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30 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
anticline
upcurved fold in rock layers in which the oldest layer is in the center of the fold
compression
stress that squeezes crustal rocks together
deformation
bending, tilting, and breaking of the earth's crust
dome mountain
landform created when molten lrock pushes up rock layers on the earths surface and the layers then are worn away in places, leaving separate high peaks.
fault
break in rock along which rocks on either side of the break move.
fault plane
surface of a fault along which movement of rocks occur.
fault-block mountain
mountain formed where faulting breaks the earth's crust into large blocks that become tilted, causing some blocks to drop down relative to other blocks.
folded mountain
landform created when tectonic movements bend and uplift rock layers
folding
permanent deformation or bending of a rock under stress
footwall
in a nonvertical fault, the rock below the fault plane
fracture
break in rock along which there is no movement
graben
long, narrow valley formed by faulting and downward slippage of a crustal block
hanging wall
in a nonvertical fault, the rock above the fault plane
isostasy
balancing of the forces pressing up and down on the earth's crust
isostatic adjustment
up and down movements of the earth's crust to reach isostacy
monocline
a fold in rock layers in which both limbs remain horazontal.
mountain belt
group of large mountain systems
mountain range
group of adjacent mountains with the same general shape and structure.
mountain system
group of adjacent mountain systems
normal fault
fault in which the hanging wall moves sown relative to the footwall.
plateau
large area of flat topped rocks high above sea level
reverse fault
fault in which the hanging wall moves up relative to the footwall.
shearing
stress that pushes rocks in opposite horazontal directions
strain
change in shape and volume of rocks that occurs due to stress
stress
the amount of force per unit area that is placed on a given material
strike slip fault
fault in which the rock on either side of a fault plane slides horizontally
syncline
downcurved fold in rock layers in which the youngest layer is in the center.
tension
stress that pulls rocks apart
thrust fault
type of reverse fault in which the fault plane is nearly horizontal instead of vertical.
volcanic mountain
mountain formed when molten rock erupts onto earth's surface.