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157 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What book did Thomas Hobbes write? |
Leviathan -thought people were naturally selfish |
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What book did Montesquieu write? What were his main ideas? |
The Spirit of Laws -Separation of powers |
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What book did Voltaire write? What were his main ideas? |
Candide -believed in freedom of speech and religion and separation of the church and state |
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What book did Denis Diderot write? What were his main ideas? |
Encyclopédie -first big volume of information |
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What book did Jean-Jacques Rousseau write? What were his main ideas? |
The Social Contract -Thought government's job is to protect you but if the government doesn't do it's job you have the power to overthrow the government |
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What book did Adam Smith write? What were his main ideas? |
The Wealth of Nations -guide book for capitalism, and the idea that the government is not involved in business |
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What book did Mary Wollstonecraft write? What were her main ideas? |
A Vindication of the Rights of Women -first feminist and advocate for women's rights |
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What book did John Locke write? What were his main ideas? |
Two Treatises of Government -argued for democracy |
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What book did David Hume write? What were his main ideas? |
A Treatise of Human Nature -all human knowledge is from expierence |
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What book did Immanuel Kant write? What were his main ideas? |
Critique of Pure Reason -reason and rational thought |
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Samuel de Champlain
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established Quebec
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Jacques Cartier
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explored St. Lawrence river and named Canada
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Rene-Robert de La Salle
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explored great lakes
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Louis Jolliet
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found origins of Mississippi River
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Jacques Marques
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mapped Northern Mississippi
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Who were the Bourbons? |
the royal family of France |
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Who were the Capets? |
an old royal family of France |
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What was the Estates General? |
It was like Parliament but was only called in emergencies |
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Who was Francis I? |
King during the Renaissance
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What is the Louvre? |
it was a palace rebuilt by Francis I |
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Who did Francis I invite to France to help built Chambord? |
Leonardo Da Vinci |
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What was Henri II famous for? |
His love triangle between his wife Catherine Medici and Diane de Poitiers |
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How did Henri II die? |
In a tournament, a splinter went into his eye |
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Who was Catherine Medici? |
-daughter of Phillip II, ruler of Spain -from Medici family in Florence -rich -smart -got everything she wanted except love of her husband |
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Who was Diane de Poitiers? |
-the woman Henri II was in love with -20 years older than Henri -drank gold to look younger |
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What palace did Catherine Medici and Diane de Poitiers fight over? |
Chenonceou |
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What was the St. Batholomew Day Massacre? |
Catherine Medici is believed to have ordered the massacre - 3,000 Huguenots were killed in Paris -As many as 70,000 killed in total |
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What was Henri IV's nickname? |
"Good King" |
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What did Henri IV do about religion and what quote is associated with this? |
He converted from Protestant to Catholic and is said to have "jumped the ditch" |
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Who was Henri IV married to? |
-Princess Mary -Marie Medici |
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Who was Henri IV's dauphin? |
Louis XIII |
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What is a dauphin? |
Future king of france (heir) |
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Who was Henri IV's advisor? |
Duke of Sully |
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Why was Henri such a popular king? |
He had great ideas: -wanted to make France rich -wanted to stop religious fighting |
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What was the Edict of Nantes? |
It gave Huguenots and Protestants religious rights and it ended the religious wars |
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What quote exemplifies Henri IV's wish for France? |
"A chicken in every pot every Sunday" |
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What did Henri IV say about converting religions? |
"Paris is worth a Mass" |
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What is the most famous thing Henri IV built? |
Le Pont Neuf |
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What was the nickname of the Pont Neuf? |
"The New Bridge" |
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What were new features of the Pont Neuf? |
-first sidewalks -first bridge without houses built on it |
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What is Trickle Down Economics? |
Cutting taxes for the rich which will (hopefully) cause them to invest in businesses which will create more jobs for the poor |
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What is Keynes Economics? |
build infastructure to create jobs and allow easier commerce travel |
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Infrastructure |
building of bridges, sidewalks, roads, etc. |
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Commodities |
raw goods |
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Who is Ravaillac? |
-the man who assasinated Henri IV
-a rejected monk and failed schoolteacher, he was a fantical Catholic, expierencing hallucinations and delusions |
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How did Ravaillac kill Henri IV? |
Henri was stuck in traffic and Ravaillac stabbed him 3 times |
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What was Ravaillac's sentence for killing Henri IV? |
He was scalded, then his flesh was torn with pincers, then he was drawn and quartered |
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What was New France? |
France's Colony in the New World (Canada) |
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Who is Louis XIII? |
Henri IV's son |
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What was Louis XIII known as? |
"The Just" |
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What is a regent? |
A person who rules when king/queen is too young |
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Who was Louis XIII's regent? |
Marie Medici |
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Who was Louis XIII's dauphin? |
Louis XIV |
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Who was Louis XIII's other son? |
Phillip |
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Who was Louis XIII's adviser? |
Richelieu |
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What did Richelieu do? |
Basically ran the country |
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Why was Louis XIII regarded as an odd king? |
-loved to crossdress -was possibly gay -hypochondriac |
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Duke Sully was to Henri IV as Richelieu was to ___ |
Louis XIII |
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What happened when the Estates General was called for the first time?
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Richelieu, Marie, and Louis didn't like what was being discussed, they locked the doors and send everyone home
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Who becomes the advisor to Louis XIII after Richelieu dies? |
Mazarin |
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Mazarin was from where that caused people to dislike him and start revolutions? |
italy |
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What happened when Mazarin was ruling for Louis XIV, while he was still little? |
The people of Paris revolted and Louis had to escape out a window, which caused him to hate Paris |
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Louis XIV is the greatest example of what in France? |
An Absolute Monarch |
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What is Louis XIV nicknamed and who does he compare himself to? |
"Sun King" Apollo, sun God |
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What does Louis XIV do when Mazarin dies? |
He names himself his own advisor and famously quotes "I am the state" |
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His reign was the ___ of a French monarch. |
longest |
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What was Louis XIV's personality like? |
-huge ego -talked about himself in 3rd person -referred to himself as France |
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What did Louis XIV do in the beginning of his reign? |
He revolutionized France and made it rich |
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What had Louis XIV done to France by the end of his reign? |
The economy begins to fall |
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What was Fronde? |
A series of revolutions that happened when Louis XIV was a child and he had to escape out the window in Paris. |
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Louis XIV did what with the Edict of Nantes? |
He cancelled it and 200,000 fled, many to Canada |
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What did Louis XIV want to do to France's borders? |
extend them to "Natural Borders" |
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What did Louis XIV famously built? |
Versailles |
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How much of France's income was Louis XIV putting into Versailles? |
50% |
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Who were Louis XIV's financial advisors? |
Nicolas Fouquet and Jean Baptiste Colbert |
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What happened with Nicolas Fouquet? |
He was caught stealing money and Louis XIV threw him in prison -possibly had iron mask?? |
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How did Louis XIV get the money for Versailles? |
-inviting nobility to live at Versailles -sent government agents to run the countryside instead -Louis got all the tax money |
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Who was Jean Baptiste Colbert and what did he do? |
Louis XIV's other financial advisor who helped Louis get rich |
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What is the Intendant System? |
?? |
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What were Taille and Gabelle? |
land tax, salt tax |
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What was the belief in Mercantilism? |
economic belief that world has set amount of wealth and only way to get richer is to take from others |
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Who is Louis XV? |
The great grandson of Louis XIV |
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What is Louis XV's nickname? |
"The Well Loved" |
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Why was Louis XV known as "The Well Loved"? |
He was very popular during his early reign, especially with females -he had many mistresses |
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Who was Louis XV's advisor, what else was she? |
Madame Pompadour she was also his mistress |
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What major events happened during Louis XV's reign? |
7 Years War Enlightenment |
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What was Madame de Pompadour into? |
Art, Fashion, and Architecture |
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What art style came from Madame de Pompadour? |
Rocco Style |
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What was the Bastille? |
A prison, people went into it and they never came out |
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What was the 7 Years War? |
It was a dispute between France and Great Britain over colonies. It was global. |
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What were the two famous battles of the 7 Years War? |
Battle of Quebec and Battle of Duquesne |
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What ended the 7 Years War? |
Treaty of Paris |
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What was the effect of the 7 Years War on France? |
Lost war, began questioning government, huge debt, lost colonies (Canada), and as a result the ability to pay off debt |
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What was the effect of the 7 Years War on Great Britain? |
Huge debt (doubled), which caused them to tax 13 Colonies, which started American Revolution |
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What was the Enlightenment all about? |
Reason and rational thought |
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Where did people meet during the Enlightenment to discuss ideas? |
Salons |
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What did each country question during the Enlightenment? France Scotland Germany |
England and France: Government Scotland: Economics Germany: Science |
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What did Adam Smith publish in 1776 that was considered to be more important than the Declaration of Independence and what were it's ideas? |
Wealth of Nations, which said that the government should not be involved in business |
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Where were famous people of France (not including kings) especially people from the Enlightenment buried? |
Pantheon |
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Who does Louis XV tax to help pay off 7 Years War debt? |
No one |
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Ben Franklin convinces Louis XVI to do what? |
Get involved in the American Revolution |
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What does Louis XV famously say to his son as he is dying? |
"After me the flood" |
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Why is the French government on the verge of collapse? |
-debt -population has grown -bad harvest -hungry people will revolt |
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What was Louis XVI's nickname? |
"The Locksmith" |
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Who was Louis XVI married to? |
Marie Antoinette |
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What were the major events that occured during Louis XVI's reign? |
American Revolution and French Revolution |
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What family is Marie Antoinette from? |
Hapsburg Family from Austria |
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What was the peoples opinion of Marie Antoinette and why? |
They hated her because she was from Austria |
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What happened between Louis XVI and Marie that got people talking? |
Marie didn't get pregnant |
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What were the causes of the French Revolution? |
-Funded American Revolution -Enlightenment -Population increase -bad crops -lost 7 years war and got large debt -lost colonies -Louis XV and Louis XVI were bad monarchs -Debt Crisis -Versailes -Marie Antoinette -Calling of Estates General -Storming of the Bastille |
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Who suggested to Louis XVI the calling of the Estates General? |
Necker and Lafayette |
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What happened to the number of reps for the 3rd Estate? |
It got doubled |
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What was the problem with the Estates General? |
It was set up so that the 3rd Estate would always get screwed despite being the largest |
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What does the Estate General begin talking about and what does it cause Louis XVI to do? |
They begin talking about a constitution and Louis XVI decides to lock them out like Louis III did |
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What do some members of the Estates General do after they are locked out? |
They stay and rename themselves the National Assembly |
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What oath do the members of the National Assembly take and what does it entail? |
Tennis Court Oath ~ swear they are not leaving until France has a constitution |
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What happens when word gets out about the National Assembly? |
Louis ignores it, Marie wants to send the army, and the people decide they need to protect the National Assembly |
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When was the storming of the Bastille? |
July 14, 1789 |
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What was the storming of the bastille? |
People demanded weapons from the bastille, the warden said no and they tortured him and beheaded him (first beheading in the revolution) |
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What was the goal of the French Revolution? |
France was going to be an Enlightened Utopia |
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Who was Robbespierre? |
The leader of the National Assembly and the French Revolution |
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What was Robbespierre's nickname? |
The incorruptable
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What was the Old Regime? |
time period of the kings |
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What was the bourgeoisie? |
Middle Class |
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Who was Louis XVII? |
Marie and Louis XVI's son, he never ruled but he was the rightful heir which was why he got the title Louis XVII |
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What was the Summer of Great Fear? |
summer of 1789 after the storming of the Bastille |
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What was the Declaration of the rights of Man? |
A declaration that all men are free and equal |
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What was the most important document in the French Revolution? |
The Declaration of the Rights of Men |
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What is "Liberty, Equality, Fraternity"? |
the slogan of the French Revolution |
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What is the Tricolor(flag)? |
France's new flag that is red, white, and blue |
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What is La Marseillaise? |
French National Anthem |
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What are the September Massacres? |
when Parisians stormed the prisons and killed prisoners and defiled women in fear of the Prussian/Austrian armies |
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What are the Émigrés? |
noblemen that fled the country |
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Who was Jacques René Hébert? |
He offered to destroy the power of the Catholic Church |
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What was Conciergerie Prison? |
The prison where Marie Antoinette, along with a lot of other prisoners, was held |
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Who were the Jacobins? |
Robbespierre's political party. They wanted to kill the king and called for the heads of revolutionaries |
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Who were the Girondists? |
A milder political party that thought that the king should be spared and that death was not the answer |
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Who was Jean-Paul Marat? |
Creator of L'ami de pu, a journalist and writer for the revolution |
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Who was Charlotte Corday? |
The murderer of Jean-Paul Marat |
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Who was Georges Danton? |
Minister of justice, convinces people on the frontier to join the war effort |
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What was the Guillotine? |
an instrument used to behead people |
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What was the Committee of Public Safety? |
a 12 man committee headed by Robbespierre that ruled France during the Reign of Terror |
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What was the Festival of Supreme Being? |
It was like Christmas, but it was a holiday for Robbespierre's new religon that worshipped a goddess of wisdom -seen as a cult |
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What was the Reign of Terror? |
An emergency government made in a hurry that killed anyone who might be a traitor |
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What was the Great Terror? |
when most people were killed during the Reign of Terror |
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What was the Revolutionary Calendar? |
A new Calendar, in which the months were renamed and each month had three weeks of ten days |
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Who was J. Louis David? |
a painter during the revolution |
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What were cahiers? |
Notebooks with lists of grievances brought to the Estates General meeting |
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What was the Brunswick Maifesto? |
If you hurt the king or queen, Prussia will destroy Paris |
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What was the Storming of the Tuileries Palace? |
the ending of the monarchy |
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What was the Directory? |
The government following the reign of terror |
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Who were the san-culottes? |
citizens that didn't wear knee breeches |
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Who was Charles Henri Sanson? |
operated the guillotine |
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What was Assignat? |
Revolutionary money |
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What starts the Reign of Terror? |
Beheading of the King |
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What ends the Reign of Terror? |
Beheading of Robbespierre |
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What ends the Directory? |
Napoleon takes over |
