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91 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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First Assumption of Psychoanalysis |
Psychic Determinism & the Unconscious Mind
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Unconscious Mind
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according to Freud, a reservoir of mostly unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feelings and memories that we often cannot access
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Psychic Determinism
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the idea that everything happens for a specific cause that can be identified, if you look hard enough
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Second Assumption of Psychoanalysis
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the mind has an internal structure that is divided into three parts, which function independently and often in conflict with one another
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ID
EGO SUPEREGO |
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Id
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irrational and emotional part of our mind
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the "selfish beast" which strives to satisfy basic sexual and aggressive drives; hence, it operates on the "pleasure principle" and wants everything now....
UNCONSCIOUS |
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Ego
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the rational part of our mind
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the executive of the personality which operates on the "reality principle" to mediate the demands of the Id and Superego
CONSCIOUS |
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SuperEgo
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the moral part of our mind
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is the "relentless policeman" which insists that we do the "right thing" and opposes the desires of the Id
UNCONSCIOUS |
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Third Assumption of Psychoanalysis
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there will always be Psychic Conflict and Compromise
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Fourth Assumption of Psychoanalysis
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the mind needs energy and this energy can only power one part of the mind at a time
if one part of the mind uses up too much energy, the rest of the mind will suffer |
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What are the two forms of mental energy??
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Libido & Thanatos
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Libido
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the life instinct' the psychic energy behind growth and enhancement of life (including sex)
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Thanatos
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the death instinct; the psychic energy behind destruction and decay (including aggression)
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What is the Doctrine of Opposites?
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everything implies or requires its opposite
implies that extremes tend to be more similar to each other than each is to the middle |
pornographers vs cenorship crusaders
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What is Freud's view of psychological development?
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the libido travels through the mind, focuses itself in one area and then moves on to another area helping individuals to progress through each of five psychosexual stages
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What are the three aspects of each of Freud's psychosexual stages of development?
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- a physical focus where energy is concentrated and gratification is obtained
- a psychological theme that must be conquered - an adult character that will come about if the theme is not conquered (fixation) |
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Fixation
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libido is trapped, limiting other parts of the mind
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What are Freud's five stages of Psychosexual Development?
(focuses are listed on third side) |
Oral
Anal Phallic Latency Genital |
- pleasure centers on the mouth- sucking biting and chewing
- pleasure focuses on bowel and bladder elimination; coping with the demands - pleasure zone is the genitals; coping w/ incestuous sexual feelings - dormant sexual feelings - maturation of sexual feelings |
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Oral Stage
Birth to 18 months |
Psychological Theme of Dependency
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an infant is helpless and it must learn the proper bounds of dependency
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What are the adult characters of the Oral Stage?
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The Oral Characters
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Neglected: mistrust and inability to depend upon others
Spoiled: passive and overly dependent on others |
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Anal Stage
18-36 months |
Psychological Theme of Authority relations and Self control
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when authority figures tell us not to cry, not to touch something, or to go potty in the toilet, can we control ourselves
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What are the adult characters of the anal stage?
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The Anal Characters
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Too many demands: rigid, obsessive, compulsive, and subservient
Never demanding: chaotic, rebellous, lack of control |
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Phallic Stage
3-7 Years |
Psychological theme surrounding gender differences
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sometime within this range, children usually discover that boys and girls are different because of the penis and vagina
boys become attracted to their mothers while girls become attracted to their fathers |
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Oedipal Crisis
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libido is in the penis and a boy will be attracted to his mom, but begins to fear castration from his father out of rivalry
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results in castration anxiety
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Electra Crisis
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libido is in the vagina and a girl will be attracted to her father, but when she realizes that he has a penis and her penis has been castrated, she begins to envy her father
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results in penis envy
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What are the solutions for castration anxiety and penis envy?
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the children begin to identify with their same sex parent
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for a boy, this is the closes he can get to posessing his mother without losing his penis
for a girl, this is the colses she can get to possessing her fathers penis |
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What are the adult characters of the phallic stage?
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The Phallic Characters
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overdeveloped moral code: puritanical and asexual
underdeveloped moral code: promiscuous |
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Latency stage
7-puberty |
a developmental break
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time to learn how to apply mental energy to academic pursuits
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Genital Stage
Puberty and beyond |
physical focus is NOT just shifted to the genitals but also towards the creation and enhancement of life which includes having children and contributing to life and society
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psychological theme of Maturity
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What are the adult characters for the genital stage?
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There really aren't any because it is a stage that we aspire to achieve rather than to pass through
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What is Freud's definition of mental health?
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The ability to love and to work
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What are the primary goals and causes of psychoanalysis in therapy?
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problems of anxiety and unhappiness are caused by unconscious conflicts
these conflicts tie up mental energy that would otherwise be used towards more healthy endeavors the goal in therapy is to make these conflicts conscious so that the rational ego can deal with it and find some compromise once your rational ego has found a better way to deal with the conflict, mental energy that was previously tied up wil now be available to other parts of the mind |
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What are some techniques used to discover unconscious conflicts?
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dream analysis
free association hypnosis |
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What is the cause of anxiety?
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things we want (Id)
things that are possible (Ego) Things that are morally right (Superego) when these things conflict... it results in anxiety |
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Denial
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one simply pretends that the source of anxiety does not exist
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Repression
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disturbing or unpleasant memories suppressed so that they cannot be consciously accessed
far more complex and further reaching than denial |
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Reaction Formation
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concealing a motive from ourselves by giving expression to the opposite motive
"the lady doth protest too much, me thinks" |
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Projection
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assigning our own undesirable qualities to others in exaggerated amounts
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Rationalization
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creates a seemingly rational reason why something we've done (that we're ashamed of) had to be done
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Intellectualization
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turns heated and anxiety provoking issue into something cold, analytical and intellectual
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Displacement
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process of gratifying a motive that cannot be satisfied in one form into another form: emotional feelings are displaced from one object to another
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Sublimation
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the process of transforming psychic energy into socially achievements
the ONLY truly successful defense mechanism |
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What is the basis for Parapraxis?
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psychic determinism asserts that NOTHING happens by accident
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Parapraxis
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a leakage from the unconscious manifesting as a mistake, accident, omission, or memory lapse
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Kinds of Parapraxes
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Forgetting- usually a result of repression
Slips- unintended actions caused by the leakage of suppressed impulses Humor- a form of sublimation. the humor is disguised until the last moment; the impuse is expressed and enjoyed before your superego has a chance to inhibit it. you might feel badly for laughing a few seconds later, but the deed is done |
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What are some of the main criticisms of psychoanalytic theory?
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Exessive Complexity (Occam's Razor)
Case Study Method Untestability Sexism |
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What were Alfred Adler's Four Basic Differences with Freud?
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a more optimistic, less sexually oriented view of human nature
believes in free will behavior is caused by thoughts of the future rather than the past focused on conscious rather than unconscious mind |
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What were the basics of Alfred Adler's striving for success or superiority?
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Organ Inferiority
Compensation Masculine Protest |
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Organ Inferiority
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overcome what we felt we were weak in as a child
is based off of our own perceptions NOT reality |
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Compensation
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to appear better in an area than you are
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Masculine Protest
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believed that men and women developed similarly but that there was a society focus on the importance of being men
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What were Adler's views on free will?
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Believed that it existed through subjective perception and fictionalism
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Fictionalism
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regardless of whether or not it is true, if you lifve that way, then it is true
whatever you believe, then that is how you live |
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What did Adler believe were the causes of behavior?
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thoughts of the future rather than the past through unity and self conscistency
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Unity and Self Consistency
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people's behavior would seem consistent if you knew what their motivations were
foundation for Individual psychology |
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Organ Dialect
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sometimes you allow your body to speak for you
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Social Interest
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desire to interact with other people was strong
wanted to help humanity and make the world a better place thought it was an innate necessity for the survival of the species |
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Carl Jung
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Analytical Psychology
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What were Carl Jung's three levels of the psyche?
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Conscious (secondary role)
Personal Unconscious Collective Unconscious |
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Personal Unconscious
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everything that has ever happened to you
some can be more easily recalled than others |
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Collective Unconscious
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memories that all humans are born with, inherited, and passed on
influences our interactions with others and are seen most in dreams |
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Archetypes
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basice characters that keep popping up because they fit the same mold as developed through the collective unconscious
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Persona
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side of the personality that is actually shown to the world
multiple personas that exist in different social realms must realize that the persona is not you or the self |
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Shadow
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the dark hidden side of the personality
things that you wouldn't actually act upon bu should know rather than block out |
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What is the first test of courage?
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to come to grips with your shadow and know that you are not evil
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Anima
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man's archetype of a woman
a man's feminine side that is represented through his dream girl |
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Animus
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a woman's archetype of a man
a woman's masculine side that is represented through her dream man |
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What is the second test of courage?
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to accept the masculine or feminine side of yourself to become a more whole person
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The Great Mother
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the giver of life that is represented in every culture
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Wise Old Man
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aids the protagonist, the mentor, who is different for every person
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Hero
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comes to conquer evil but is tragically flawed by some obscure vulnerability
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Carl Jung's Personality Types
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Introversion/Extroversion
Thinking Feeling Sensing Intuiting |
Introversion and extroversion are determined based upon where you draw your energy from
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Karen Horney
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mostly loyal Freudian except for her interpretations:
she emphasized the influence of culture on our behavior rejected Freud's ideas on female development |
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Basic Hostility & Anxiety
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everyone is competing fore the same resources, so we must have hostility which is generally repressed and leads to basic anxiety
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Horney's defense mechanism
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Affection
Submissiveness Power/Prestige/Posession Withdrawal |
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Neurotic Compulsions
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compelled by an unhealthy manner to use only one of the defense mechanisms
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Moving Towards
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helplessness and striving for others to care for you
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Moving Against
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hostile reaction to preemptively strike against others
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Moving Away
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avoid dealing with others because of its strain
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What is Western Society's contribution to basic anxiety?
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important to be an individual but must be nice to everyone
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When do Intrapsychic conflicts arise?
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people have an idealized self image that allows them to live with themselves however as their true self moves further from their idealized self, they become more self loating
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Compliant: good and saintly
Aggressive: strong and heroic Detached: wise and independent |
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What were Horney's views on feminist psychology
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differences arise because of social expectations rather than biological differences
Oedipus complex is an expression of basic anxiety Penis envy exists because you wish you lived in a world with equal rights and is in agreement with Adler's masculine protest |
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Erik Erikson
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claimed to be a faithful, orthodox Freudian
believed in the conflict between the conscious and unconscious pointed out that not all psychic conflict takes place in the unconscious expanded upon development to create Life Span Psychology |
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Psychosocial Development
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based upon the epigenetic principle which asserts that each step builds upon the previous step
each step also involves a conflict between syntonic (pleasing) and dystonic (harmful) elements which force individuals to find a common ground to move on |
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Stage One
Infancy-1 year |
basic trust vs mistrust
has to do with getting fed and having needs met Core Strength of Hope and Core Pathology of Withdrawal |
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Stage Two
2-3 years |
autonomy vs shame & doubt
has to do with testing limits Core Strength of Will and Core Pathology of Compulsion |
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Stage Three
3-5 years |
Initiative vs Guilt
fantasies about being a husband or wife or provider which should be encouraged Core Strength is Purpose and Core Pathology is Inhibition |
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Stage Four
6-12 |
Industry vs. Inferiority
work to determine their strength and weaknesses Core Strength is Competence and Core Pathology is Inertia or inability to focus |
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Stage Five
13-18 |
Identity vs. Role Confusion
have to develop what they are and what they beilieve in Core Strength: Fidelity Core Pathology: Role Repudiation |
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Stage Six
19-30 |
Intimacy vs. Isolation
has to do with conflicts between stages against your roles has to do with being able to retain your own indentity in an intimate relationship Core STrength: love Core Pathology: Exclusivity |
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Stage Seven
31-60 |
Generativity vs Stagnation
concerned with estabiliting and guiding the next generation Strength: caring Pathology: rejectivity |
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Stage Eight
60+ |
Integrity vs Despair
looking back on life and decide whether you have gained something or feel like youve blown it and want to do it all over again Strength: Wisdom Core Pathology: Despair |
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