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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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definition of fruit?
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ripened ovaries and adjacent tissues of plants
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types of fruit
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simple-from single ovary in flower
aggregate- from several ovaries multiple- from a cluster of flowers |
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examples of simple fruit (2)
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drupes:have a stone or pit
ex. plums, peaches, cherries pomes: have a core ex. apples and pears |
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example of aggregate fruit
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strawberries, blackberries, raspberries
-have many seeds on outside |
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example of multiple fruit
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pineapple
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factors affecting vitamin content in fruit
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amount of light exposure
older fruit has less nutrients |
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what is the #1 form in which fruit is consumed?
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juice
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yellow-orange color in fruit is
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carotenoids
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red-blue color in fruit is
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anthocyanins
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what intensifies the red color?
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acids
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what combines with anthocyanins to produce a violet or blue-green color in fruit
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metals
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what contributes to aromatic compounds in fruit?
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esters, aldehydes and alcohol
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what are changes that occur in fruit ripening?
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1. color change
2. flesh softening 3. develop pleasant flavors 4. changes in soluble solids |
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what causes softening of fruit flesh?
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pectins
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What is the ripening hormone produced in fruit?
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Ethylene gas
-production increased when fruit is peeled or sliced |
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types of apples good served fresh?
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red delicious
mcintosh winesap |
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types of apples good for pies
(hold up when cooked) |
cortland
mcintosh yellow transparent |
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types of apples good for applesauce
(break down easily) |
RI greening
york imperial |
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types of apples good for baking
(keep shape well) |
rome beauty
golden delicious |
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what is the most difficult fruit to select?
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melons
-must be heavy in relation to size |
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name of storage grocery stores keep fruit in
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(CA) controlled atmosphere storage
-lowered oxygen levels slows ripening |
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2 fruits damaged by the cold?
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bananas
avocados |
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list in order from high to low the percentage of juice that is in certain fruit juices (orange)
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1. orange juice drink blend (75-95%)
2. orange juice drink 3. orange drink 4. orange-flavored drink |
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what percent of water is dried fruit reduced to?
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less than 30%
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what three things is dried fruit higher in than fresh?
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carbs
cals minerals |
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methods of drying fruit
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-vacuum dried (water content 2-3%)
-artificial heat -freeze dried -sun drying (loses most nutrients) |
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how to avoid browning of fruit?
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soak fresh fruit in water
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what is the goal of cooking fruit?
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keeping the shape
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how do you keep fruits shape when cooking?
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cook fruit in a sugar solution
-heat lets sugar into cell walls and sugar supports shape |
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if you want fruit to be soft, what do you cook it in?
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water
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what must you do before cooking dried fruits?
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rehydrate them
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