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154 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Which of the following foods is not a good source of potassium?
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A. Squash
B. 2% milk C. Whole grain pasta D. Canola oil**** |
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The syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) is characterized by excessive production of ADH. A consequence of this disorder could be
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hyponatremia.
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The two most significant extracellular ions are
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sodium and chloride.
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Sodium intake above 2000 milligrams per day may increase urinary excretion of
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calcium
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. In general, excess amounts of water-soluble vitamins are excreted via the
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kidneys.
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Which of the following meals could be consumed by a person following a low-sodium diet?
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A. Chicken noodle soup, oyster crackers, and a tossed green salad with ranch dressing
B. Chicken tenders, French fries, and sliced apples from a fast food restaurant C. A homemade chicken casserole made with canned green beans and cream of mushroom soup**** |
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All foods in their unprocessed form tend to be low in sodium except
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***A. milk and dairy products.
B. whole grains. C. legumes. D. fruits. |
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Obesity
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. is the number one lifestyle risk factor for hypertension.
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According to the RDA, the mineral that you need in the largest amount is
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calcium.
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Which statement about vitamins is true?
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Help regulate chemical reactions in the body
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Water-soluble and fat-soluble vitamins differ in which way?
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Water-soluble are less likely to be toxic
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Adult men need how much total water intake per day?
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3.7 liters
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Which of the following electrolytes is especially important for proper heart rhythm?
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Potassium
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Which of the following populations is not at risk for low blood potassium?
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Vegetarians
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Which of the following statements does not describe the role of minerals in the body?
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They provide 4 kilocalories per gram
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Aldosterone signals the kidneys to conserve
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sodium.
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Bottled water is regulated by
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. FDA.
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Joe is a wrestler and during his workouts he loses 2 pounds. How much water would he have to drink to replenish this
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4 cups
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For which of the following people are sports drinks with electrolytes most appropriate?
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An athlete who competes in a marathon
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Phosphorus deficiency is a likely result of
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vitamin D deficiency.
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Hypertension is defined as a systolic/diastolic blood pressure at or above ___________ mm Hg.
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140/90
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An adult whose blood pressure is 135/88 should do all of the following except
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A. increase his intake of fruits and vegetables.
***B. include 2 - 3 servings per day of whole milk. C. limit meat intake to 2 servings per day. D. choose whole grain products rather than refined grain products. |
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A marathon runner who consumes excessive water during a race is at risk for
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hyponatremia.
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The vitamin content of foods is diminished by all of the following except
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A. exposure to light.
B. cooking in water. ***C. freezing. D. alkalinity. |
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If the intracellular concentration of ions is greater than the extracellular concentration of ions, fluid will
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move into the cell.
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Phosphorus functions include all of the following except
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A. energy storage.
B. component of DNA and RNA. C. bone structure. D. regulation of heart rhythm.*** |
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One or two drinks per day
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A. is a reasonable alcohol intake for an adult with hypertension.
B. may reduce the risk for ischemic stroke. C. is a reasonable alcohol intake for adults of legal drinking age. D. ALL OF THE ABOVE (CORRECT). |
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Depletion of chloride is mostly likely to occur with excessive
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vomiting.
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The DASH diet for reduction of hypertension
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recommends 2 - 3 servings per day of low-fat dairy products.
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Water regulates body temperature through heat loss via
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evaporation.
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Intracellular water volume depends primarily on the concentration of
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phosphate and potassium.
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A potential consequence of consuming individual mineral supplements is
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A. lead consumption.
B. mineral toxicity. C. impaired absorption of other minerals. D. All of these choices are correct.(THIS ONE) |
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All the following are true statements regarding fat malabsorption except
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A. results in decreased absorption of fat-soluble vitamins.
B. increases the risk of fat-soluble vitamin deficiency. C. increases the risk of developing pellagra or beriberi. *** D. increases the risk of developing rickets or osteomalacia. |
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Which of the following does not describe fat-soluble vitamins?
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a. They are stored in the body
b. Excess are excreted in the urine**** c. They are transported via bloodstream d. They tend to exist in several biologically active forms |
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Potassium performs all the following functions except
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a. it maintains the ability to see at night.****
b. it maintains fluid balance. c. it assists nerve transmission. d. it maintains normal heart function. |
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trace minerals are classified in which way?
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Trace minerals are needed in amounts of 100 mg per day or less
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Symptoms of dehydration include all of the following except
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A. heat intolerance.
B. low blood pressure. C. slowed heart rate. **** D. dry skin. |
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Which of the following foods has the highest water content?
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A. Butter
B. Whole grain bread C. Tomato (this one) D. Sirloin steak |
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Adult women need how much total water intake per day?
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2.7 liters
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Of the following foods, which one is lowest in sodium?
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a. Pepperoni pizza
b. Macaroni salad c. Milk d. grape juice(this one) |
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The ratio of sodium to chloride in table salt is
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40:60
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About 95% of Americans exceed the upper level for
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sodium
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Metabolic water refers to
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water that is formed as a byproduct of the breakdown of macronutrients for energy
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Which of the following is most likely to result in vitamin toxicity if consumed daily over a long period of time?
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vitamin A supplements
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If you wanted to add significant quantities of vitamins and minerals to your diet from the food you eat, a good choice would be
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a fortified breakfast cereal such as Total Raisin Bran
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Which of the following populations is especially sodium-sensitive?
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African Americans
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For a healthy adult, the largest percentage of daily water output is attributed to
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urine
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Phosphorus deficiency is a likely result of
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vitamin D deficiency
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Which statement about vitamins is true?
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help regulate chemical reactions in the body
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Which of the following is true about the intake of vitamins?
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occasional lapses in vitamin intake should cause no harm
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The B vitamins generally function as
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coenzymes.
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Mucus, saliva, and synovial (joint) fluid exemplify water's role as a
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lubricant.
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Consumption of a diet high in salt by a healthy individual will
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increase urinary excretion of sodium.
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Which of the following is not true about the regulation of fluid in the body?
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. Thirst is a reliable indicator of how much water should be consumed to replenish body fluids
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All of the following vitamins are stored in the liver except
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A. vitamin B-6.
B. vitamin B-12. C. vitamin D. ***D. thiamin.(this is it) |
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Which of the following is not commonly present in food as a food additive?
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C. Potassium
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According to the RDA, the mineral that you need in the largest amount is
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A. iron.
B. iodine. C. calcium.(this is it) D. copper. |
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Of the following, the best source of potassium is
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A. fresh spinach.(this is it)
B. milk. C. white bread. D. canned tuna. |
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Bottled water is often lower in _______________ than municipal tap water.
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A. calcium
B. iron C. fluoride(this is it) D. All of these choices are correct. |
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Inadequate hydration may increase risk for
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A. hyponatremia.
B. kidney stones. (this one) C. hypertension. D. hypokalemia. |
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Which of the following is true about the absorption, transport, and storage of fat-soluble vitamins?
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After absorption, they are transported in the bloodstream to body cells and or stored in the liver and fatty tissue ***
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Water-soluble and fat-soluble vitamins differ in which way?
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B. Water-soluble are less likely to be toxic ***
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All of the following vitamins are stored in the liver except
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A. vitamin B-6.
B. vitamin B-12. C. vitamin D. D. thiamin.*** |
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3. Megadoses are defined as vitamin intakes ________ times the estimated human needs to prevent a deficiency.
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2 to 10 ***
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All the following are true of B vitamins except
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A. are water soluble. B. serve as coenzymes. C. can be lost during food processing and preparation. D. are stored in adipose tissue. (this one)
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What percentage of adults is sodium sensitive?
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A. 10% - 15% B. 25% - 30% C. 45% - 50% D. 70% - 75%
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Which of the following population groups requires the least sodium?
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*** C. Adults age 71 and older
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Oxalic acid can inhibit the absorption of
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*** C. calcium.
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Pellagra is characterized by all the following except
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***A. dysphagia.
B. diarrhea. C. dementia. D. dermatitis. |
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The amount of iron in the body is mostly regulated by
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absorption in the small intestine.
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Which of the following minerals is not a cofactor for enzymes used in energy metabolism?
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***A. Copper
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The nutrient essential for synthesis of several blood clotting factors is
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vitamin K.
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Functions of choline include all of the following except
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***A. red blood cell synthesis.
B. neurotransmitter synthesis. C. component of cell membranes. D. homocysteine metabolism. |
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An important role of vitamin K is the synthesis of
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prothrombin.
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Which of the following techniques is best for preserving the vitamin content of cooked broccoli?
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Steaming until crisp-tender
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Manganese functions as
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a component of many different enzymes.
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What disease is caused by a thiamin deficiency?
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Beriberi
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Which of the following is the best food source of riboflavin?
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Milk
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Intestinal bacteria can make this B vitamin in adequate amounts to meet human needs.
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Biotin
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The vitamin that functions as a coenzyme, particularly in carbohydrate metabolism, is
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thiamin.
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Vitamin B-6, folate, and vitamin B-12 are required for the metabolism of
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homocysteine.
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A suboptimal intake of chromium in individuals in the U.S. may be linked to
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impaired glucose tolerance.
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Older adults may require a supplemental source of vitamin B-12 because
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decreased production of intrinsic factor decreases vitamin B-12 absorption.
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Copper's functions consist of all the following except
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A. connective tissue formation.
***B. thyroid hormone synthesis. C. iron release from storage. D. hemoglobin formation. |
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pantothenic acid deficiency
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is very unlikely because of its widespread availability
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Liver and lung damage of chromium toxicity can occur from
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exposure to industrial waste.
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This vitamin, when consumed during pregnancy, can help prevent neural tube defects like spina bifida.
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Folate/Folic Acid
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Some niacin is formed in the body from
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tryptophan.
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A major source of iodide in the North American diet is
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table salt.
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Generally, good folate sources are
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Green, leafy vegetables
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Anemia can result from a deficiency of
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a.Iron
b.Folate c.Vitamin B-12 ***d.All of these are correct |
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A disorder that causes increased iron absorption leading to organ toxicity is
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Hemochromatosis
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A deficiency of vitamin B-6 can result in depression, headaches, and confusion. These occur because of impaired
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Neurotransmitter synthesis
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Which of the following is a good chromium source?
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Whole grains
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A severe iodide deficiency during early pregnancy may result in an infant afflicted with
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cretinism.
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Which of the following minerals is not a cofactor for enzymes used in energy metabolism?
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Copper
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The best food source of iron is
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liver.
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Growth retardation and poor sexual development occur with a deficiency of
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zinc.
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We get most of the sulfur in our diet from
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proteins.
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The foods that provide the largest source of riboflavin in the American diet are
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milk and dairy products.
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Biotin absorption is inhibited by
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avidin
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A suboptimal intake of chromium in individuals in the US may be linked to
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imparied glucose tolerance
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Milk is a poor source of
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iron and vitamin C
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Which of the following are the best thiamin sources?
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(***) A. Pork, whole grains, enriched cereals, legumes
B. Root vegetables, cheddar-type cheese, deep yellow/orange fruits and vegetables C. Ham, vegetables of the cabbage family, whole grains D. Milk, beef, deep yellow/orange fruits and vegetables |
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Compared to refined grain products, whole grains have more
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A. potassium.
B. vitamin E. C. fiber. ***D. All of these choices are correct. |
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nutrient that has been deemed essential but has not been classified as a vitamin is
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choline.
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Manganese functions as
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a component of many different enzymes.
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The best vitamin B-6 food sources include
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Meat, fish, and poultry
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If a child is born prematurely during the third trimester
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the child may have problems sucking and swallowing.
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Patricia's physician tells her she needs more folate in her diet during pregnancy. She should do which of the following?
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Drink orange juice.
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During pregnancy, it is particularly important to make sure to consume adequate
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essential fatty acids—linoleic acid (omega-6) and alpha-linolenic acid (omega-3).
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The total weight gain goal of a desirable-weight pregnant woman is how many pounds?
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25 to 35
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The duration of pregnancy normally is ______ weeks.
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38-42
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Which of the following is not true about the let-down reflex?
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It is triggered by the release of the hormone estrogen.
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Mineral needs generally are increased during pregnancy. All of the following are needed in higher quantities except
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A. iron.
B. iodine. C. sodium. (this one) D. zinc. |
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The hormone that triggers "let down" or milk release is
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oxytocin.
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During the first trimester, a woman should gain ______ pounds.
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2 to 4
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Advantages of breastfeeding include all of the following except
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A. improves infant's vision.(this one)
B. reduces the risk of food allergies. C. provides antibodies while infant's immune system is still immature. D. decreases ear infections. |
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All of the following are true about prenatal supplements for pregnancy except
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A. there is significant evidence that they are harmful.***
B. supplements of vitamin A can be dangerous. C. supplements commonly contain iron and folate. D. physicians routinely prescribe them. |
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Which trimester is an especially critical period when poor nutrition or drug use can result in birth defects?
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First***
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During the second and third trimesters of pregnancy, an average of ______ extra kcalories per day are needed.
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350 – 450 ***
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Vitamin needs generally increase during pregnancy, especially for
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folate.***
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All of the following are poor pregnancy practices except
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A. restricting weight gain to 15 to 18 pounds.
B. smoking. C. gaining 25 to 35 pounds.*** D. completely avoiding exercise. |
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Extra kcalories for pregnancy are needed mostly during which trimester(s)?
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Second and third***
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During each feeding, human milk changes composition in which of the following ways?
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fat increases***
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Most of the extra calcium for pregnancy is needed during which trimester(s)?
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Calcium needs do not increase.***
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The first trimester of pregnancy
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is a time of particular importance to avoid nutritional deficiencies and insults to prevent harm to the fetus.***
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The organ that nourishes the fetus in the mother's womb is called the
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placenta.***
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Which of the following statements is important for infant feeding?
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The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months of a child's life. ***
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Obesity during pregnancy is associated with all the following except
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A. high blood pressure.
B. diabetes during pregnancy. C. a low-birth-weight infant.*** D. surgical complications. |
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Rachel is pregnant and has morning sickness. She should do all the following except
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A. eat dry soda crackers upon waking.
B. cook with windows open to dissipate nauseating smells. C. eat large, less frequent meals.*** D. avoid fatty and fried foods. |
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1. The need for extra iron during pregnancy is greatest during which trimester(s)?
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d. Second and third***
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2. During pregnancy, a woman should use MyPyramid and consume
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c. 3 cups of calcium-rich foods from the milk and cheese group***
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3. During pregnancy, symptoms such as high blood pressure, excess protein in the urine, edema, changes in blood clotting, and nervous system disorders are associated with a condition called
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b. Pregnancy-induced hypertension***
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4. Women suffering from chronic alcoholism produce babies with a recognizable pattern of malformations called
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d. Fetal alcohol syndrome***
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5. A low birth-weight infant weighs _____ pounds.
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c. Less than 5.5***
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6. All of the following are barriers to breastfeeding except
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a. Lack of role models
b. Having to carry a lot of equipment when traveling*** c. Misinformation d. Fear of appearing immodest |
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7. Constipation is a common problem during pregnancy. All of the following practices can be helpful except
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a. Avoiding too much fluid***
b. Consuming more dietary fiber c. Consuming dried fruits such as raisins d. Engaging in aerobic exercise regularly |
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All of the following are true about folate and pregnancy except
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A. folate deficiency in pregnancy is associated with birth defects such as spina bifida.
B. the RDA for folate increases by 50 percent. C. most breakfast cereals can be used by pregnant women to get folate because these cereals are fortified with folate. D. if pregnant women eat folate-rich fruits and vegetables as suggested in the MyPyramid Food Plan they cannot meet their folate needs. (***) |
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The U.S. Public Health Service and the March of Dimes recommend that all women of childbearing age should take a daily multivitamin and mineral supplement that contains
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A. 400 micrograms of folic acid. (***)
B. 15 milligrams of iron. C. 500 milligrams of calcium. D. 40 micrograms of zinc. |
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Which of the following is a suggested practice as far as exercise and pregnancy are concerned?
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B. Drink plenty of fluids (***)
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Low iodide status during the first trimester of pregnancy may lead to
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D. cretinism. ***
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Carol has heartburn during her pregnancy. She should do all of the following except
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A. eat less fat.
B. lie down after she eats. *** C. avoid spicy food. D. consume liquids between meals. |
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Consumption of non-food items such as laundry starch, ice, and dirt is known as
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pica. ***
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If a child is born prematurely during the third trimester
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the child may have problems sucking and swallowing.
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. For most pregnancies, women need to consume supplemental
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D. iron.
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Millie has a low pre-pregnancy body mass index, classifying her as underweight. Her weight gain goal should be how many pounds?
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28 to 40
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The best way for a calcium-deficient pregnant woman to get the calcium she needs is to consume
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low-fat milk and cheese.
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During pregnancy, a woman should use MyPyramid and consume
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3 cups of calcium-rich foods from the milk and cheese group.
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Sue has a high prepregnancy body mass index, classifying her as overweight. Her weight gain goal should be how many pounds?
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15 to 25
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Which of the following is true about lifestyle habits and pregnancy?
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Repeated intake of four or more alcoholic drinks at one sitting harms the fetus.
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All of the following are advantages to breastfeeding except
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A. fewer gastrointestinal infections.
B. fewer respiratory infections. C. increased risk of developing food allergies *** D. decreased financial costs. |
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Which of the following is a federal program for reducing infant mortality by providing nutritional support and counseling
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C. Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children Program (WIC) ***
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Breast milk production requires approximately ____ kcalories per day?
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800
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