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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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old regime consisted of:
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1st estate: clergy
2nd estate: nobility 3rd estate: everyone else |
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hunting rights
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noble owner of a manor's privilege of keeping game preserves and of hunting on his own and the peasants land
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banalites
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fees noble owner collected from villagers
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eminent property
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lesser landowners within the manor "owned" their land => could freely buy, sell, lease, and inherit : but owner had rights, certain rents, payable annually ->when land changes owners by sale or death
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feudal reaction
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manorial lords collected dues at a faster pace or revived old ones -> rising living costs and acquiring higher living standards: not favorable to farmers and peasants
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first estate
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clergy: exaggerated b/c of french revolution
greatest of all landowners ~100,000 people .5% of population free gift to king money from tithing |
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second estate
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nobility: blocked plans of taxation and showed desire to control policies of the state
~400,000 people 2 types nobility of the sword nobility of the robe (newer, wealthier) |
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third estate
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24.5 million 94-97%
bourgeoisie: owns 20 percent of land have positions in govt wage earners/urban poor: wages not increasing with the cost of living become significant during revolution rural masses/peasantry: over 80 percent owns 40 percent of land resents of upper privileges |
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Montagnards
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power base in Paris
sans cullottes adopt extreme measures centralized |
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Girodists
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power base in provinces
feared dominance of Paris in national politics supported more national govt centralization (federalization) |
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intellectual causes of the revolution
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enlightenment ideas about liberty and equality influence the upper classes
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social causes of the revolution
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society is still organized based on feudal concepts, no longer matching reality >> resentments
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political causes of the revolution
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bourgeois demands a say in the govt, nobles want to retain or increase their power
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economic causes of the revolution
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1. govt unable to pay national debt
2. 1780's are a time of bad harvests, rising unemployment, rising prices, and poverty >> restlessness of masses 3. development of a public sphere of political debate |
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1787 assembly of notables
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louis XVI wants to introduce new taxes but the nobles refuse approval
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__________ leads to a noble revolt
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assembly of notables -> the only way to raise new taxes is by the estates general
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estates general is summoned in 1789...what happens?
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delegates are chosen and asked to list their grievances
nobility and bourgeiose want liberal changes: constitution, individual liberties, limited powers of the king , representing body |
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metayer
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sharecropper (peasants could be one when working)
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jacques necker
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swiss banker
pushed to tax everyone equally (john law, maupeou, turgot, louis xiv agreement of taxing privileged classes) |
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calonne
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successor of necker: :
in place of taille, general tax to all landowners without exemption (assembly of notables) |
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lomenie de brienne
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tries to push same program as calonne
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what is the third estate?
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abbe sieyes: declared the nobility was a useless caste which could be abolished w/o loss : third estate was necessary for society -> identical to the nation
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national assembly
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third estate declared theselves
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oath of the tennis court
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june 20 1789 ->the national assembly was in existence and they would not disband until a constitution was made
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storming of the bastille
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"beginning" of the revolution
citizens needed gun powder : when king's army tried repressing, mobs stormed bastille killing governor and stealing gunpowder |
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french tricolor
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blue and red : paris
white: bourbon infusion of the old and new |
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the great fear of 1789
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peasants making excuses (brigands were coming) to destroy manorial regime force
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night of august fourth
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assembly chose evening session where many would be absent
: feudalism was abolished / legal privilege was replaced with legal equality |
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the declaration of the rights of man and citizen
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natural rights of liberty, property, security, and resistance of oppression
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the rights of man
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book written by thomas paine
emphasized importance of french revolution motto for revolutionary ideas in the future |
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the rights of women
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olympe de gouges:
applied women to official declaration: divorce property in marriage equal access to education, careers, public employment |
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vindication of the rights of women
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mary wolltstonecraft
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jacobins
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remained a middle class group during radical phase of revolution
society of friends of teh constitution |
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patriots
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wanted delaying veto for king and a legislative body of one chamber -> afraid that an upper chamber would bring back the nobility as a collective cforce/ afraid to make king constitutionally strong by giving him full veto
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count of artois
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brother of king
wanted to agitate revolution with all govts of europe |
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edmund burke
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appalled at french revolution
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constitution of 1791
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gave king a suspensive veto
nation under unicameral legislation "legislative assembly" |
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flight to varennes
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louis xvi attempt to escape to austria with his family
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active and passive citizens
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both had civil rights but active had the right to vote
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electors
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chosen by active citizens: one elector for every 100 citizens
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assignats
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first regarded as bonds and issued only in large denominations (use as money)
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compagnonnages
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associations or trade unions journeymen formed
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Le Chapelier Law
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restated the abolition of the guilds and forbade organization of special economic interests of any kind (all trades were free for all to enter)
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festival of the federation
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marking first anniversary of the assault on the bastille
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liberty trees/ liberty caps
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show tricolor to show political allegiance
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civil constitution of the clergy
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forbidden to acknowledge any papal authority
no religious vows no monastic houses |
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constitutional clergy
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signed civil constitution of the clergy and were the patriots
were for the govt proposals |
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refractory clergy
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good catholics
new piety in religious matters |
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reflections of the revolution of france
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predicted anarchy and dictarship
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voyage from st. petersburg to moscow
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by radischev
pointed out the evils of serfdom |
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declaration of pillnitz
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leopold II stated only stop revolution only if other powers would join him
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mme roland
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house was a host of girodin headquarters
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EMIGRES
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nobles who ran away and declared holy
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francis II
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son of leopold -> mot a stable ruler
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brunswick manifesto
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prussia and austria threatened france that if they harm the king and queen, will come and revolt
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marseillaise
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war cry
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storming of the tuileries
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the castle in paris that kept the king and queen: stormed
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september massacres
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clergy against killing the king and aristocracy killed
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national convention
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disorganized french armies
sept 20 1792 |
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battle of valmy
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kicked prussian commander out of paris
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