
Gemellus Superior Obturator Internus Gemellus Inferior Obturator Externus Quatratus Femoris |
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Biceps Femoris
O. 2 I. 2 A. 4 |
O. Long head: ischial tuberosity
Short head: lateral lip of linea aspera I. 1) Head of Fibula 2) Lateral condyle of Tibia A. 1) Extends Hip 2) Externally rotates hip 3) Flexes knee 4) Externally rotates flexed knee |
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Rectus Femoris
O. 2 I. 1 A. 2 |
O. 1) Ilium AIIS 2) upper rim of acetabulum
I. Tibial tuberosity vis patellar tendon A. 1) Flexes the hip 2) Extends the knee |
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Gluteus Maximus
O. 4 I. 2 A. 4 |
O. 1) posterior iliac crest 2) posterior sacrum 3) coccyx 4) lumbar aponeurosis
I. 1) Femur, gluteal tuberosity 2) lateral tibial condyle via IT band A. 1) Extends hip 2) Externally rotates hip 3) Abducts the hip (upper fibers) 4) Adducts the hip ( lower fibers) |
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Gluteus Medius
O. 1 I. 1 A. 5 |
O. Ilium, external surface between iliac crest & anterior and posterior gluteal lines
I. Lateral surface of greater trochanter (femur) A. 1) Abducts hip 2) Flexes hip (anterior fibers) 3) Internally rotates hip (anterior fibers) 4) Extends hip (posterior fibers) 5) Externally rotates hip (posterior fibers) |
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Gluteus Minimus
O. 1 I. 1 A. 3 |
O. Ilium, external surface between anterior and inferior gluteal lines
I. Anterior border of greater trochanter (femur) A. 1) Abducts the hip 2) Internally rotates the hip 3) Slightly flexes the hip |
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Piriformis
O. 1 I. 1 A. 2 |
O. Sacrum, anterior surface
I. Superior border of greater trochanter (Femur) A. 1) Externally rotates the hip 2) Abducts the hip |
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Semitendinosis
O. 1 I. 1 A. 4 |
O. Ishial tuberosity (ishium)
I. Tibia, medial shaft via pes anserine tendon A. 1) Extends hip 2) Internally rotates the hip 3) Flexes knee 4) Internally rotates flexed knee |
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Gastrocnemius
O. 2 I. 1 A. 2 |
O. Medial Head: femur, posterior medial condyle
Lateral head: femur, posterior lateral condyle I. Calcaneous, posterior surace via Achilles tendon A. 1) Plantarflexes the ankle 2) Flexes the knee |
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Anterior Scalene
O. 4 I. 1 A. 4 |
O. C3, C4, C5, C6- TVP's
I. 1st rib, upper inner edge A. 1) Flexes head and neck 2) Laterally Flexes the head 3) Rotates the head and neck toward opposite side 4) Elevates 1st rib during forced exhalation |
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Sternocleidomastoid (SCM)
O. 2 I. 2 A. 4 |
O. Sternal Head, superior manubrium
Clavicular Head, medial 1/3 I. Temporal: lateral mastoid process Occipital: Lateral 1/2 superior nuchal line A. 1) extends the head and upper cervicals 2) flexes the neck 3) laterally flexes the head and neck 4) rotates the head and neckto opposite side |
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Splenius Capitis
O. 5 I. 2 A. 3 |
O. Nuchal ligament and C7, T1, T2, T3-spinous processes
I. 1) Mastoid process of the temporal bone 2) Occiput, lateral portion of superior nuchal line A. 1) extends head and neck 2) laterally flexes head and neck 3) rotates head and neck toward same side |
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Suboccipital Group
general OIA's |
O. C1, C2 TVP's and SP's
I. Occiput, nuchal line A. extend, rotate, and laterally flex the head |
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Forearm Flexor Group
O and A |
O. Humerus, Medial Epicondyle
A. Flex the forearm |
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Forearm Extensor Group
O and A |
O. Humerus, Lateral Epicondyle
A. Extend the forearm |
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Pronator Teres
O. 2 I. 1 A. 2 |
O. Humeral Head: medial epicondyle
Ulnar Head: medial aspect of coronoid process I. Middle 1/3 of lateral radius A. 1) pronates the forearm 2) assists in flexing the elbow |
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Quadratus Lumborum
O. 2 I. 5 A. 3 |
O. 1) Posterior Iliac crest 2) iliolumbar ligament
I. L1, L2, L3, L4 TVP's and Inferior border of 12th rib A. 1) extends vertebral column 2) laterally flexes the vertebral column 3) Depresses/fixes the last rib during inhalation |
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Multifidi
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O. L5-C4 TVP's, posterior sacrum, posterior iliac spine
I. L5-C2 SP's Span 2-4 vertebrae above A. 1) Extends vertebral column 2) Rotates vertebra toward opposite side |
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Injury to the cervical spine and associated musculoskeletal structures due to rapid hyperflexion/hyperextension injury.
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Whiplash
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May also be called Brachial Neuralgia. Compression of the brachial plexus, suclavian vein, or subclavian artery.
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Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
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Thoracic Outlet Syndrome: Compression of brachial plexus composed of what spinal nerves?
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C5 to T1
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What is a progressive limitation of the glenohumeral joint where the joint capsule adheres to itself?
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Adhesive Capsulitis or Frozen Shoulder
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What is displacement of the humeral head from the glenohumeral joint by a traumatic cause?
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Dislocated shoulder
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Where is the most common dislocation of the shoulder?
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Subcoracoid:
The head of the humerus displaces anteriorly and inferiorly so it lies just below the corocoid process. |
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What are the 2 main causes of epicondylitis?
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Overuse and repetition
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Golfer's elbow
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Medial Epicondylitis
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Tennis Elbow
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Lateral Epicondylitis
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5 Muscles involved in Medial Epicondylitis?
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Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
Palmaris Longus Flexor Carpi Radialis Flexor Digitorum Superficialis Profundus |
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4 Muscles involved in Lateral Epicondylitis?
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Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
Extensor Digitorum Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis |
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Compression of the median nerve caused by a thickening of the transverse carpal ligament/ flexor retinaculum results in ______.
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Carpal Tunnel
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The Sciatic Nerve Course?
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L4, L5, S1, S2, S3
Originates at the sciatic foramen, to the piriformis muscle, down the posterior aspect of the leg and splits at the knee. |
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True Sciatica can be caused by?
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1) a disc problem
2) pelvic tumor 3) trauma 4) contracted piriformis muscle 5)spondylosis 6) spondylolisthesis |
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A trigger point in which muscle can mimic sciatic pain?
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Gluteus minimus
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Medial Collateral Ligament
(tibial collateral ligament) Origin and Insertion? |
O. medial femoral epicondyle
I. Medial tibial plateau |
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Lateral Collateral Ligament
(fibular collateral ligament) Origin and Insertion? |
O. lateral epicondyle of the femur
I. lateral surface of head of the fibula |
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Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL)
Origin and Insertion? |
O. Posterior intracondylar groove of the femur
I. anterior tibial plataeu |
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Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL)
Origin and Insertion? |
O. posterior intracondylar aspect of the tibia
I. medial aspect of the ACL to the anterior aspect of the medial femoral condyle |
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What 3 structures are involved in the terrible triad injury?
(caused by a severe lateral blow to the knee) |
medial collateral ligament MCL
medial meniscus anterior cruciate ligament ACL |
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A trigger point in what muscle can cause the knee to lock?
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Vastus Lateralis
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A trigger point in what muscle can cause the knee to buckle?
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Vastus Medialis
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In a knee injury which quadriceps muscle would be first to atrophy and why?
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Vastus Medialis
due to its attachment |
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Valgus Stress
(Genu Valgum) |
Knock kneed
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Varus Stress
(Genu Varum) |
Bow Legged
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Genu Recurvatum
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Hyperextended knee
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In whiplash hyperextension injury what muscles/ligaments would commonly be affected?
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anterior longitudinal ligament
temporomandibular ligament longus colli SCM scalenes |
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With whiplash hyperflexion injury which muscles/ligaments would you treat?
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Transversospinalis muscles: rotatores, interspinales, and intertransverserii.
Posterior cervical neck muscles: erector spinae (spinalis, longisimus, & multifidus) splenius capitis and cervicis, semispinalis, trapezius, and levator scapula. |
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Name the 5 signs of inflammation.
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swelling
heat redness a loss of function pain |
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Whiplash is a contraindication for massage for how long?
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48 hours
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In the acute phase of whiplash you should not position the client in____.
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Prone
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What are the two tests for whiplash called?
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Compression test
Distraction test |
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What are the 2 tests for scalenes in Thoracic Outlet Syndrome?
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Adson's Test
Modified Adson's test |
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Explain how to perform Adson's test for anterior scalene.
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While client sits with arms at sides, therapist takes client's arm first into abduction, then extention, and finally lateral rotation. Feel for pulse at wrist. Have client hold breath and rotate head towards testing arm. If pulse decreases or slows the test is positive.
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In hyperextension injury the progression of torn muscles is from ______ to ________.
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anterior to posterior
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In hyperflexion injury the progression of torn muscles is from _______ to ________.
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posterior to anterior
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Whiplash:
Special consideration and contraindications for massage? |
-contraindicated for first 48 hours
-make sure x-rays have been taken -avoid torquing the neck -do not position client in prone |
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What is the vascular flush ratio?
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3 cold,1 warm, 3 cold
3:1:3 |
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What is the most common cervical rib?
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C7
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Thoracic outlet syndrome affects what 2 nerves and what 3 digits?
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Ulnar and median nerve
digits 3-5 |
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3 complaints for Thoracic outlet syndrome?
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-absent or weak radial pulse
-edema or discoloration of the hands -pain or numbness in digits 3-5 |
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What are the tests for thoracic outlet syndrome?( there are 4)
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-Adison's test (anterior scalene)
-Modified Adison's test (middle scalene) -Hyperabduction test (pec. minor) -Wright's (pec. minor) |
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Special consideration or contraindication for Thoracic outlet syndrome?
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Never allow the arms to hang off the table.
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In frozen shoulder, trigger points in which muscle limit adduction?
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subscapularis
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Frozen shoulder causes limited range of motion especially in _____ and______.
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abduction and external rotation
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Frozen Shoulder, Special positioning/considerations for massage:
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prone with arm under hip and get consent before treating subscapularis as it may be uncomfortable to the client.
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3 tests for frozen shoulder:
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-Apprehension test (previous shoulder dislocation)
-Empty can test (rotator cuff tear) -Drop arm test (rotator cuff tear) |
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Short term goal for epicondylitis?
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to decrease pain and inflammation and also to remove fibrosis to preserve mobility to begin exercise.
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Long term goal for epicondylitis?
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to strengthen affected structures to prevent recurrence.
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Epicondylitis tests?
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compress 1" distal to epicondyle ( pain = + result)
also: pain on palpation, passive stretching and resisted action |
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After XFF treatment of epicondylitis client must rest the affected area for________.
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48 hours
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true sciatica is of a ________ origin and pseudosciatica is of a __________ and _________ origin.
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true sciatica is of a neurologic origin and pseudosciatica is of a myofascial and ligamentous origin.
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Sciatica: List Causes
(Patrick listed 7) |
irritation/inflammation of nerve root
Spondylosis, degenerative joint disease, disc diseases (inc. herniation and rupture, sacroilliac sprain (rotation injury), direct trauma, tumor |
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Sciatica: Complaints
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Shooting pain in sciatic nerve distribution (posterior leg splitting at the knee)
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The sacrotuberous ligament attaches at the ______ and _______.
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Sacrum and Ischial Tuberosity
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Sciatica: Tests
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Straight Leg Raise
Kernig Test |
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Sciatica: describe straight leg raise test and what it's testing for.
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straight leg raise:Testing for nerve involvement. client supine, raise straight leg to 45 degrees. force dorsiflexion. Positive if Px runs down the leg.
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Sciatica: describe Kernig test and what its testing for.
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Kernig Test: for meningeal, nerve root, & dural irritation.
Client supine, passively raise their head and shoulders off table. Positive menigeal if hip flexion occurs. Px in LB or shooting= positive for nerve root irritation. |
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Sciatica: Massage position
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sidelying or 3/4 prone
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Sciatica: massage contraindications
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no long strokes using compression on legs, (due to nerve traction)
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Lumbar Sprain/Strain: what is it?
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microtrauma to muscles & ligaments & joint capsules in lumbar region
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What is the difference between strain and sprain?
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strain=muscles, tendons
sprain=ligaments, joint capsules |
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Lumbar Strain/Sprain: Causes
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Direct Trauma & Bending esp. trunck rotation while going into extension.
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Lumbar Strain/Sprain:Complaints
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sudden onset
Px across lumbar area radiating to gluteals trunk flexion |
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Lumbar Strain/Sprain: Tests?
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Kernig Test
Straight Leg Test (hamstrings/sciatic nerve) |
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Lumbar Strain/Sprain: describe massage in acute stage
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Light pressure, minimal work at affected area, max 10 minutes affected area
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Name 3 muscles that cross over the sacroilliac joint?
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Psoas, Glut MAx, multifidus
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2 most common LB Px muscles are?
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QL and multifidus
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Medial Collateral Ligament is injured by a ______________.
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direct blow to the lateral knee
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Lateral Collateral Ligament is rarely injured, but may be torn by______________.
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a blow to the medial knee
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Anterior Cruciate Ligament is damaged by_____________.
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hyperextension trauma
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Posterior Cruciate Ligament may be damaged from_______________.
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excessive force in a posterior direction on a flexed knee.
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Terrible triad injury is caused by___.
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a severe lateral blow to the knee joint
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Sprained Knee: complaints
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altered gait, or a limp. lateral rotation on injured side
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Sprained Knee: Tests (there are 8)
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McMurrys, Apleys compression, Apleys distraction, anterior draw, posterior draw, valgus stress, varus stress, Lachmans
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Sprained Knee: describe mcmurrays test and what it tests for.
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torn meniscus: client supine, slightly flex hip & knee, laterally rotate hip while dropping knee into extension. pop or click = positive for torn meniscus
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Sprained Knee: describe Apley's Compression test and what it test for.
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test for meniscal injuries. client is prone. knee is flexed, press down on the foot to grind the tibia into the femur. (positive if there is Px)
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Sprained Knee: describe Apley's distraction test and what it tests for.
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test for ligament damage. client prone, knee flexed, pull up on ankle while holding femur down to traction ALL ligaments.
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What knee test, tests for damage to all ligaments?
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Apley's distraction
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Sprained Knee: describe Anterior Draw test and what it tests for.
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test for ACL. client supine, flex hip and knee, sit on their foot, interlace your fingers behind the tibia and pull towards yourself. (positive if there is a depression in the patellar ligament or excessive play)
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Sprained Knee: describe Posterior Draw test and what it tests for.
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test for PCL. client prone with knee and hip in flexion, sit on their foot, push the tibia just below the knee. (positive if there is a bend or buckle in the patellar ligament)
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Sprained Knee: describe Valgus Stress test and what it tests for.
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test for MCL. client supine, flex hip, push on the outside of the knee while pulling from the inside ankle to put the knee in a valgus position. (positive if excessive play)
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Sprained KNee: describe the Varus stress test and what it tests for.
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test for LCL. client is supine, slighly flex and abduct hip, push ankle with one hand while pulling knee joint with the other hand. (positive if there is excessive play)
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Sprained KNee: describe the Lachman's test and what it tests for.
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ACL test. client is supine, hip & knee flexed and their foot is resting on your knee, hold femur still and pull the tibia anterior and posterior (NOT superior/inferior) looking for excessive play in the joint.
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Caution: Knee massage is contraindicated for__________ after a cortisone injection.
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3 days
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Sprained KNee: Acute knee massage position?
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client is supine with knee supported and elevated.
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Whiplash: describe Compression test and what it tests for.
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test for nerve root compression, joint compression, muscle spasm. client sits erect. press down on their head. + result is Px
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Whiplash: describe distraction test and what it tests for.
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tests for joint compression, nerve root compression, muscle spasm. client sits erect. pull up on their head with your hands cupping ears. + result = Px reduction
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Thoracic Outlet Syndrome: Adson's test describe and identify what it tests for.
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anterior scalenes. client sits, arm hangs at side, take arm into abduction, then extension, then lateral rotation, feel pulse at wrist, client holds breath and turns toward you. + if pulse disappears or weakens.
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Thoracic Outlet Syndrome: Modified Adsons test, describe and identify what it tests for.
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medial scalenes. client sits, arm hangs at side, take arm into abduction, then extension, then lateral rotation, feel pulse at wrist, client holds breath and turns head away from you. + if pulse disappears or weakens.
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Thoracic Outlet Syndrome: Hyperabduction test describe and identify what it tests for
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Pec. Minor. client sits and therapist raises their arm above their head. test is positive if there is altered sensation (tingling).
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Thoracic Outlet Syndrome: Wrights Test describe and identify what it tests for
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Pec. Minor. client sits, therapist feels for pulse at wrist, while holding pulse abduct arm over head and note angle if pulse weakens or disappears. + result is weakened pulse or loss of pulse
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Dislocated Shoulder: Apprehension Test describe:
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positive for shoulder dislocation if client has a look or apprehension when arm is placed at the square.
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Dislocated Shoulder:Drop Arm Test what is it for and describe it:
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test for rotator cuff tear. client arm abducted to 90 degrees. they adduct arm. if it drops test is positive.
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Dislocated Shoulder: Empty can test what is it for and describe it:
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test for rotator cuff tear. clients arm is abducted to 90 degrees, thumb points downward and palm outward, therapist pushes arm down while supporting shoulder with the other hand. + if there is weakness or Px.
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How do you test for frozen shoulder?
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passive ROM external rotation and abduction.
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Describe the XFF Tx sequence for epicondylitis.
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XFF 1 minute on common flexor or extensor tendon, Drain 1 minute (feather light FgS one way toward heart) repeat 3x (unless Px is same or worse) followed by 30 seconds of stretch and ICE 20 min.
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Describe Palen's test for carpel Tunnel.
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Abduct arms to 90 degrees. back of hands and wrists touch. hold for 1 minute. numbness or tingling in digits 1-3 = positive.
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Describe Tinels sign for carpel tunnel.
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tap on space between the thenat eminence. zinging or shooting Px into digits 1,2,3 = positive.
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Massage Position/Caution for Carpel Tunnel
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Never let arms hang off the table.
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Carpel Tunnel Complaints:
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Numbness burning in digits 1,2,3
atrophy in thenar eminence. |
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Causes of Carpel Tunnel:
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irritation and inflammation of a tendon that passes through the tunnel.
Overuse. |
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Tendons that pass through the carpel tunnel.
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flexor digitorum superficialis, profundus, flexor Carpi radialis, flexor pollicis longus.
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