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78 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Mountain |
A terrain that has been raised high above the surrounding landscape by volcanic action or some other form of tectonic plate collisions. |
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Orogeny |
Natural mountain building |
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Types of Geologic Formations |
1. Volcanoes 2. Canyons 3. Mountains |
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Physical composition of mountains include... |
1. igneous rock 2. metamorphic rock 3. sedimentary rock |
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Highest mountains in the world |
Himalayas |
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Formed by high angle faults |
Adirondacks and Southern Rocky Mtns. |
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Folded mountains that were produced by the folding of rock layers |
The Alps and the Himalayas (formed when India collided with Asia |
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Fault block mountains are created when plane movement produces tension forces instead of compression forces. |
Mountains of Utah, Arizona and New Mexico |
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Mountains that are formed as magma tries to push up through the crust but fails to break the surface |
Dome mountains (resemble a huge blister on the Earth's surface) |
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Upward mountains that are created in association with a broad arching of the crust. Can also be formed by rock thrust upward along high angle faults. |
Black Hills of South Dakota Mtns. |
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Folding |
Mountains are produced by the folding of rock layers. Up-folded anticlines and down-folded synclines squeeze into wave-like folds. |
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Faults |
Fractures in the Earth's crust that have been created by either tension or compression forces transmitted through the crust. |
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Dip-slip Fault |
Occurs when the movement of the plates is vertical and opposite. These are classified as normal faults when the rock above the fault plane moves down relative to the rocks above. |
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Reverse Faults |
Created when the rock above the fault plane moves up relative to the rock below. Reverse faults w a very low angle to the horizontal are also referred to as thrust faults. |
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Volcanism |
Movement of magma through the crust and its emergence as lava onto the Earth's surface. |
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Volcanic Mountains |
Built up by the successive deposits of volcanic materials |
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Active volcano |
Currently erupting or building to an eruption |
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Dormant volcano |
One that is between eruptions but still shows signs of internal activity that may lead to an eruption in the future |
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Extinct Volcano |
Said to be no longer capable of erupting |
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Most active volcanoes are found here |
Along the rim of the Pacific Ocean (the Ring of Fire) |
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Shield volcanoes |
associated w quiet eruptions. Lava emerges from the vent or opening in the crater and flows freely out over the Earth's surface until it cools and hardens into a layer of igneous rock. |
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Cinder-cone volcanoes (these are relatively small but form quickly) |
Associated w explosive eruptions as lava is hurled high into the air into a spray of droplets. These droplets cool and harden into cinders and particles of ash before falling to the ground. |
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Composite volcanoes |
those built by both lava flows and layers of ash and cinders. |
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The largest shield volcano |
Hawaii |
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Composite volcanoes |
Those built by both lava flows and layers of ash and cinders. Mount Fuji in Japan Mount St. Helens in Washington Mount Vesuvius in Italy |
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Igneous Rock |
Formed when lava cools. Can occur either above or below ground |
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Intrusive Rock |
Includes any igneous rock that was formed below the Earth's surface. Bartholiths are the largest structures of intrusive rock and are composed of near-granite material |
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Extrusive Rock |
Includes any igneous rock that was formed at the Earth's surface |
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Dikes |
Old lava tubes formed when magma entered a vertical fracture and hardened |
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Sill |
Magma that squeezes btw 2 rock layers and hardens into a thin horizontal sheet |
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Laccolith |
formed like a sill, but the magma that creates a laccolith is very thick and does not flow easily. It pools and forces the overlying strata outward, creating an obvious surface dome. |
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Caldera |
Normally formed by the collapse of the top of a volcano |
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Volcanic Neck |
Inactive volcano that has magma solidified in its pipe. It is resistant to erosion and may be the only visible evidence of the past presence of an active volcano |
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New Moon |
The moon is invisible or the first signs of a crescent appear |
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Waxing Crescent |
The right crescent of the Moon is visible |
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First Quarter |
The right quarter of the Moon is visible |
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Waxing Gibbous |
Only the left crescent is not illuminated |
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Full Moon |
The entire illuminated half of the Moon is visible |
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Waning Gibbous |
Only the right crescent of the Moon is not illuminated |
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Last Quarter |
The left quarter of the Moon is illuminated |
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Waning Crescent |
Only the left crescent of the Moon is illuminated |
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Viewing the Moon from the Southern Hemisphere... |
causes phases to occur in the opposite order |
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Describe Saturn
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Gaseous, hydrogen and helium, solid inner core if iron and rocky metal, outer core of ammonia, methane and water. It is cloud covered, cold at too of clouds with a possible internal heat source. It has rings composed of ice particles. At least 60 moons
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Describe Neptune
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Had and liquid, hydrogen and methane. Possible rocky core.
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Tilted orbit, pale blue green clouds, very cold in atmosphere, very hot in ocean and core. Has rings and at least 20 moons.
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Saturn |
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What does an isotherm show?
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Temperature
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Describe Neptune
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It is made of gas an liquid, hydrogen, helium, methane, water, silicates, rock and ice core.
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Describe comets
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They originate in the kuiper belt
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Describe asteroids
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They are rocky fragments that revolve around the sun. Can impact other planets
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Describe meteors
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Bits of rocky material falling through earths atmosphere. They are heated and glow because of friction of air.
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What is the difference between meteoroids, meteors and meteorites?
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Meteoroids- in space
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Meteors-
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in earths atmosphere
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Meteorites-
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pieces that reach Earths surface
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Describe the four inner planets
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Terrestrial (or rocky) planets
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Similar in density to Earth
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Mars |
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Referred to as the rocky planets
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Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars
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Planet that is relatively small in size
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Mercury |
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Which planets spin slowly on their axis?
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The 4 inner planets. Venus, the second planet, rotates once every 243 Earth days.
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These two planets have few, if any moons
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Venus and Mercury |
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Asteroid belt
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Located between Jupiter and Mars
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Describe the outer planets
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Gas giants or Jovian planets
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Largest planet in our solar system
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Jupiter |
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Primarily composed of gas
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Jupiter and Saturn are the "Gas Giants" |
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Less dense than earth
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Mars and Saturn. Saturn is the least dense |
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Rotate rapidly on their axis
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In our solar system, the giant gas planets (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune)
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Planet with many moons
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Jupiter has about 67 moons. |
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What is a quasars maximum distance?
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One light year in diameter
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What is a barred galaxy?
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Straight center core of stArs joined together by two or more relatively straight arms
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What are the two closest galaxies to earth?
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The large and small magellanjc cloud, about 170k light years away
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What does an isodrosotherm show?
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Dew point
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What is the minimum temperature required for the fusion of hydrogen?
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5 million degrees
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What is a young star composed mostly of?
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Hydrogen
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What does the H-R diagram show?
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The relationship between a stars color, temp, and mass
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What is seasonal change on earth caused by?
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Earth's axis tilt. Different parts of the globe are tilted toward the sun at different parts of the year
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What is the name of the longest day of the year in the northern hemisphere and what day does it normally fall on?
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Summer solstice- June 21
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What Is the shortest day in the northern hemisphere?
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Winter solstice- December 21
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What day marks the beginning of spring?
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Vernal equinox- March 21
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What day marks the beginning of autumn?
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Autumnal equinox- sept 21
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