Fran's Pharmacology Exam # 1 Chapter 17

Front 1

List the 4 mechanisms of activation of adrenergic receptors.

Back 1

1.) Direct receptor binding
2.) Promotion of NE release
3.) Inhibition of NE reuptake
4.) Inhibition of NE inactivation

Front 2

What are the 2 types of adrenergic agonists?

Back 2

Catecholamines and Noncatecholamines

Front 3

Why are drenergic agonists are also known as sympathomimetics?

Back 3

Because their effects mimic those caused by the sympathetic nervous system.

Front 4

What is mydriasis?

Back 4

widening of the pupil

Front 5

List the 6 important adrenergic agonists.

Back 5

1. Epinephrine
2. Norepinephrine
3. Phenylephrine
4. Isoproterenol
5. Terbutaline
6. Dobutamine

Front 6

Why can't agents in the catecholamine family be taken orally?

Back 6

-destruction of MAO & COMT
-brief duration of action
-cannot cross blood brain barrier

Front 7

What are the effects of activation of alpha1 receptors?

Back 7

-vasoconstriction (elevation in BP)
-mydriasis

Front 8

What are alpha1 agonists used for?

Back 8

-hemostasis
-nasal decongestion
-elevation of blood pressure
-adjuncts to local anesthetics.

Front 9

List the 2 major adverse effects of alpha1 agonists.

Back 9

hypertension and local necrosis

Front 10

What is the result of activation of beta1 receptors?

Back 10

-increases in heart rate
-increase in force of contraction
-increase in conduction through (AV) node

Front 11

What are beta1 agonists used to treat?

Back 11

1.)heart failure
2.)AV block
3.)shock
4.)cardiac arrest

Front 12

What are adverse effects of beta1 agonists?

Back 12

1.) tachycardia (excessive heart rate) 2.) dysrhythmia
2.) Angina pectoris

Front 13

What are beta2 agonists used to treat?

Back 13

1.) Asthma
2.) Delay of pre-term labor

Front 14

List 2 adverse effects of beta2 agonists.

Back 14

-hyperglycemia (usually in diabetics)
-tremor

Front 15

List the main effect of dopamine activation.

Back 15

Dilates renal blood vessels, which helps maintain renal perfusion in shock

Front 16

_______________ is a catecholamine that activates alpha1, alpha2, beta1, and beta2 receptors

Back 16

epinephrine

Front 17

How does epinephrine work?

Back 17

-elevates blood pressure
-suppresses glottal edema
-counteracts bronchoconstriction.

Front 18

What are the two ways to deliver epinephrine?

Back 18

Topically or by injection.

Front 19

List other uses of epinephrine.

Back 19

1.)control superficial bleeding
2.)restart the heart after cardiac arrest
3.)delay absorption of local anesthetics

Front 20

________________ is a catecholamine that activates beta1 and beta2 receptors.

Back 20

Isoproterenol

Front 21

How is isoproterenol used?

Back 21

1.) enhance cardiac performance (activates beta1 receptors)
2.) treat bronchospasm (activates beta2 receptors).

Front 22

__________ is a catecholamine whose receptor specificity is highly dose dependent

Back 22

Dopamine

Front 23

What is dopamine used to treat?

Back 23

1.) shock
2.) heart failure,
3.) renal failure.

Front 24

List common adverse effects of dopamine.

Back 24

-tachycardia
-dysrhythmias
-anginal pain

**all result from activation of beta1 receptors in the heart

Front 25

___________ is a noncatecholamine that produces selective activation of beta2 receptors.

Back 25

Terbutaline

Front 26

___________ is a drug that is indicated for heart failure, because it helps alleviate symptoms by activating beta1 receptors on the heart

Back 26

Dobutamine

Front 27

What is Terbutaline used to treat?

Back 27

1.) asthma
2.) delay preterm labor

Front 28

Why has Terbutaline replaced Isoproterenol?

Back 28

Because it is selective for beta2 receptors so it produces much less stimulation of the heart.