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41 Cards in this Set
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Impact of American Revolution on Europe |
New arrangements of national politics; proved Enlightenment ideals could work; ideas contributed to the French Revolution |
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Calonne's "assembly of notables" (1786) |
gathered nobles, prelates, and magistrates, but no one cooperated; was supposed to b a solution to the French government's money problem |
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Estates-General |
eventually decided to give the Third Estate double representation; cahiers de dolences advocated a regular constitutional government that abolished the privileges of the nobility and the church; divided by how to vote |
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cahiers de dolences (late 1700s) |
statements of local grievances; wanted to abolish the privileges of the nobility and the church |
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Abbe Sieyes (late 1700s) |
"What is the Third Estate? It is everything."; a representative of the Estates-General; insisted the Third Estate was the foundation of the French economic system |
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Tennis Court Oath (1789) |
an oath taken by members of the Third Estate once they had been locked out of the Estates-General; pledge to meet until a constitution was formed |
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National Assembly (1789) |
the members of the Third Estate who took the Tennis Court Oath and made a French constitution; composed mainly of wealthy bourguoise |
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Fall of the Bastille (1789) |
the attack of the Bastille by Parisians to obtain weapons; the Parisians got very violent; heads on pikes |
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The Great Fear (1789) |
a vast panic that spread through France because of the peasant revolts; fear of invasion by foreign troops that was supported by an aristocratic plot that encouraged the formation of citizens' militias |
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Declaration if the Rights of Man and Citizen (1789) |
the outcome of the Tennis Court Oath; natural rights of man were liberty, property, security, and resistance to oppression; destroyed aristocratic privileges; restricted the monarchy;gave the freedom of speech and press and the right to take part in the legislative process; outlawed arbitrary arrests |
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Olympe de Gouges (1789) |
questioned the inclusion of women in the Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen; insisted men and women should have equal rights; completely ignored by the national assembly |
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Women's March on Versailles (1789) |
Parisian women marched to Versailles to confront the king and the National Assembly about the prices of bread; Louis XVI promised grain supplies, but the women marched into Versailles insisting that the entire royal family come to Paris; ended with the royal family being prisoners in Paris |
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assignants |
a form of paper money that held little value and caused inflation; issued base on the collateral of the new nationalized church property |
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Constitution of 1791 |
created by the National Assembly; established a limited constitutional monarchy; distinction between active and passive citizens; divided France into 83 Departments; bourgeoisie and aristocrats able to run for office |
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Civil Constitution of the Clergy (1791) |
a law passed that subordinated the Catholics from French government |
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Jacobins (1789) |
a radical political club that offered solutions to France's problems; its leaders were usually the elite of their societies |
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Declaration of Pillnitz (1791) |
issued by Leopold II of Austria and Frederick William of Prussia; invited other monarchies of Europe to take the most effectual means to strengthen the monarchy of France; no one took part in the plan |
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sans-culottes (1792) |
new Paris Commune; patriots without fine clothing; many radicals came form the wealthy bourgeoisie |
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Georges Danton (1759-1794) |
minister of justice for the Paris Commune; leader of the sans-culottes; sought revenge on those who had aided the king |
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Girondins (1792) |
one faction the National Convention split into; members came from the Department of Gironde; members of the Jacobin club |
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The Mountain (1792) |
one faction the National Convention split into; members came from the side of the convention hall that was slanted upward; members of the Jacobin club |
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Vendee Revolt (1793) |
peasants who revolted against the new military draft; an effect of the arrest and execution of the head Girondins leaving the Mountain in control; some of France's major cities began to favor a decentralized government |
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Committee of Public Safety (1793) |
an executive committee formed by the National Convention; initially dominated by Danton; established the "Reign of Terror" to meet the domestic crisis; Robespierre was a member |
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Maximilien Robespierre (1758-1794) |
major member of the Committee of Public Safety; dedicated to using his power to help people |
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nation in arms (1794) |
the French Republic's army; biggest army ever seen in European history; helped create modern natioalism |
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"Reign of Terror" (1794) |
established by the Committee of Public Safety to meet the domestic crisis; revolutionary courts organized to protect the Republic from internal enemies; victims were those who had opposed the radical activities of the sans-culottes; most destruction was in Vendee, a place of non-revolutionaries; demonstrated little class prejudice |
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"Republic of Virtue" (1793) |
The Committee of Public Safety's attempt to control France and create a new republican order; set representatives as gov. agents to implement laws; ultimately failed |
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de-Christianization (1793) |
the effect of the "Republic of Virtue"; the word saint was removed from street names; churches were pillaged and closed by revolutionary armies; Notre-Dam was renamed the Temple of Reason; ultimately backfired; new republican calendar |
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Toussaint L'Ouverture (1746-1802) |
took leadership over the Spanish revolt against Napoleon's army; controlled Hispaniola by 1801 and helped Haiti declare its freedom from France; French Revolutionary ideals ultimately triumphed abroad |
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Thermidorian Reaction (1795) |
the reaction to Robespierre's execution; named after the month of Thermidor; the Terror began to die out; National Convention took away the Committee of Public Safety's power; shut down the Jacobin club; allowed churches to worship publicly; laissez-faire economics put in to place; adopted the Constitution of 1795 which created a national legislative assembly made of the Council of 500 and the Council of Elders with the Director as executive authority |
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the Directory (1795) |
executive authority of France as stated by the Constitution of 1795; consisted of 5 directors elected by the Council of Elders |
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Napoleon (1769-1821) |
leader of France after the French Revolution; the first director; educated in the ideals of the Enlightenment; brilliant war general; made France an empire with him as emperor; made peace with the Catholic church |
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Concordat of 1801 |
Napoleon's peace treaty with the Catholic Church; pope gained the right to depose French bishops but the sate nominated them; church was allowed to hold processions; pope could not question the confiscation of church lands or the accomplishments of the Revolution; Catholicism was not reestablished as the state religion |
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Napoleonic Civil Code (early 1800s) |
preserved most revolutionary gains; equality of citizens before the law; right to choose a profession; religious toleration; abolition of serfdom and feudalism |
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prefects (early 1800s) |
government agents appointed by Napoleon; responsible for supervising all aspects of local government; depended on the central gov. |
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Battle of Austerlitz (1805) |
battle Napoleon fought and won against Austria and Russia; Napoleon was very outnumbered; fought on poor terrain; Austria sued for peace |
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Napoleon's Grand Empire (early 1800s) |
consisted of the French empire, a series of dependent states, and allied states; allied states were states Napoleon had conquered and forced to join his struggle against Britain; Napoleon tried to destroy the old order in the empire and in the dependent states; nobilty and clergy lost their privileges |
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Continental System (1806) |
an attempt of Napoleon to weaken Britain that failed; tried to prevent British goods from reaching the European continent to weaken the British economic system; allied states resisted |
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nationalism (early 1800s) |
the unique cultural identity of a people; important factor in the defeat of Napoleon; the Spanish and Germans used it against the French; caused the Prussians to undergo a series of political and military reforms |
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Johann Gottlieb Fichte (1762-1814) |
German philosopher that heavily supported nationalism; advocated cultural individualism |
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Napoleon's Invasion of Russia (1812) |
Napoleon's big defeat; Russian army retreated farther and farther into Russia burning all villages and countrysides; heat and disease took their toll on Napoleon's army; Napoleon reached Moscow which was on fire and made his "Great Retreat" back through Russia in winter conditions |
