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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
anticline
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upcurved fold in rock layers in which the oldest layer is in the center of the fold
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compression
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stress that squeezes crustal rocks together
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deformation
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bending, tilting, and breaking of the earth's crust
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dome mountain
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landform created when molten lrock pushes up rock layers on the earths surface and the layers then are worn away in places, leaving separate high peaks.
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fault
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break in rock along which rocks on either side of the break move.
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fault plane
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surface of a fault along which movement of rocks occur.
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fault-block mountain
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mountain formed where faulting breaks the earth's crust into large blocks that become tilted, causing some blocks to drop down relative to other blocks.
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folded mountain
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landform created when tectonic movements bend and uplift rock layers
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folding
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permanent deformation or bending of a rock under stress
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footwall
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in a nonvertical fault, the rock below the fault plane
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fracture
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break in rock along which there is no movement
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graben
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long, narrow valley formed by faulting and downward slippage of a crustal block
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hanging wall
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in a nonvertical fault, the rock above the fault plane
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isostasy
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balancing of the forces pressing up and down on the earth's crust
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isostatic adjustment
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up and down movements of the earth's crust to reach isostacy
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monocline
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a fold in rock layers in which both limbs remain horazontal.
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mountain belt
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group of large mountain systems
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mountain range
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group of adjacent mountains with the same general shape and structure.
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mountain system
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group of adjacent mountain systems
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normal fault
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fault in which the hanging wall moves sown relative to the footwall.
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plateau
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large area of flat topped rocks high above sea level
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reverse fault
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fault in which the hanging wall moves up relative to the footwall.
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shearing
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stress that pushes rocks in opposite horazontal directions
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strain
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change in shape and volume of rocks that occurs due to stress
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stress
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the amount of force per unit area that is placed on a given material
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strike slip fault
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fault in which the rock on either side of a fault plane slides horizontally
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syncline
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downcurved fold in rock layers in which the youngest layer is in the center.
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tension
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stress that pulls rocks apart
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thrust fault
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type of reverse fault in which the fault plane is nearly horizontal instead of vertical.
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volcanic mountain
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mountain formed when molten rock erupts onto earth's surface.
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