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778 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
The binder found in high-fiber foods that inhibits the absorption of iron and zinc is
|
oxalic acid.
|
|
|
Which of the following statements does NOT describe water-soluble vitamins?
|
Water-soluble vitamins are stored in large amounts in the body.
|
|
|
Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding phosphorus?
|
On average, Americans do not consume enough phosphorus in their diets.
|
|
|
A condition characterized by very high blood sodium levels is
|
hypernatremia.
|
|
|
Which of the following individuals is LEAST likely to suffer dehydration?
|
Julio, who never takes diuretics or laxatives
|
|
|
Consuming even moderately excessive doses of vitamin C supplements would be MOST harmful to individuals suffering from
|
hemochromatosis
|
|
|
About 90% of vitamin E is stored in
|
adipose tissue
|
|
|
The binder found in high-fiber foods that inhibits the absorption of iron and zinc is
|
oxalic acid.
|
|
|
Which of the following statements does NOT describe water-soluble vitamins?
|
Water-soluble vitamins are stored in large amounts in the body.
|
|
|
Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding phosphorus?
|
On average, Americans do not consume enough phosphorus in their diets.
|
|
|
A condition characterized by very high blood sodium levels is
|
hypernatremia.
|
|
|
Which of the following individuals is LEAST likely to suffer dehydration?
|
Julio, who never takes diuretics or laxatives
|
|
|
Consuming even moderately excessive doses of vitamin C supplements would be MOST harmful to individuals suffering from
|
hemochromatosis
|
|
|
About 90% of vitamin E is stored in
|
adipose tissue
|
|
|
The binder found in high-fiber foods that inhibits the absorption of iron and zinc is
|
oxalic acid.
|
|
|
Which of the following statements does NOT describe water-soluble vitamins?
|
Water-soluble vitamins are stored in large amounts in the body.
|
|
|
Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding phosphorus?
|
On average, Americans do not consume enough phosphorus in their diets.
|
|
|
A condition characterized by very high blood sodium levels is
|
hypernatremia.
|
|
|
Which of the following individuals is LEAST likely to suffer dehydration?
|
Julio, who never takes diuretics or laxatives
|
|
|
About 90% of vitamin E is stored in
|
adipose tissue.
|
|
|
The binder found in high-fiber foods that inhibits the absorption of iron and zinc is
|
oxalic acid.
|
|
|
Which of the following statements does NOT describe water-soluble vitamins?
|
Water-soluble vitamins are stored in large amounts in the body.
|
|
|
Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding phosphorus?
|
On average, Americans do not consume enough phosphorus in their diets.
|
|
|
A condition characterized by very high blood sodium levels is
|
hypernatremia.
|
|
|
Which of the following individuals is LEAST likely to suffer dehydration?
|
Julio, who never takes diuretics or laxatives
|
|
|
Consuming even moderately excessive doses of vitamin C supplements would be MOST harmful to individuals suffering from
|
hemochromatosis.
|
|
|
About 90% of vitamin E is stored in
|
adipose tissue.
|
|
|
The binder found in high-fiber foods that inhibits the absorption of iron and zinc is
|
oxalic acid.
|
|
|
Which of the following statements does NOT describe water-soluble vitamins?
|
Water-soluble vitamins are stored in large amounts in the body.
|
|
|
Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding phosphorus?
|
On average, Americans do not consume enough phosphorus in their diets.
|
|
|
A condition characterized by very high blood sodium levels is
|
hypernatremia.
|
|
|
Which of the following individuals is LEAST likely to suffer dehydration?
|
Julio, who never takes diuretics or laxatives
|
|
|
Consuming even moderately excessive doses of vitamin C supplements would be MOST harmful to individuals suffering from
|
hemochromatosis.
|
|
|
About 90% of vitamin E is stored in
|
adipose tissue.
|
|
|
Which of the following is NOT a function of vitamin E?
|
improving the absorption of vitamin C if dietary intake is low
|
|
|
Which kind of cells are responsible for enabling us see in different colors?
|
cone
|
|
|
Vitamin C assists in the synthesis of a protein that is a critical component of all connective tissues in the body, known as what?
|
collagen
|
|
|
Which research study demonstrated a link between vitamin E consumption and a decreased risk of heart disease in smokers?
|
ATBC Study
|
|
|
In an atom, the electrons orbiting around the nucleus have what kind of a charge?
|
negative
|
|
|
Which of the following increases the RDA for vitamin C?
|
smoking cigarettes
|
|
|
The light-sensitive pigment found in rod cells and formed by retinal and opsin is
|
rhodopsin.
|
|
|
The binder found in high-fiber foods that inhibits the absorption of iron and zinc is
|
oxalic acid.
|
|
|
Which of the following statements does NOT describe water-soluble vitamins?
|
Water-soluble vitamins are stored in large amounts in the body.
|
|
|
Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding phosphorus?
|
On average, Americans do not consume enough phosphorus in their diets.
|
|
|
A condition characterized by very high blood sodium levels is
|
hypernatremia.
|
|
|
Which of the following individuals is LEAST likely to suffer dehydration?
|
Julio, who never takes diuretics or laxatives
|
|
|
Consuming even moderately excessive doses of vitamin C supplements would be MOST harmful to individuals suffering from
|
hemochromatosis.
|
|
|
About 90% of vitamin E is stored in
|
adipose tissue.
|
|
|
Which of the following is NOT a function of vitamin E?
|
improving the absorption of vitamin C if dietary intake is low
|
|
|
Which kind of cells are responsible for enabling us see in different colors?
|
cone
|
|
|
Vitamin C assists in the synthesis of a protein that is a critical component of all connective tissues in the body, known as what?
|
collagen
|
|
|
Which research study demonstrated a link between vitamin E consumption and a decreased risk of heart disease in smokers?
|
ATBC Study
|
|
|
In an atom, the electrons orbiting around the nucleus have what kind of a charge?
|
negative
|
|
|
Which of the following increases the RDA for vitamin C?
|
smoking cigarettes
|
|
|
The light-sensitive pigment found in rod cells and formed by retinal and opsin is
|
rhodopsin.
|
|
|
Some of the earliest research on the fetal origins theory took place in
|
the Netherlands.
|
|
|
The stimulus that is needed for continued and sustained production of breast milk is
|
infant suckling.
|
|
|
Excess consumption of what nutrient during pregnancy is associated with birth defects?
|
vitamin A
|
|
|
Which of the following is NOT a factor that indicates an infant is ready to accept solid foods?
|
The infant has high stores of iron.
|
|
|
From the third month of pregnancy until birth the developing human is called a(n)
|
fetus.
|
|
|
Why are newborn infants given a single injection of vitamin K?
|
The infant's intestinal bacteria are not yet able to synthesize vitamin K.
|
|
|
During the first six months of lactation, the daily caloric needs of the mother increases by how many kilocalories as compared to prepregnancy levels?
|
330
|
|
|
The binder found in high-fiber foods that inhibits the absorption of iron and zinc is
|
oxalic acid.
|
|
|
Which of the following statements does NOT describe water-soluble vitamins?
|
Water-soluble vitamins are stored in large amounts in the body.
|
|
|
Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding phosphorus?
|
On average, Americans do not consume enough phosphorus in their diets.
|
|
|
A condition characterized by very high blood sodium levels is
|
hypernatremia.
|
|
|
Which of the following individuals is LEAST likely to suffer dehydration?
|
Julio, who never takes diuretics or laxatives
|
|
|
Consuming even moderately excessive doses of vitamin C supplements would be MOST harmful to individuals suffering from
|
hemochromatosis.
|
|
|
About 90% of vitamin E is stored in
|
adipose tissue.
|
|
|
Which of the following is NOT a function of vitamin E?
|
improving the absorption of vitamin C if dietary intake is low
|
|
|
Which kind of cells are responsible for enabling us see in different colors?
|
cone
|
|
|
Vitamin C assists in the synthesis of a protein that is a critical component of all connective tissues in the body, known as what?
|
collagen
|
|
|
Which research study demonstrated a link between vitamin E consumption and a decreased risk of heart disease in smokers?
|
ATBC Study
|
|
|
In an atom, the electrons orbiting around the nucleus have what kind of a charge?
|
negative
|
|
|
Which of the following increases the RDA for vitamin C?
|
smoking cigarettes
|
|
|
The light-sensitive pigment found in rod cells and formed by retinal and opsin is
|
rhodopsin.
|
|
|
Some of the earliest research on the fetal origins theory took place in
|
the Netherlands.
|
|
|
The stimulus that is needed for continued and sustained production of breast milk is
|
infant suckling.
|
|
|
Excess consumption of what nutrient during pregnancy is associated with birth defects?
|
vitamin A
|
|
|
Which of the following is NOT a factor that indicates an infant is ready to accept solid foods?
|
The infant has high stores of iron.
|
|
|
From the third month of pregnancy until birth the developing human is called a(n)
|
fetus.
|
|
|
Why are newborn infants given a single injection of vitamin K?
|
The infant's intestinal bacteria are not yet able to synthesize vitamin K.
|
|
|
During the first six months of lactation, the daily caloric needs of the mother increases by how many kilocalories as compared to prepregnancy levels?
|
330
|
|
|
Anchovies, mackerel, salmon, and sardines are good sources of
|
DHA.
|
|
|
Inadequate intake of which nutrient during the first few weeks of pregnancy is associated with neural tube defects in the fetus?
|
folate
|
|
|
The major protein found in breast milk is
|
lactalbumin.
|
|
|
Phylloquinone and menaquinone are better known as ________
|
vitamin K.
|
|
|
The majority of dietary chloride is consumed from
|
table salt.
|
|
|
Athletes are more likely to develop a heat illness on hot and humid days. Why?
|
In hot and humid weather the body cannot dissipate heat via evaporation of sweat.
|
|
|
The major intracellular positively charged electrolyte is
|
potassium.
|
|
|
What percentage of an adult's healthy body weight is fluid?
|
50 to 70
|
|
|
The "command center" of fluid intake is located in the
|
hypothalamus.
|
|
|
Which is NOT a function of chloride?
|
used in public water supplies to kill harmful bacteria
|
|
|
Which of the following statements is TRUE?
|
Water freely moves across cell membranes.
|
|
|
Widely distributed in many foods, phosphorous is especially abundant in foods dense in
|
protein.
|
|
|
A potentially fatal condition characterized by the failure of the body's heat-regulating mechanisms is heat
|
stroke.
|
|
|
Which of the following individuals will benefit the MOST from consuming a sports beverage?
|
athlete who exercises intensely for more than one hour
|
|
|
The MOST serious type of heat illness is heat
|
stroke.
|
|
|
Which of the following groups are the MOST vulnerable to dehydration?
|
infants and the elderly
|
|
|
Which of the following were once referred to as accessory factors?
|
vitamins and minerals
|
|
|
Which statement is FALSE regarding fat-soluble vitamins?
|
Fat-soluble vitamins need to be consumed on a daily basis.
|
|
|
The binder found in high-fiber foods that inhibits the absorption of iron and zinc is
|
oxalic acid.
|
|
|
Which of the following statements does NOT describe water-soluble vitamins?
|
Water-soluble vitamins are stored in large amounts in the body.
|
|
|
Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding phosphorus?
|
On average, Americans do not consume enough phosphorus in their diets.
|
|
|
A condition characterized by very high blood sodium levels is
|
hypernatremia.
|
|
|
Which of the following individuals is LEAST likely to suffer dehydration?
|
Julio, who never takes diuretics or laxatives
|
|
|
Consuming even moderately excessive doses of vitamin C supplements would be MOST harmful to individuals suffering from
|
hemochromatosis.
|
|
|
About 90% of vitamin E is stored in
|
adipose tissue.
|
|
|
Which of the following is NOT a function of vitamin E?
|
improving the absorption of vitamin C if dietary intake is low
|
|
|
Which kind of cells are responsible for enabling us see in different colors?
|
cone
|
|
|
Vitamin C assists in the synthesis of a protein that is a critical component of all connective tissues in the body, known as what?
|
collagen
|
|
|
Which research study demonstrated a link between vitamin E consumption and a decreased risk of heart disease in smokers?
|
ATBC Study
|
|
|
In an atom, the electrons orbiting around the nucleus have what kind of a charge?
|
negative
|
|
|
Which of the following increases the RDA for vitamin C?
|
smoking cigarettes
|
|
|
The light-sensitive pigment found in rod cells and formed by retinal and opsin is
|
rhodopsin.
|
|
|
Some of the earliest research on the fetal origins theory took place in
|
the Netherlands.
|
|
|
The stimulus that is needed for continued and sustained production of breast milk is
|
infant suckling.
|
|
|
Excess consumption of what nutrient during pregnancy is associated with birth defects?
|
vitamin A
|
|
|
Which of the following is NOT a factor that indicates an infant is ready to accept solid foods?
|
The infant has high stores of iron.
|
|
|
From the third month of pregnancy until birth the developing human is called a(n)
|
fetus.
|
|
|
Why are newborn infants given a single injection of vitamin K?
|
The infant's intestinal bacteria are not yet able to synthesize vitamin K.
|
|
|
During the first six months of lactation, the daily caloric needs of the mother increases by how many kilocalories as compared to prepregnancy levels?
|
330
|
|
|
Anchovies, mackerel, salmon, and sardines are good sources of
|
DHA.
|
|
|
Inadequate intake of which nutrient during the first few weeks of pregnancy is associated with neural tube defects in the fetus?
|
folate
|
|
|
The major protein found in breast milk is
|
lactalbumin.
|
|
|
Phylloquinone and menaquinone are better known as ________
|
vitamin K.
|
|
|
The majority of dietary chloride is consumed from
|
table salt.
|
|
|
Athletes are more likely to develop a heat illness on hot and humid days. Why?
|
In hot and humid weather the body cannot dissipate heat via evaporation of sweat.
|
|
|
The major intracellular positively charged electrolyte is
|
potassium.
|
|
|
What percentage of an adult's healthy body weight is fluid?
|
50 to 70
|
|
|
The "command center" of fluid intake is located in the
|
hypothalamus.
|
|
|
Which is NOT a function of chloride?
|
used in public water supplies to kill harmful bacteria
|
|
|
Which of the following statements is TRUE?
|
Water freely moves across cell membranes.
|
|
|
Widely distributed in many foods, phosphorous is especially abundant in foods dense in
|
protein.
|
|
|
A potentially fatal condition characterized by the failure of the body's heat-regulating mechanisms is heat
|
stroke.
|
|
|
Which of the following individuals will benefit the MOST from consuming a sports beverage?
|
athlete who exercises intensely for more than one hour
|
|
|
The MOST serious type of heat illness is heat
|
stroke.
|
|
|
Which of the following groups are the MOST vulnerable to dehydration?
|
infants and the elderly
|
|
|
Which of the following were once referred to as accessory factors?
|
vitamins and minerals
|
|
|
Which statement is FALSE regarding fat-soluble vitamins?
|
Fat-soluble vitamins need to be consumed on a daily basis.
|
|
|
Which of the following is a trace mineral?
|
iron
|
|
|
Which of the following does NOT describe tissue fluid?
|
fluid that is found in the blood stream
|
|
|
The water that comes from lakes, rivers, and reservoirs is characterized as what kind of water?
|
surface
|
|
|
Which of the following statements does NOT describe water-soluble vitamins?
|
Water-soluble vitamins are stored in large amounts in the body.
|
|
|
The most powerful and abundant form of vitamin E is
|
alpha-tocopherol.
|
|
|
Which of the following is a compound that is needed to activate an enzyme?
|
a cofactor
|
|
|
Which of the following is a substance that promotes oxidation and cell damage?
|
a prooxidant
|
|
|
Which of the following is NOT a function of vitamin E?
|
improving the absorption of vitamin C if dietary intake is low
|
|
|
Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding free radicals?
|
Our body has no mechanism to combat free radicals.
|
|
|
Which of the following foods are the richest sources of vitamin E?
|
mayonnaise, vegetable oils, nuts, and seeds
|
|
|
Which of the following diseases has NOT been linked to free radical damage?
|
type 1 diabetes
|
|
|
The MOST common form of cancer in the United States is cancer of the
|
skin.
|
|
|
Which of the following statements is FALSE concerning vitamin C?
|
Smokers should consume less vitamin C than non-smokers.
|
|
|
What kind of reaction results in an atom gaining electrons?
|
reduction reaction
|
|
|
Which of the following cooking methods will likely destroy the MOST vitamin C in food?
|
boiling
|
|
|
Which of the following vitamins is the MOST powerful fat-soluble antioxidant?
|
Vitamin E
|
|
|
Keshan disease is a heart disorder associated with which of the following deficiencies?
|
selenium
|
|
|
The deficiency disease associated with vitamin C is
|
scurvy.
|
|
|
Which water-soluble vitamin can regenerate vitamin E after it has been oxidized?
|
vitamin C
|
|
|
About 90% of vitamin E is stored in
|
adipose tissue.
|
|
|
The MOST critical role that vitamin A plays in the human body is
|
maintaining healthy vision.
|
|
|
Taking vitamin E supplements along with which of the following substances can cause uncontrollable bleeding
|
anticoagulants
|
|
|
Which vitamins pose the greatest risk of toxicity?
|
vitamins A and D
|
|
|
What percentage of an adult's healthy body weight is fluid?
|
50 to 70
|
|
|
During the first six months of lactation, the daily caloric needs of the mother increases by how many kilocalories as compared to prepregnancy levels?
|
330
|
|
|
What kind of reaction results in an atom gaining electrons?
|
reduction reaction
|
|
|
Substances such as aspirin and Coumadin that stop blood from clotting excessively are
|
anticoagulants.
|
|
|
Carbon and hydrogen are two examples of
|
atoms.
|
|
|
The binder found in high-fiber foods that inhibits the absorption of iron and zinc is
|
oxalic acid.
|
|
|
Which of the following statements does NOT describe water-soluble vitamins?
|
Water-soluble vitamins are stored in large amounts in the body.
|
|
|
Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding phosphorus?
|
On average, Americans do not consume enough phosphorus in their diets.
|
|
|
A condition characterized by very high blood sodium levels is
|
hypernatremia.
|
|
|
Which of the following individuals is LEAST likely to suffer dehydration?
|
Julio, who never takes diuretics or laxatives
|
|
|
Consuming even moderately excessive doses of vitamin C supplements would be MOST harmful to individuals suffering from
|
hemochromatosis.
|
|
|
About 90% of vitamin E is stored in
|
adipose tissue.
|
|
|
Which of the following is NOT a function of vitamin E?
|
improving the absorption of vitamin C if dietary intake is low
|
|
|
Which kind of cells are responsible for enabling us see in different colors?
|
cone
|
|
|
Vitamin C assists in the synthesis of a protein that is a critical component of all connective tissues in the body, known as what?
|
collagen
|
|
|
Which research study demonstrated a link between vitamin E consumption and a decreased risk of heart disease in smokers?
|
ATBC Study
|
|
|
In an atom, the electrons orbiting around the nucleus have what kind of a charge?
|
negative
|
|
|
Which of the following increases the RDA for vitamin C?
|
smoking cigarettes
|
|
|
The light-sensitive pigment found in rod cells and formed by retinal and opsin is
|
rhodopsin.
|
|
|
Some of the earliest research on the fetal origins theory took place in
|
the Netherlands.
|
|
|
The stimulus that is needed for continued and sustained production of breast milk is
|
infant suckling.
|
|
|
Excess consumption of what nutrient during pregnancy is associated with birth defects?
|
vitamin A
|
|
|
Which of the following is NOT a factor that indicates an infant is ready to accept solid foods?
|
The infant has high stores of iron.
|
|
|
From the third month of pregnancy until birth the developing human is called a(n)
|
fetus.
|
|
|
Why are newborn infants given a single injection of vitamin K?
|
The infant's intestinal bacteria are not yet able to synthesize vitamin K.
|
|
|
During the first six months of lactation, the daily caloric needs of the mother increases by how many kilocalories as compared to prepregnancy levels?
|
330
|
|
|
Anchovies, mackerel, salmon, and sardines are good sources of
|
DHA.
|
|
|
Inadequate intake of which nutrient during the first few weeks of pregnancy is associated with neural tube defects in the fetus?
|
folate
|
|
|
The major protein found in breast milk is
|
lactalbumin.
|
|
|
Phylloquinone and menaquinone are better known as ________
|
vitamin K.
|
|
|
The majority of dietary chloride is consumed from
|
table salt.
|
|
|
Athletes are more likely to develop a heat illness on hot and humid days. Why?
|
In hot and humid weather the body cannot dissipate heat via evaporation of sweat.
|
|
|
The major intracellular positively charged electrolyte is
|
potassium.
|
|
|
What percentage of an adult's healthy body weight is fluid?
|
50 to 70
|
|
|
The "command center" of fluid intake is located in the
|
hypothalamus.
|
|
|
Which is NOT a function of chloride?
|
used in public water supplies to kill harmful bacteria
|
|
|
Which of the following statements is TRUE?
|
Water freely moves across cell membranes.
|
|
|
Widely distributed in many foods, phosphorous is especially abundant in foods dense in
|
protein.
|
|
|
A potentially fatal condition characterized by the failure of the body's heat-regulating mechanisms is heat
|
stroke.
|
|
|
Which of the following individuals will benefit the MOST from consuming a sports beverage?
|
athlete who exercises intensely for more than one hour
|
|
|
The MOST serious type of heat illness is heat
|
stroke.
|
|
|
Which of the following groups are the MOST vulnerable to dehydration?
|
infants and the elderly
|
|
|
Which of the following were once referred to as accessory factors?
|
vitamins and minerals
|
|
|
Which statement is FALSE regarding fat-soluble vitamins?
|
Fat-soluble vitamins need to be consumed on a daily basis.
|
|
|
Which of the following is a trace mineral?
|
iron
|
|
|
Which of the following does NOT describe tissue fluid?
|
fluid that is found in the blood stream
|
|
|
The water that comes from lakes, rivers, and reservoirs is characterized as what kind of water?
|
surface
|
|
|
Which of the following statements does NOT describe water-soluble vitamins?
|
Water-soluble vitamins are stored in large amounts in the body.
|
|
|
The most powerful and abundant form of vitamin E is
|
alpha-tocopherol.
|
|
|
Which of the following is a compound that is needed to activate an enzyme?
|
a cofactor
|
|
|
Which of the following is a substance that promotes oxidation and cell damage?
|
a prooxidant
|
|
|
Which of the following is NOT a function of vitamin E?
|
improving the absorption of vitamin C if dietary intake is low
|
|
|
Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding free radicals?
|
Our body has no mechanism to combat free radicals.
|
|
|
Which of the following foods are the richest sources of vitamin E?
|
mayonnaise, vegetable oils, nuts, and seeds
|
|
|
Which of the following diseases has NOT been linked to free radical damage?
|
type 1 diabetes
|
|
|
The MOST common form of cancer in the United States is cancer of the
|
skin.
|
|
|
Which of the following statements is FALSE concerning vitamin C?
|
Smokers should consume less vitamin C than non-smokers.
|
|
|
What kind of reaction results in an atom gaining electrons?
|
reduction reaction
|
|
|
Which of the following cooking methods will likely destroy the MOST vitamin C in food?
|
boiling
|
|
|
Which of the following vitamins is the MOST powerful fat-soluble antioxidant?
|
Vitamin E
|
|
|
Keshan disease is a heart disorder associated with which of the following deficiencies?
|
selenium
|
|
|
The deficiency disease associated with vitamin C is
|
scurvy.
|
|
|
Which water-soluble vitamin can regenerate vitamin E after it has been oxidized?
|
vitamin C
|
|
|
About 90% of vitamin E is stored in
|
adipose tissue.
|
|
|
The MOST critical role that vitamin A plays in the human body is
|
maintaining healthy vision.
|
|
|
Taking vitamin E supplements along with which of the following substances can cause uncontrollable bleeding
|
anticoagulants
|
|
|
Which vitamins pose the greatest risk of toxicity?
|
vitamins A and D
|
|
|
What percentage of an adult's healthy body weight is fluid?
|
50 to 70
|
|
|
During the first six months of lactation, the daily caloric needs of the mother increases by how many kilocalories as compared to prepregnancy levels?
|
330
|
|
|
What kind of reaction results in an atom gaining electrons?
|
reduction reaction
|
|
|
Substances such as aspirin and Coumadin that stop blood from clotting excessively are
|
anticoagulants.
|
|
|
Carbon and hydrogen are two examples of
|
atoms.
|
|
|
The MOST critical role that vitamin A plays in the human body
|
maintaining healthy vision.
|
|
|
Which of the following individuals will benefit the MOST from consuming a sports beverage?
|
athlete who exercises intensely for more than one hour
|
|
|
Which of the following do sodium and potassium NOT have in common?
|
Rich sources of both include fresh foods, such as bananas, cantaloupe, and potatoes.
|
|
|
Inconsolable crying for hours at a time is a characteristic of
|
colic.
|
|
|
Matt has just been diagnosed with hypertension, and his physician has instructed him to reduce his sodium intake. Which of the following would be good advice for Matt?
|
Snack on fresh fruits and vegetables instead of salty snacks.
|
|
|
Where does the body store selenium?
|
in amino acids in the body
|
|
|
Rich dietary sources of DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) include
|
mackerel and salmon.
|
|
|
Which of the following is NOT a factor that indicates an infant is ready to accept solid foods?
|
The infant has high stores of iron.
|
|
|
Vitamins A, D, E, and K are BEST absorbed with foods that are rich in
|
fat.
|
|
|
Why are newborn infants given a single injection of vitamin K?
|
The infant's intestinal bacteria are not yet able to synthesize vitamin K.
|
|
|
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of preeclampsia?
|
unexplained and rapid weight loss
|
|
|
The movement of water through a semipermeable membrane toward solutes is called
|
osmosis.
|
|
|
The sticky "first stool" excreted by the newborn infant is called
|
meconium.
|
|
|
The most powerful and abundant form of vitamin E is
|
alpha-tocopherol.
|
|
|
Which of the following are required components of antioxidant enzyme systems?
|
antioxidant minerals
|
|
|
Which of following does NOT explain why infants are at a higher risk of dehydration compared to adults?
|
Infants have a lower total body water percentage.
|
|
|
Research studies suggest that diets rich in vitamin D are associated with a lower risk of developing
|
colon cancer.
|
|
|
During pregnancy, a woman's consumption of fish should not exceed 12 oz per week to avoid what kind of contamination?
|
mercury
|
|
|
Of the following ethnic groups, which has the highest risk of developing hypertension?
|
African American
|
|
|
Which of the following hormones requires selenium for its synthesis?
|
thyroxine
|
|
|
Water has a high heat capacity. What does this term mean?
|
Water is resistant to changes in temperature.
|
|
|
Mary drinks 600 milliliters of water. How many cups is this equivalent to?
|
2-1/2 cups
|
|
|
Which of the following is a substance that increases fluid loss via the urine?
|
a diuretic
|
|
|
Widely distributed in many foods, phosphorous is especially abundant in foods dense in
|
protein.
|
|
|
At birth, baby Ramon weighs 8 pounds. If his growth and development are normal, what would you expect Ramon to weigh at his first birthday?
|
24 pounds
|
|
|
Poor maternal intake of calcium increases the risk of what disease in the adult offspring?
|
hypertension
|
|
|
The fetal adaptation theory indicates that a fetus exposed to starvation or malnutrition goes into a survival mode. Which of the following is NOT a fetal physiological response in this situation?
|
The size and function of body organs, such as liver or kidneys, does not change.
|
|
|
Which of the following is NOT a recommended treatment of heat exhaustion?
|
Place a heating pad in an area of the body where blood circulates close to the surface.
|
|
|
Which of the following statements is F regarding calcium needs during pregnancy?
|
The extra demand for calcium during pregnancy has been shown to cause bone demineralization and increase the risk of future fractures.
|
|
|
Ian is hospitalized for dehydration after experiencing severe vomiting and diarrhea. Which of the following is NOT associated with Ian's dehydrated condition?
|
The extracellular electrolyte concentration will be very low.
|
|
|
Keshan disease and Kashin-Beck disease are both associated with which deficiency?
|
selenium
|
|
|
Which of the following is a major mineral?
|
sodium
|
|
|
The three active forms of vitamin A in our bodies (retinol, retinal, and retinoic acid) are collectively referred to as the
|
retinoids.
|
|
|
It has been suggested that what percentage of neural tube defects could be prevented if all women of childbearing age consumed adequate amounts of folate or folic acid?
|
70 percent
|
|
|
Which of the following is NOT a risk in the offspring of women who smoke during pregnancy?
|
osteoporosis
|
|
|
Why is it strongly recommended that infants NOT consume honey?
|
Honey contains spores of the bacterium Clostridium botulinum.
|
|
|
The binder found in high-fiber foods that inhibits the absorption of iron and zinc is
|
oxalic acid.
|
|
|
Which of the following statements does NOT describe water-soluble vitamins?
|
Water-soluble vitamins are stored in large amounts in the body.
|
|
|
Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding phosphorus?
|
On average, Americans do not consume enough phosphorus in their diets.
|
|
|
A condition characterized by very high blood sodium levels is
|
hypernatremia.
|
|
|
Which of the following individuals is LEAST likely to suffer dehydration?
|
Julio, who never takes diuretics or laxatives
|
|
|
Consuming even moderately excessive doses of vitamin C supplements would be MOST harmful to individuals suffering from
|
hemochromatosis.
|
|
|
About 90% of vitamin E is stored in
|
adipose tissue.
|
|
|
Which of the following is NOT a function of vitamin E?
|
improving the absorption of vitamin C if dietary intake is low
|
|
|
Which kind of cells are responsible for enabling us see in different colors?
|
cone
|
|
|
Vitamin C assists in the synthesis of a protein that is a critical component of all connective tissues in the body, known as what?
|
collagen
|
|
|
Which research study demonstrated a link between vitamin E consumption and a decreased risk of heart disease in smokers?
|
ATBC Study
|
|
|
In an atom, the electrons orbiting around the nucleus have what kind of a charge?
|
negative
|
|
|
Which of the following increases the RDA for vitamin C?
|
smoking cigarettes
|
|
|
The light-sensitive pigment found in rod cells and formed by retinal and opsin is
|
rhodopsin.
|
|
|
Some of the earliest research on the fetal origins theory took place in
|
the Netherlands.
|
|
|
The stimulus that is needed for continued and sustained production of breast milk is
|
infant suckling.
|
|
|
Excess consumption of what nutrient during pregnancy is associated with birth defects?
|
vitamin A
|
|
|
Which of the following is NOT a factor that indicates an infant is ready to accept solid foods?
|
The infant has high stores of iron.
|
|
|
From the third month of pregnancy until birth the developing human is called a(n)
|
fetus.
|
|
|
Why are newborn infants given a single injection of vitamin K?
|
The infant's intestinal bacteria are not yet able to synthesize vitamin K.
|
|
|
During the first six months of lactation, the daily caloric needs of the mother increases by how many kilocalories as compared to prepregnancy levels?
|
330
|
|
|
Anchovies, mackerel, salmon, and sardines are good sources of
|
DHA.
|
|
|
Inadequate intake of which nutrient during the first few weeks of pregnancy is associated with neural tube defects in the fetus?
|
folate
|
|
|
The major protein found in breast milk is
|
lactalbumin.
|
|
|
Phylloquinone and menaquinone are better known as ________
|
vitamin K.
|
|
|
The majority of dietary chloride is consumed from
|
table salt.
|
|
|
Athletes are more likely to develop a heat illness on hot and humid days. Why?
|
In hot and humid weather the body cannot dissipate heat via evaporation of sweat.
|
|
|
The major intracellular positively charged electrolyte is
|
potassium.
|
|
|
What percentage of an adult's healthy body weight is fluid?
|
50 to 70
|
|
|
The "command center" of fluid intake is located in the
|
hypothalamus.
|
|
|
Which is NOT a function of chloride?
|
used in public water supplies to kill harmful bacteria
|
|
|
Which of the following statements is TRUE?
|
Water freely moves across cell membranes.
|
|
|
Widely distributed in many foods, phosphorous is especially abundant in foods dense in
|
protein.
|
|
|
A potentially fatal condition characterized by the failure of the body's heat-regulating mechanisms is heat
|
stroke.
|
|
|
Which of the following individuals will benefit the MOST from consuming a sports beverage?
|
athlete who exercises intensely for more than one hour
|
|
|
The MOST serious type of heat illness is heat
|
stroke.
|
|
|
Which of the following groups are the MOST vulnerable to dehydration?
|
infants and the elderly
|
|
|
Which of the following were once referred to as accessory factors?
|
vitamins and minerals
|
|
|
Which statement is FALSE regarding fat-soluble vitamins?
|
Fat-soluble vitamins need to be consumed on a daily basis.
|
|
|
Which of the following is a trace mineral?
|
iron
|
|
|
Which of the following does NOT describe tissue fluid?
|
fluid that is found in the blood stream
|
|
|
The water that comes from lakes, rivers, and reservoirs is characterized as what kind of water?
|
surface
|
|
|
Which of the following statements does NOT describe water-soluble vitamins?
|
Water-soluble vitamins are stored in large amounts in the body.
|
|
|
The most powerful and abundant form of vitamin E is
|
alpha-tocopherol.
|
|
|
Which of the following is a compound that is needed to activate an enzyme?
|
a cofactor
|
|
|
Which of the following is a substance that promotes oxidation and cell damage?
|
a prooxidant
|
|
|
Which of the following is NOT a function of vitamin E?
|
improving the absorption of vitamin C if dietary intake is low
|
|
|
Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding free radicals?
|
Our body has no mechanism to combat free radicals.
|
|
|
Which of the following foods are the richest sources of vitamin E?
|
mayonnaise, vegetable oils, nuts, and seeds
|
|
|
Which of the following diseases has NOT been linked to free radical damage?
|
type 1 diabetes
|
|
|
The MOST common form of cancer in the United States is cancer of the
|
skin.
|
|
|
Which of the following statements is FALSE concerning vitamin C?
|
Smokers should consume less vitamin C than non-smokers.
|
|
|
What kind of reaction results in an atom gaining electrons?
|
reduction reaction
|
|
|
Which of the following cooking methods will likely destroy the MOST vitamin C in food?
|
boiling
|
|
|
Which of the following vitamins is the MOST powerful fat-soluble antioxidant?
|
Vitamin E
|
|
|
Keshan disease is a heart disorder associated with which of the following deficiencies?
|
selenium
|
|
|
The deficiency disease associated with vitamin C is
|
scurvy.
|
|
|
Which water-soluble vitamin can regenerate vitamin E after it has been oxidized?
|
vitamin C
|
|
|
About 90% of vitamin E is stored in
|
adipose tissue.
|
|
|
The MOST critical role that vitamin A plays in the human body is
|
maintaining healthy vision.
|
|
|
Taking vitamin E supplements along with which of the following substances can cause uncontrollable bleeding
|
anticoagulants
|
|
|
Which vitamins pose the greatest risk of toxicity?
|
vitamins A and D
|
|
|
What percentage of an adult's healthy body weight is fluid?
|
50 to 70
|
|
|
During the first six months of lactation, the daily caloric needs of the mother increases by how many kilocalories as compared to prepregnancy levels?
|
330
|
|
|
What kind of reaction results in an atom gaining electrons?
|
reduction reaction
|
|
|
Substances such as aspirin and Coumadin that stop blood from clotting excessively are
|
anticoagulants.
|
|
|
Carbon and hydrogen are two examples of
|
atoms.
|
|
|
The MOST critical role that vitamin A plays in the human body
|
maintaining healthy vision.
|
|
|
Which of the following individuals will benefit the MOST from consuming a sports beverage?
|
athlete who exercises intensely for more than one hour
|
|
|
Which of the following do sodium and potassium NOT have in common?
|
Rich sources of both include fresh foods, such as bananas, cantaloupe, and potatoes.
|
|
|
Inconsolable crying for hours at a time is a characteristic of
|
colic.
|
|
|
Matt has just been diagnosed with hypertension, and his physician has instructed him to reduce his sodium intake. Which of the following would be good advice for Matt?
|
Snack on fresh fruits and vegetables instead of salty snacks.
|
|
|
Where does the body store selenium?
|
in amino acids in the body
|
|
|
Rich dietary sources of DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) include
|
mackerel and salmon.
|
|
|
Which of the following is NOT a factor that indicates an infant is ready to accept solid foods?
|
The infant has high stores of iron.
|
|
|
Vitamins A, D, E, and K are BEST absorbed with foods that are rich in
|
fat.
|
|
|
Why are newborn infants given a single injection of vitamin K?
|
The infant's intestinal bacteria are not yet able to synthesize vitamin K.
|
|
|
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of preeclampsia?
|
unexplained and rapid weight loss
|
|
|
The movement of water through a semipermeable membrane toward solutes is called
|
osmosis.
|
|
|
The sticky "first stool" excreted by the newborn infant is called
|
meconium.
|
|
|
The most powerful and abundant form of vitamin E is
|
alpha-tocopherol.
|
|
|
Which of the following are required components of antioxidant enzyme systems?
|
antioxidant minerals
|
|
|
Which of following does NOT explain why infants are at a higher risk of dehydration compared to adults?
|
Infants have a lower total body water percentage.
|
|
|
Research studies suggest that diets rich in vitamin D are associated with a lower risk of developing
|
colon cancer.
|
|
|
During pregnancy, a woman's consumption of fish should not exceed 12 oz per week to avoid what kind of contamination?
|
mercury
|
|
|
Of the following ethnic groups, which has the highest risk of developing hypertension?
|
African American
|
|
|
Which of the following hormones requires selenium for its synthesis?
|
thyroxine
|
|
|
Water has a high heat capacity. What does this term mean?
|
Water is resistant to changes in temperature.
|
|
|
Mary drinks 600 milliliters of water. How many cups is this equivalent to?
|
2-1/2 cups
|
|
|
Which of the following is a substance that increases fluid loss via the urine?
|
a diuretic
|
|
|
Widely distributed in many foods, phosphorous is especially abundant in foods dense in
|
protein.
|
|
|
At birth, baby Ramon weighs 8 pounds. If his growth and development are normal, what would you expect Ramon to weigh at his first birthday?
|
24 pounds
|
|
|
Poor maternal intake of calcium increases the risk of what disease in the adult offspring?
|
hypertension
|
|
|
The fetal adaptation theory indicates that a fetus exposed to starvation or malnutrition goes into a survival mode. Which of the following is NOT a fetal physiological response in this situation?
|
The size and function of body organs, such as liver or kidneys, does not change.
|
|
|
Which of the following is NOT a recommended treatment of heat exhaustion?
|
Place a heating pad in an area of the body where blood circulates close to the surface.
|
|
|
Which of the following statements is F regarding calcium needs during pregnancy?
|
The extra demand for calcium during pregnancy has been shown to cause bone demineralization and increase the risk of future fractures.
|
|
|
Ian is hospitalized for dehydration after experiencing severe vomiting and diarrhea. Which of the following is NOT associated with Ian's dehydrated condition?
|
The extracellular electrolyte concentration will be very low.
|
|
|
Keshan disease and Kashin-Beck disease are both associated with which deficiency?
|
selenium
|
|
|
Which of the following is a major mineral?
|
sodium
|
|
|
The three active forms of vitamin A in our bodies (retinol, retinal, and retinoic acid) are collectively referred to as the
|
retinoids.
|
|
|
It has been suggested that what percentage of neural tube defects could be prevented if all women of childbearing age consumed adequate amounts of folate or folic acid?
|
70 percent
|
|
|
Which of the following is NOT a risk in the offspring of women who smoke during pregnancy?
|
osteoporosis
|
|
|
Why is it strongly recommended that infants NOT consume honey?
|
Honey contains spores of the bacterium Clostridium botulinum.
|
|
|
The primary cause of gastroesophageal reflux and constipation during pregnancy is
|
relaxation of the smooth muscles.
|
|
|
The majority of dietary chloride is consumed from
|
table salt.
|
|
|
Recommended weight gain during pregnancy is based on the
|
mother's weight before becoming pregnant.
|
|
|
During the second and third trimesters, the caloric needs of a pregnant woman increase by how many kilocalories per day?
|
350 to 450
|
|
|
A substance that is capable of dissolving a variety of compounds is known as a(n)
|
solvent.
|
|
|
Milk that is low in fat and produced first in a nursing session is known as
|
foremilk.
|
|
|
Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding free radicals?
|
Our body has no mechanism to combat free radicals.
|
|
|
Macrocytic anemia results from a deficiency of
|
vitamin B12.
|
|
|
A fluid loss greater than what percentage of body weight can result in organ failure, coma, and death?
|
8 percent
|
|
|
A deficiency of which of the following can result in erythrocyte hemolysis, leading to anemia?
|
vitamin E
|
|
|
Hyponatremia is associated with
|
overhydration.
|
|
|
Heat cramps that develop during vigorous physical activity in hot temperatures are due to
|
a fluid and electrolyte imbalance.
|
|
|
A water-treatment method in which water is filtered through a screen to eliminate chemical contaminants and microorganisms is called what?
|
micron filtration
|
|
|
The major electrolyte lost in sweat is
|
sodium.
|
|
|
Which water-soluble vitamin can regenerate vitamin E after it has been oxidized?
|
vitamin C
|
|
|
Which of the following comprises the vitamin B6 "umbrella" of compounds?
|
pyridoxal, pyridoxine, and pyridoxamine
|
|
|
Symptoms of a vitamin C deficiency include
|
bleeding gums and loose teeth.
|
|
|
The majority of our body's phosphorus is stored in the
|
bones.
|
|
|
A chemical reaction in which atoms lose electrons is
|
oxidation.
|
|
|
Which of the following diseases has NOT been linked to free radical damage?
|
type 1 diabetes
|
|
|
Which of the following statements is F regarding the consequences of the following maternal nutrient deficiencies during pregnancy?
|
Maternal zinc deficiency has no known consequences in adult offspring.
|
|
|
Fetal demand for iron is highest during the
|
third trimester.
|
|
|
Which of the following hormones requires selenium for its synthesis?
|
thyroxine
|
|
|
Vitamin C assists in the synthesis of a protein that is a critical component of all connective tissues in the body, known as what?
|
collagen
|
|
|
Consuming even moderately excessive doses of vitamin C supplements would be MOST harmful to individuals suffering from
|
hemochromatosis.
|
|
|
Macrocytic anemia results from a deficiency of
|
vitamin B12.
|
|
|
Diets high in sodium are associated with
|
high blood pressure.
|
|
|
Which of the following is a substance that promotes oxidation and cell damage
|
a prooxidant
|
|
|
Which pregnancy-specific organ is responsible for delivering nutrients and oxygen to the fetus and removing waste products?
|
placenta
|
|
|
Examples of antioxidant enzyme systems include superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and which of the following?
|
catalase
|
|
|
During the second and third trimesters, the caloric needs of a pregnant woman increase by how many kilocalories per day?
|
350 to 450
|
|
|
Which of the following foods contains the lowest amount of sodium?
|
1 medium fresh orange
|
|
|
Most of a pregnant woman's nutrient needs can be met by consuming a healthful, balanced diet, except for which specific nutrient?
|
iron
|
|
|
Which of the following is a substance that increases fluid loss via the urine?
|
a diuretic
|
|
|
Which of the following is the fluid lost via sweating and respiration?
|
insensible water
|
|
|
Which of the following nutrients requires the MOST frequent consumption to assure adequate body stores?
|
vitamin C
|
|
|
The hormones that prepare the breasts physically for lactation are estrogen, progesterone, and
|
prolactin.
|
|
|
Which of the following hormones is referred to as the "let down" hormone?
|
oxytocin
|
|
|
Excess consumption of what nutrient during pregnancy is associated with birth defects?
|
vitamin A
|
|
|
Which of the following minerals can function as an antioxidant?
|
selenium
|
|
|
Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding the mineral selenium?
|
Selenium is present only in foods of animal origin.
|
|
|
MOST water is lost daily via the
|
kidneys.
|
|
|
Ian is hospitalized for dehydration after experiencing severe vomiting and diarrhea. Which of the following is NOT associated with Ian's dehydrated condition?
|
The extracellular electrolyte concentration will be very low.
|
|
|
A megadose of a vitamin is defined as consuming how many times the recommended intake?
|
≥ 10
|
|
|
How many cancer deaths are estimated by researchers to be related to overweight/obesity, poor nutrition, and inadequate physical activity?
|
one-third
|
|
|
Which of the following foods would be the BEST dietary source of preformed vitamin A?
|
eggs
|
|
|
Which of the following individuals is at risk for hyperkalemia?
|
an individual with kidney disease
|
|
|
The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that all breastfed infants be given what kind of supplement to decrease the risk of developing rickets?
|
vitamin D
|
|
|
A condition characterized by dangerously high potassium levels in the blood is
|
hyperkalemia.
|
|
|
A group of fat-soluble plant pigments that are the basis for the orange, red, and deep yellow colors of many fruits and vegetables are called
|
carotenoids.
|
|
|
Jane takes anticoagulant medication daily to prevent blood clots. Which vitamin must she avoid taking in excess of the RDA, as it could interact with the medication causing uncontrollable bleeding?
|
vitamin E
|
|
|
Poor maternal intake of calcium increases the risk of what disease in the adult offspring?
|
hypertension
|
|
|
Which of the following is NOT a maternal benefit of breastfeeding?
|
shortens the intervals between pregnancies
|
|
|
According to certain studies, exposure of a fetus to famine in the first trimester of pregnancy can result in high risk for the development of what disease in adulthood?
|
metabolic syndrome
|
|
|
Which of the following is FALSE concerning carotenoids?
|
Beta-carotene is the only carotenoid that functions as an antioxidant.
|
|
|
A deficiency of which of the following can result in erythrocyte hemolysis, leading to anemia?
|
vitamin E
|
|
|
Hyponatremia is associated with
|
overhydration.
|
|
|
beta-carotene is a precursor of
|
retinol.
|
|
|
Water is known as the universal solvent, which means that
|
most solutes (particles) will dissolve in water.
|
|
|
Which of the following substances is characterized by its ability to move freely and adapt to the shape of the vessel that contains it?
|
a fluid
|
|
|
Insensible water loss includes water loss
|
through respiration.
|
|
|
The most powerful and abundant form of vitamin E is
|
alpha-tocopherol.
|
|
|
Premilk, which is rich in immune factors and protein, is also known by what name?
|
colostrum
|
|
|
Which water-soluble vitamin can regenerate vitamin E after it has been oxidized?
|
vitamin C
|
|
|
Which of the following statements is F regarding calcium needs during pregnancy?
|
The extra demand for calcium during pregnancy has been shown to cause bone demineralization and increase the risk of future fractures.
|
|
|
The fetal adaptation theory indicates that a fetus exposed to starvation or malnutrition goes into a survival mode. Which of the following is NOT a fetal physiological response in this situation?
|
The size and function of body organs, such as liver or kidneys, does not change.
|
|
|
Diets rich in which of the following nutrients are associated with maintaining healthy blood pressure levels?
|
potassium
|
|
|
What is an exchange reaction?
|
a two-part metabolic reaction that involves a loss and gain of electrons
|
|
|
Which of the following statements does NOT describe water-soluble vitamins?
|
Water-soluble vitamins are stored in large amounts in the body.
|
|
|
Which vitamins pose the greatest risk of toxicity?
|
vitamins A and D
|
|
|
The point at which the ovum becomes fertilized by the sperm is
|
conception.
|
|
|
Which of the following would NOT be a good strategy for increasing vitamin E in the diet?
|
deep frying foods in corn or safflower oils
|
|
|
Diseases that cause the malabsorption of fat can result in a deficiency of
|
vitamin A.
|
|
|
The agency that sets and monitors standards for city water systems is the
|
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
|
|
|
Which of the following is NOT a reason that infants are at higher risk of dehydration than adults?
|
Infants have kidneys that produce highly concentrated urine.
|
|
|
Baby Joe is a 4-month-old exclusively formula-fed infant who weighs 14 pounds. How many ounces of formula does Joe need each day in order to meet his need for 630 kcal?
|
32 ounces
|
|
|
Substances that cause birth defects are called
|
teratogens.
|
|
|
At what stage in the development of cancer do the cancerous cells grow out of control and invade surrounding tissues?
|
progression
|
|
|
The substance that cushions and protects the developing fetus is the
|
amniotic fluid.
|
|
|
The letters used to identify the fat-soluble vitamins indicate
|
the chronological order in which the vitamins were discovered.
|
|
|
The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that all breastfed infants be given what kind of supplement to decrease the risk of developing rickets?
|
vitamin D
|
|
|
What is the function of synovial fluid?
|
lubricates body joints
|
|
|
The two electrolytes that enable nerves to respond to stimuli are sodium and
|
potassium.
|
|
|
Inadequate intake of which nutrient during the first few weeks of pregnancy is associated with neural tube defects in the fetus?
|
folate
|
|
|
A normal-weight woman should gain approximately how many pounds during pregnancy?
|
25 to 35
|
|
|
Which of the following will likely result if the concentration of electrolytes outside the cell is higher than in the intracellular environment?
|
The cell will shrink and dry up.
|
|
|
Which of the following is the MOST effective method used in removing waterborne microorganisms from bottled water?
|
reverse osmosis
|
|
|
Which of the following statements is F regarding the consequences of the following maternal nutrient deficiencies during pregnancy?
|
Maternal zinc deficiency has no known consequences in adult offspring.
|
|
|
MOST of the body's vitamin A is stored in the
|
liver.
|
|
|
Research studies have consistently demonstrated an association between a reduced risk of cancer and
|
increased consumption of fruits and vegetables.
|
|
|
Which of the following hormones requires selenium for its synthesis?
|
thyroxine
|
|
|
What is fluid that is found in-between cells?
|
interstitial fluid
|
|
|
Severe tooth decay as a result of prolonged exposure to breast milk, formula, or juice is called
|
nursing bottle syndrome.
|
|
|
Which of the following is a diuretic?
|
alcohol
|
|
|
The major protein found in breast milk is
|
lactalbumin.
|
|
|
The inner portion of the zygote that implants in the uterine lining is called the
|
blastocyst.
|
|
|
Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding the mineral selenium?
|
Selenium is present only in foods of animal origin.
|
|
|
The theory that suggests that infant feeding practices increase the risk of developing chronic disease in later life is called
|
metabolic programming.
|
|
|
Which of the following statements is F regarding vitamin B12 during pregnancy?
|
The RDA for vitamin B12 doubles during pregnancy.
|
|
|
Which of the following would NOT be good advice to give to a parent regarding the introduction of solids to their six-month-old infant?
|
Add honey to cereal and fruit to improve infant acceptance of these new foods.
|
|
|
Diseases that cause the malabsorption of fat can result in a deficiency of
|
vitamin A.
|
|
|
Which of the following is NOT a risk in the offspring of women who smoke during pregnancy?
|
osteoporosis
|
|
|
Which of the following is a trace mineral?
|
iron
|
|
|
A genetic disorder that results in an excess of iron absorption and storage is
|
hemochromatosis.
|
|
|
Compounds that protect our cells from the damage caused by oxidation are known as
|
antioxidants.
|
|
|
Sports drinks are a combination of fluid, carbohydrate, and:
|
electrolytes.
|
|
|
What is the only water-soluble vitamin that can be stored in large amounts in the human body?
|
vitamin B12
|
|
|
Which of the following stimulates the thirst mechanism?
|
dryness of the mouth and throat tissues
|
|
|
Most of a pregnant woman's nutrient needs can be met by consuming a healthful, balanced diet, except for which specific nutrient?
|
iron
|
|
|
According to certain studies, exposure of a fetus to famine in the first trimester of pregnancy can result in high risk for the development of what disease in adulthood?
|
metabolic syndrome
|
|
|
In which trimester of pregnancy is the fetus the most vulnerable to teratogens?
|
first.
|
|
|
At what point during pregnancy is adequate folate MOST important?
|
during the first four weeks after conception
|
|
|
Which of the following is NOT a benefit of breastfeeding for the infant?
|
The fat in breast milk is difficult for the infant to digest.
|
|
|
Mary drinks 600 milliliters of water. How many cups is this equivalent to?
|
2-1/2 cups
|
|
|
Which of the following statements is F regarding calcium needs during pregnancy?
|
The extra demand for calcium during pregnancy has been shown to cause bone demineralization and increase the risk of future fractures.
|
|
|
Vitamins A, D, E, and K are BEST absorbed with foods that are rich in
|
fat.
|
|
|
Poor maternal intake of calcium increases the risk of what disease in the adult offspring
|
hypertension
|
|
|
Which of the following foods is considered safe for pregnant women to consume?
|
hard-boiled eggs
|
|
|
Which of the following comprises the vitamin B6 "umbrella" of compounds?
|
pyridoxal, pyridoxine, and pyridoxamin
|
|
|
A genetic disorder that results in an excess of iron absorption and storage is
|
hemochromatosis.
|
|
|
The only thing that will "cure" eclampsia is
|
delivery of the infant
|
|
|
The smallest physical units of a substance are
|
molecules.
|
|
|
Which of the following do sodium and potassium NOT have in common?
|
Rich sources of both include fresh foods, such as bananas, cantaloupe, and potatoes
|
|
|
Which of the following statements is F regarding the consequences of following maternal nutrient deficiencies during pregnancy?
|
Maternal zinc deficiency has no known consequences in adult offspring.
|
|
|
MOST of the body's vitamin A is stored in the
|
liver.
|
|
|
Which of the following individuals is at risk for hyperkalemia?
|
an individual with kidney disease
|
|
|
Which of the following nutrients requires the MOST frequent consumption to assure adequate body stores?
|
vitamin C
|
|
|
Carotenosis, a skin condition associated with consuming high levels of beta-carotene, is also known as what?
|
carotenoderma
|
|
|
Recommended weight gain during pregnancy is based on the
|
mother's weight before becoming pregnant.
|
|
|
At what point during pregnancy is adequate folate MOST important?
|
during the first four weeks after conception
|
|
|
Diets rich in which of the following nutrients are associated with maintaining healthy blood pressure levels?
|
potassium
|
|
|
Phylloquinone and menaquinone are better known as
|
vitamin K.
|
|
|
Which of the following are required components of antioxidant enzyme systems?
|
antioxidant minerals
|
|
|
A genetic disorder that results in an excess of iron absorption and storage is
|
hemochromatosis.
|
|
|
Which of the following is FALSE concerning carotenoids?
|
Beta-carotene is the only carotenoid that functions as an antioxidant.
|
|
|
What is the average weight for a healthy newborn in the United States (with an average height of 18 to 22 inches long)?
|
7-1/2 lbs
|
|
|
Major minerals are those that the body needs in how many mg per day?
|
more than 100 mg
|
|
|
Cooking meat at high temperatures can result in the formation of?
|
heterocyclic amines.
|
|
|
Which of the following are rich sources of vitamin C?
|
green and red peppers
|
|
|
Deficiencies of fat-soluble vitamins are sometimes seen in people who
|
have a fat malabsorption disorder.
|
|
|
Bert goes to the gym and works out strenuously for about 45 minutes. After his exercise bout he weighs himself and notices that he has losta pound. How much fluid should he drink to rehydrate his body?
|
2 cups
|
|
|
A deficiency of which of the following can result in erythrocyte hemolysis, leading to anemia
|
vitamin e
|
|
|
Which of the following enhances the absorption of iron?
|
vitamin C
|
|
|
Which of the following statements is F regarding vitamin B12 during pregnancy?
|
The RDA for vitamin B12 doubles during pregnancy.
|
|
|
The human body can synthesize which two fat-soluble vitamins?
|
vitamin D and vitamin K
|
|
|
Over-reliance on breast milk or formula by infants and children can limit iron intake and lead to
|
iron-deficiency anemia.
|
|
|
Which of the following is NOT associated with gestational diabetes?
|
increased fetal risk of developing metabolic syndrome later in life
|
|
|
The binder found in high-fiber foods that inhibits the absorption of iron and zinc is
|
oxalic acid.
|
|
|
Which of the following statements does NOT describe water-soluble vitamins?
|
Water-soluble vitamins are stored in large amounts in the body.
|
|
|
Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding phosphorus?
|
On average, Americans do not consume enough phosphorus in their diets.
|
|
|
A condition characterized by very high blood sodium levels is
|
hypernatremia.
|
|
|
Which of the following individuals is LEAST likely to suffer dehydration?
|
Julio, who never takes diuretics or laxatives
|
|
|
Consuming even moderately excessive doses of vitamin C supplements would be MOST harmful to individuals suffering from
|
hemochromatosis.
|
|
|
About 90% of vitamin E is stored in
|
adipose tissue.
|
|
|
Which of the following is NOT a function of vitamin E?
|
improving the absorption of vitamin C if dietary intake is low
|
|
|
Which kind of cells are responsible for enabling us see in different colors?
|
cone
|
|
|
Vitamin C assists in the synthesis of a protein that is a critical component of all connective tissues in the body, known as what?
|
collagen
|
|
|
Which research study demonstrated a link between vitamin E consumption and a decreased risk of heart disease in smokers?
|
ATBC Study
|
|
|
In an atom, the electrons orbiting around the nucleus have what kind of a charge?
|
negative
|
|
|
Which of the following increases the RDA for vitamin C?
|
smoking cigarettes
|
|
|
The light-sensitive pigment found in rod cells and formed by retinal and opsin is
|
rhodopsin.
|
|
|
Some of the earliest research on the fetal origins theory took place in
|
the Netherlands.
|
|
|
The stimulus that is needed for continued and sustained production of breast milk is
|
infant suckling.
|
|
|
Excess consumption of what nutrient during pregnancy is associated with birth defects?
|
vitamin A
|
|
|
Which of the following is NOT a factor that indicates an infant is ready to accept solid foods?
|
The infant has high stores of iron.
|
|
|
From the third month of pregnancy until birth the developing human is called a(n)
|
fetus.
|
|
|
Why are newborn infants given a single injection of vitamin K?
|
The infant's intestinal bacteria are not yet able to synthesize vitamin K.
|
|
|
During the first six months of lactation, the daily caloric needs of the mother increases by how many kilocalories as compared to prepregnancy levels?
|
330
|
|
|
Anchovies, mackerel, salmon, and sardines are good sources of
|
DHA.
|
|
|
Inadequate intake of which nutrient during the first few weeks of pregnancy is associated with neural tube defects in the fetus?
|
folate
|
|
|
The major protein found in breast milk is
|
lactalbumin.
|
|
|
Phylloquinone and menaquinone are better known as ________
|
vitamin K.
|
|
|
The majority of dietary chloride is consumed from
|
table salt.
|
|
|
Athletes are more likely to develop a heat illness on hot and humid days. Why?
|
In hot and humid weather the body cannot dissipate heat via evaporation of sweat.
|
|
|
The major intracellular positively charged electrolyte is
|
potassium.
|
|
|
What percentage of an adult's healthy body weight is fluid?
|
50 to 70
|
|
|
The "command center" of fluid intake is located in the
|
hypothalamus.
|
|
|
Which is NOT a function of chloride?
|
used in public water supplies to kill harmful bacteria
|
|
|
Which of the following statements is TRUE?
|
Water freely moves across cell membranes.
|
|
|
Widely distributed in many foods, phosphorous is especially abundant in foods dense in
|
protein.
|
|
|
A potentially fatal condition characterized by the failure of the body's heat-regulating mechanisms is heat
|
stroke.
|
|
|
Which of the following individuals will benefit the MOST from consuming a sports beverage?
|
athlete who exercises intensely for more than one hour
|
|
|
The MOST serious type of heat illness is heat
|
stroke.
|
|
|
Which of the following groups are the MOST vulnerable to dehydration?
|
infants and the elderly
|
|
|
Which of the following were once referred to as accessory factors?
|
vitamins and minerals
|
|
|
Which statement is FALSE regarding fat-soluble vitamins?
|
Fat-soluble vitamins need to be consumed on a daily basis.
|
|
|
Which of the following is a trace mineral?
|
iron
|
|
|
Which of the following does NOT describe tissue fluid?
|
fluid that is found in the blood stream
|
|
|
The water that comes from lakes, rivers, and reservoirs is characterized as what kind of water?
|
surface
|
|
|
Which of the following statements does NOT describe water-soluble vitamins?
|
Water-soluble vitamins are stored in large amounts in the body.
|
|
|
The most powerful and abundant form of vitamin E is
|
alpha-tocopherol.
|
|
|
Which of the following is a compound that is needed to activate an enzyme?
|
a cofactor
|
|
|
Which of the following is a substance that promotes oxidation and cell damage?
|
a prooxidant
|
|
|
Which of the following is NOT a function of vitamin E?
|
improving the absorption of vitamin C if dietary intake is low
|
|
|
Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding free radicals?
|
Our body has no mechanism to combat free radicals.
|
|
|
Which of the following foods are the richest sources of vitamin E?
|
mayonnaise, vegetable oils, nuts, and seeds
|
|
|
Which of the following diseases has NOT been linked to free radical damage?
|
type 1 diabetes
|
|
|
The MOST common form of cancer in the United States is cancer of the
|
skin.
|
|
|
Which of the following statements is FALSE concerning vitamin C?
|
Smokers should consume less vitamin C than non-smokers.
|
|
|
What kind of reaction results in an atom gaining electrons?
|
reduction reaction
|
|
|
Which of the following cooking methods will likely destroy the MOST vitamin C in food?
|
boiling
|
|
|
Which of the following vitamins is the MOST powerful fat-soluble antioxidant?
|
Vitamin E
|
|
|
Keshan disease is a heart disorder associated with which of the following deficiencies?
|
selenium
|
|
|
The deficiency disease associated with vitamin C is
|
scurvy.
|
|
|
Which water-soluble vitamin can regenerate vitamin E after it has been oxidized?
|
vitamin C
|
|
|
About 90% of vitamin E is stored in
|
adipose tissue.
|
|
|
The MOST critical role that vitamin A plays in the human body is
|
maintaining healthy vision.
|
|
|
Taking vitamin E supplements along with which of the following substances can cause uncontrollable bleeding
|
anticoagulants
|
|
|
Which vitamins pose the greatest risk of toxicity?
|
vitamins A and D
|
|
|
What percentage of an adult's healthy body weight is fluid?
|
50 to 70
|
|
|
During the first six months of lactation, the daily caloric needs of the mother increases by how many kilocalories as compared to prepregnancy levels?
|
330
|
|
|
What kind of reaction results in an atom gaining electrons?
|
reduction reaction
|
|
|
Substances such as aspirin and Coumadin that stop blood from clotting excessively are
|
anticoagulants.
|
|
|
Carbon and hydrogen are two examples of
|
atoms.
|
|
|
The MOST critical role that vitamin A plays in the human body
|
maintaining healthy vision.
|
|
|
Which of the following individuals will benefit the MOST from consuming a sports beverage?
|
athlete who exercises intensely for more than one hour
|
|
|
Which of the following do sodium and potassium NOT have in common?
|
Rich sources of both include fresh foods, such as bananas, cantaloupe, and potatoes.
|
|
|
Inconsolable crying for hours at a time is a characteristic of
|
colic.
|
|
|
Matt has just been diagnosed with hypertension, and his physician has instructed him to reduce his sodium intake. Which of the following would be good advice for Matt?
|
Snack on fresh fruits and vegetables instead of salty snacks.
|
|
|
Where does the body store selenium?
|
in amino acids in the body
|
|
|
Rich dietary sources of DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) include
|
mackerel and salmon.
|
|
|
Which of the following is NOT a factor that indicates an infant is ready to accept solid foods?
|
The infant has high stores of iron.
|
|
|
Vitamins A, D, E, and K are BEST absorbed with foods that are rich in
|
fat.
|
|
|
Why are newborn infants given a single injection of vitamin K?
|
The infant's intestinal bacteria are not yet able to synthesize vitamin K.
|
|
|
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of preeclampsia?
|
unexplained and rapid weight loss
|
|
|
The movement of water through a semipermeable membrane toward solutes is called
|
osmosis.
|
|
|
The sticky "first stool" excreted by the newborn infant is called
|
meconium.
|
|
|
The most powerful and abundant form of vitamin E is
|
alpha-tocopherol.
|
|
|
Which of the following are required components of antioxidant enzyme systems?
|
antioxidant minerals
|
|
|
Which of following does NOT explain why infants are at a higher risk of dehydration compared to adults?
|
Infants have a lower total body water percentage.
|
|
|
Research studies suggest that diets rich in vitamin D are associated with a lower risk of developing
|
colon cancer.
|
|
|
During pregnancy, a woman's consumption of fish should not exceed 12 oz per week to avoid what kind of contamination?
|
mercury
|
|
|
Of the following ethnic groups, which has the highest risk of developing hypertension?
|
African American
|
|
|
Which of the following hormones requires selenium for its synthesis?
|
thyroxine
|
|
|
Water has a high heat capacity. What does this term mean?
|
Water is resistant to changes in temperature.
|
|
|
Mary drinks 600 milliliters of water. How many cups is this equivalent to?
|
2-1/2 cups
|
|
|
Which of the following is a substance that increases fluid loss via the urine?
|
a diuretic
|
|
|
Widely distributed in many foods, phosphorous is especially abundant in foods dense in
|
protein.
|
|
|
At birth, baby Ramon weighs 8 pounds. If his growth and development are normal, what would you expect Ramon to weigh at his first birthday?
|
24 pounds
|
|
|
Poor maternal intake of calcium increases the risk of what disease in the adult offspring?
|
hypertension
|
|
|
The fetal adaptation theory indicates that a fetus exposed to starvation or malnutrition goes into a survival mode. Which of the following is NOT a fetal physiological response in this situation?
|
The size and function of body organs, such as liver or kidneys, does not change.
|
|
|
Which of the following is NOT a recommended treatment of heat exhaustion?
|
Place a heating pad in an area of the body where blood circulates close to the surface.
|
|
|
Which of the following statements is F regarding calcium needs during pregnancy?
|
The extra demand for calcium during pregnancy has been shown to cause bone demineralization and increase the risk of future fractures.
|
|
|
Ian is hospitalized for dehydration after experiencing severe vomiting and diarrhea. Which of the following is NOT associated with Ian's dehydrated condition?
|
The extracellular electrolyte concentration will be very low.
|
|
|
Keshan disease and Kashin-Beck disease are both associated with which deficiency?
|
selenium
|
|
|
Which of the following is a major mineral?
|
sodium
|
|
|
The three active forms of vitamin A in our bodies (retinol, retinal, and retinoic acid) are collectively referred to as the
|
retinoids.
|
|
|
It has been suggested that what percentage of neural tube defects could be prevented if all women of childbearing age consumed adequate amounts of folate or folic acid?
|
70 percent
|
|
|
Which of the following is NOT a risk in the offspring of women who smoke during pregnancy?
|
osteoporosis
|
|
|
Why is it strongly recommended that infants NOT consume honey?
|
Honey contains spores of the bacterium Clostridium botulinum.
|
|
|
The primary cause of gastroesophageal reflux and constipation during pregnancy is
|
relaxation of the smooth muscles.
|
|
|
The majority of dietary chloride is consumed from
|
table salt.
|
|
|
Recommended weight gain during pregnancy is based on the
|
mother's weight before becoming pregnant.
|
|
|
During the second and third trimesters, the caloric needs of a pregnant woman increase by how many kilocalories per day?
|
350 to 450
|
|
|
A substance that is capable of dissolving a variety of compounds is known as a(n)
|
solvent.
|
|
|
Milk that is low in fat and produced first in a nursing session is known as
|
foremilk.
|
|
|
Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding free radicals?
|
Our body has no mechanism to combat free radicals.
|
|
|
Macrocytic anemia results from a deficiency of
|
vitamin B12.
|
|
|
A fluid loss greater than what percentage of body weight can result in organ failure, coma, and death?
|
8 percent
|
|
|
A deficiency of which of the following can result in erythrocyte hemolysis, leading to anemia?
|
vitamin E
|
|
|
Hyponatremia is associated with
|
overhydration.
|
|
|
Heat cramps that develop during vigorous physical activity in hot temperatures are due to
|
a fluid and electrolyte imbalance.
|
|
|
A water-treatment method in which water is filtered through a screen to eliminate chemical contaminants and microorganisms is called what?
|
micron filtration
|
|
|
The major electrolyte lost in sweat is
|
sodium.
|
|
|
Which water-soluble vitamin can regenerate vitamin E after it has been oxidized?
|
vitamin C
|
|
|
Which of the following comprises the vitamin B6 "umbrella" of compounds?
|
pyridoxal, pyridoxine, and pyridoxamine
|
|
|
Symptoms of a vitamin C deficiency include
|
bleeding gums and loose teeth.
|
|
|
The majority of our body's phosphorus is stored in the
|
bones.
|
|
|
A chemical reaction in which atoms lose electrons is
|
oxidation.
|
|
|
Which of the following diseases has NOT been linked to free radical damage?
|
type 1 diabetes
|
|
|
Which of the following statements is F regarding the consequences of the following maternal nutrient deficiencies during pregnancy?
|
Maternal zinc deficiency has no known consequences in adult offspring.
|
|
|
Fetal demand for iron is highest during the
|
third trimester.
|
|
|
Which of the following hormones requires selenium for its synthesis?
|
thyroxine
|
|
|
Vitamin C assists in the synthesis of a protein that is a critical component of all connective tissues in the body, known as what?
|
collagen
|
|
|
Consuming even moderately excessive doses of vitamin C supplements would be MOST harmful to individuals suffering from
|
hemochromatosis.
|
|
|
Macrocytic anemia results from a deficiency of
|
vitamin B12.
|
|
|
Diets high in sodium are associated with
|
high blood pressure.
|
|
|
The swelling of tissues associated with hypernatremia is known as
|
edema
|
|
|
Which of the following is a substance that promotes oxidation and cell damage
|
a prooxidant
|
|
|
Which pregnancy-specific organ is responsible for delivering nutrients and oxygen to the fetus and removing waste products?
|
placenta
|
|
|
Examples of antioxidant enzyme systems include superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and which of the following?
|
catalase
|
|
|
During the second and third trimesters, the caloric needs of a pregnant woman increase by how many kilocalories per day?
|
350 to 450
|
|
|
Which of the following foods contains the lowest amount of sodium?
|
1 medium fresh orange
|
|
|
Most of a pregnant woman's nutrient needs can be met by consuming a healthful, balanced diet, except for which specific nutrient?
|
iron
|
|
|
Which of the following is a substance that increases fluid loss via the urine?
|
a diuretic
|
|
|
Which of the following is the fluid lost via sweating and respiration?
|
insensible water
|
|
|
Which of the following nutrients requires the MOST frequent consumption to assure adequate body stores?
|
vitamin C
|
|
|
The hormones that prepare the breasts physically for lactation are estrogen, progesterone, and
|
prolactin.
|
|
|
Which of the following hormones is referred to as the "let down" hormone?
|
oxytocin
|
|
|
Excess consumption of what nutrient during pregnancy is associated with birth defects?
|
vitamin A
|
|
|
Which of the following minerals can function as an antioxidant?
|
selenium
|
|
|
Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding the mineral selenium?
|
Selenium is present only in foods of animal origin.
|
|
|
MOST water is lost daily via the
|
kidneys.
|
|
|
Ian is hospitalized for dehydration after experiencing severe vomiting and diarrhea. Which of the following is NOT associated with Ian's dehydrated condition?
|
The extracellular electrolyte concentration will be very low.
|
|
|
A megadose of a vitamin is defined as consuming how many times the recommended intake?
|
≥ 10
|
|
|
How many cancer deaths are estimated by researchers to be related to overweight/obesity, poor nutrition, and inadequate physical activity?
|
one-third
|
|
|
Which of the following foods would be the BEST dietary source of preformed vitamin A?
|
eggs
|
|
|
Which of the following individuals is at risk for hyperkalemia?
|
an individual with kidney disease
|
|
|
The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that all breastfed infants be given what kind of supplement to decrease the risk of developing rickets?
|
vitamin D
|
|
|
A condition characterized by dangerously high potassium levels in the blood is
|
hyperkalemia.
|
|
|
A group of fat-soluble plant pigments that are the basis for the orange, red, and deep yellow colors of many fruits and vegetables are called
|
carotenoids.
|
|
|
Jane takes anticoagulant medication daily to prevent blood clots. Which vitamin must she avoid taking in excess of the RDA, as it could interact with the medication causing uncontrollable bleeding?
|
vitamin E
|
|
|
Poor maternal intake of calcium increases the risk of what disease in the adult offspring?
|
hypertension
|
|
|
Which of the following is NOT a maternal benefit of breastfeeding?
|
shortens the intervals between pregnancies
|
|
|
According to certain studies, exposure of a fetus to famine in the first trimester of pregnancy can result in high risk for the development of what disease in adulthood?
|
metabolic syndrome
|
|
|
Which of the following is FALSE concerning carotenoids?
|
Beta-carotene is the only carotenoid that functions as an antioxidant.
|
|
|
A deficiency of which of the following can result in erythrocyte hemolysis, leading to anemia?
|
vitamin E
|
|
|
Hyponatremia is associated with
|
overhydration.
|
|
|
beta-carotene is a precursor of
|
retinol.
|
|
|
Water is known as the universal solvent, which means that
|
most solutes (particles) will dissolve in water.
|
|
|
Which of the following substances is characterized by its ability to move freely and adapt to the shape of the vessel that contains it?
|
a fluid
|
|
|
Insensible water loss includes water loss
|
through respiration.
|
|
|
The most powerful and abundant form of vitamin E is
|
alpha-tocopherol.
|
|
|
Premilk, which is rich in immune factors and protein, is also known by what name?
|
colostrum
|
|
|
Which water-soluble vitamin can regenerate vitamin E after it has been oxidized?
|
vitamin C
|
|
|
Which of the following statements is F regarding calcium needs during pregnancy?
|
The extra demand for calcium during pregnancy has been shown to cause bone demineralization and increase the risk of future fractures.
|
|
|
The fetal adaptation theory indicates that a fetus exposed to starvation or malnutrition goes into a survival mode. Which of the following is NOT a fetal physiological response in this situation?
|
The size and function of body organs, such as liver or kidneys, does not change.
|
|
|
Diets rich in which of the following nutrients are associated with maintaining healthy blood pressure levels?
|
potassium
|
|
|
What is an exchange reaction?
|
a two-part metabolic reaction that involves a loss and gain of electrons
|
|
|
Which of the following statements does NOT describe water-soluble vitamins?
|
Water-soluble vitamins are stored in large amounts in the body.
|
|
|
Which vitamins pose the greatest risk of toxicity?
|
vitamins A and D
|
|
|
The point at which the ovum becomes fertilized by the sperm is
|
conception.
|
|
|
Which of the following would NOT be a good strategy for increasing vitamin E in the diet?
|
deep frying foods in corn or safflower oils
|
|
|
Diseases that cause the malabsorption of fat can result in a deficiency of
|
vitamin A.
|
|
|
The agency that sets and monitors standards for city water systems is the
|
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
|
|
|
Which of the following is NOT a reason that infants are at higher risk of dehydration than adults?
|
Infants have kidneys that produce highly concentrated urine.
|
|
|
Baby Joe is a 4-month-old exclusively formula-fed infant who weighs 14 pounds. How many ounces of formula does Joe need each day in order to meet his need for 630 kcal?
|
32 ounces
|
|
|
Substances that cause birth defects are called
|
teratogens.
|
|
|
At what stage in the development of cancer do the cancerous cells grow out of control and invade surrounding tissues?
|
progression
|
|
|
The substance that cushions and protects the developing fetus is the
|
amniotic fluid.
|
|
|
The letters used to identify the fat-soluble vitamins indicate
|
the chronological order in which the vitamins were discovered.
|
|
|
The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that all breastfed infants be given what kind of supplement to decrease the risk of developing rickets?
|
vitamin D
|
|
|
What is the function of synovial fluid?
|
lubricates body joints
|
|
|
The two electrolytes that enable nerves to respond to stimuli are sodium and
|
potassium.
|
|
|
Inadequate intake of which nutrient during the first few weeks of pregnancy is associated with neural tube defects in the fetus?
|
folate
|
|
|
A normal-weight woman should gain approximately how many pounds during pregnancy?
|
25 to 35
|
|
|
Which of the following will likely result if the concentration of electrolytes outside the cell is higher than in the intracellular environment?
|
The cell will shrink and dry up.
|
|
|
Which of the following is the MOST effective method used in removing waterborne microorganisms from bottled water?
|
reverse osmosis
|
|
|
Which of the following statements is F regarding the consequences of the following maternal nutrient deficiencies during pregnancy?
|
Maternal zinc deficiency has no known consequences in adult offspring.
|
|
|
MOST of the body's vitamin A is stored in the
|
liver.
|
|
|
Research studies have consistently demonstrated an association between a reduced risk of cancer and
|
increased consumption of fruits and vegetables.
|
|
|
Which of the following hormones requires selenium for its synthesis?
|
thyroxine
|
|
|
What is fluid that is found in-between cells?
|
interstitial fluid
|
|
|
Severe tooth decay as a result of prolonged exposure to breast milk, formula, or juice is called
|
nursing bottle syndrome.
|
|
|
Which of the following is a diuretic?
|
alcohol
|
|
|
The major protein found in breast milk is
|
lactalbumin.
|
|
|
The inner portion of the zygote that implants in the uterine lining is called the
|
blastocyst.
|
|
|
Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding the mineral selenium?
|
Selenium is present only in foods of animal origin.
|
|
|
The theory that suggests that infant feeding practices increase the risk of developing chronic disease in later life is called
|
metabolic programming.
|
|
|
Which of the following statements is F regarding vitamin B12 during pregnancy?
|
The RDA for vitamin B12 doubles during pregnancy.
|
|
|
Which of the following would NOT be good advice to give to a parent regarding the introduction of solids to their six-month-old infant?
|
Add honey to cereal and fruit to improve infant acceptance of these new foods.
|
|
|
Diseases that cause the malabsorption of fat can result in a deficiency of
|
vitamin A.
|
|
|
Which of the following is NOT a risk in the offspring of women who smoke during pregnancy?
|
osteoporosis
|
|
|
Which of the following is a trace mineral?
|
iron
|
|
|
A genetic disorder that results in an excess of iron absorption and storage is
|
hemochromatosis.
|
|
|
Compounds that protect our cells from the damage caused by oxidation are known as
|
antioxidants.
|
|
|
Sports drinks are a combination of fluid, carbohydrate, and:
|
electrolytes.
|
|
|
What is the only water-soluble vitamin that can be stored in large amounts in the human body?
|
vitamin B12
|
|
|
Which of the following stimulates the thirst mechanism?
|
dryness of the mouth and throat tissues
|
|
|
Most of a pregnant woman's nutrient needs can be met by consuming a healthful, balanced diet, except for which specific nutrient?
|
iron
|
|
|
According to certain studies, exposure of a fetus to famine in the first trimester of pregnancy can result in high risk for the development of what disease in adulthood?
|
metabolic syndrome
|
|
|
In which trimester of pregnancy is the fetus the most vulnerable to teratogens?
|
first.
|
|
|
At what point during pregnancy is adequate folate MOST important?
|
during the first four weeks after conception
|
|
|
Which of the following is NOT a benefit of breastfeeding for the infant?
|
The fat in breast milk is difficult for the infant to digest.
|
|
|
Mary drinks 600 milliliters of water. How many cups is this equivalent to?
|
2-1/2 cups
|
|
|
Which of the following statements is F regarding calcium needs during pregnancy?
|
The extra demand for calcium during pregnancy has been shown to cause bone demineralization and increase the risk of future fractures.
|
|
|
Vitamins A, D, E, and K are BEST absorbed with foods that are rich in
|
fat.
|
|
|
Poor maternal intake of calcium increases the risk of what disease in the adult offspring?
|
hypertension
|
|
|
Which of the following foods is considered safe for pregnant women to consume?
|
hard-boiled eggs
|
|
|
Which of the following comprises the vitamin B6 "umbrella" of compounds?
|
pyridoxal, pyridoxine, and pyridoxamin
|
|
|
A genetic disorder that results in an excess of iron absorption and storage is
|
hemochromatosis.
|
|
|
The only thing that will "cure" eclampsia is
|
delivery of the infant
|
|
|
The smallest physical units of a substance are
|
molecules.
|
|
|
Which of the following do sodium and potassium NOT have in common?
|
Rich sources of both include fresh foods, such as bananas, cantaloupe, and potatoes.
|
|
|
Which of the following statements is F regarding the consequences of the following maternal nutrient deficiencies during pregnancy?
|
Maternal zinc deficiency has no known consequences in adult offspring.
|
|
|
MOST of the body's vitamin A is stored in the
|
liver.
|
|
|
Which of the following individuals is at risk for hyperkalemia?
|
an individual with kidney disease
|
|
|
When compared to formula-fed infants, infants who are breastfed for longer than 3 to 6 months can have lower rates of child and adult overweight and obesity. Which of the following does NOT support this observation?
|
Breastfed infants grow in height and weight at a greater rate than formula-fed infants.
|
|
|
Which of the following nutrients requires the MOST frequent consumption to assure adequate body stores?
|
vitamin C
|
|
|
Carotenosis, a skin condition associated with consuming high levels of beta-carotene, is also known as what?
|
carotenoderma
|
|
|
Recommended weight gain during pregnancy is based on the
|
mother's weight before becoming pregnant.
|
|
|
Baby Joe is a 4-month-old exclusively formula-fed infant who weighs 14 pounds. How many ounces of formula does Joe need each day in order to meet his need for 630 kcal?
|
32 ounces
|
|
|
At what point during pregnancy is adequate folate MOST important?
|
during the first four weeks after conception
|
|
|
Diets rich in which of the following nutrients are associated with maintaining healthy blood pressure levels?
|
potassium
|
|
|
Phylloquinone and menaquinone are better known as
|
vitamin K.
|
|
|
Which of the following are required components of antioxidant enzyme systems?
|
antioxidant minerals
|
|
|
A genetic disorder that results in an excess of iron absorption and storage is
|
hemochromatosis.
|
|
|
Which of the following is FALSE concerning carotenoids?
|
Beta-carotene is the only carotenoid that functions as an antioxidant.
|
|
|
What is the average weight for a healthy newborn in the United States (with an average height of 18 to 22 inches long)?
|
7-1/2 lbs
|
|
|
Major minerals are those that the body needs in how many mg per day?
|
more than 100 mg
|
|
|
On average, which of the following individuals would have the highest percentage of body water?
|
35-year-old lean man
|
|
|
Jane takes anticoagulant medication daily to prevent blood clots . Which vitamin must she avoid taking in excess of the RDA, as it could interact with the medication causing uncontrollable bleeding?
|
vitamin E
|
|
|
Cooking meat at high temperatures can result in the formation of?
|
heterocyclic amines.
|
|
|
Which of the following are rich sources of vitamin C?
|
green and red peppers
|
|
|
Deficiencies of fat-soluble vitamins are sometimes seen in people who
|
have a fat malabsorption disorder.
|
|
|
Bert goes to the gym and works out strenuously for about 45 minutes. After his exercise bout he weighs himself and notices that he has losta pound. How much fluid should he drink to rehydrate his body?
|
2 cups
|
|
|
A deficiency of which of the following can result in erythrocyte hemolysis, leading to anemia?
|
vitamin E
|
|
|
The hormones that prepare the breasts physically for lactation are estrogen, progesterone, and
|
prolactin
|
|
|
Which of the following enhances the absorption of iron?
|
vitamin C
|
|
|
Which of the following statements is F regarding vitamin B12 during pregnancy?
|
The RDA for vitamin B12 doubles during pregnancy.
|
|
|
The human body can synthesize which two fat-soluble vitamins?
|
vitamin D and vitamin K
|
|
|
According to certain studies, exposure of a fetus to famine in the first trimester of pregnancy can result in high risk for the development of what disease in adulthood?
|
metabolic syndrome
|
|
|
Over-reliance on breast milk or formula by infants and children can limit iron intake and lead to
|
iron-deficiency anemia.
|
|
|
Which of the following is NOT associated with gestational diabetes?
|
increased fetal risk of developing metabolic syndrome later in life
|
