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119 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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occurs by flexion or distraction + rotation
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c3-c7 facet joint injuries
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most common location for facet joint dislocation
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c5-c6 and c6-c7
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anterior wedge fracture is due to ___ forces
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flexion
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c3-c7 compression fractures commonly occurs at what levels?
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c4-c5 and c5-c6
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c3-c7 compression fractures are (stable/unstable) fractures.
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stable
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management for c3-c7 compression fracture
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rigid orthosis for 8-12 weeks
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often caused by compression-flexion or vertical axis load
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c3-c7 burst fracture
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at what thoracic level are fracture usually stable?
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t1-t9
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most of thoracic and lumbar fractures occur at what level
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t11-l1
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fracture of the vertebrae that is common in elederly and osteoporotic patients
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compression fracture
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they result from axial load with flexion or lateral bending moment
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compression fracture
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the typical appearance is loss of height of the anterior aspect of the vertebral body with preservation of the posterior elements and generally the posterior aspect of the vertebral body
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compression fracture
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most common fracture pattern of the vertebrae
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compression fracture
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management for lumbar compression fracture
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hyperextension brace or TLSO
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this is a continuum of compression fracture with more axial loading
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burst fracture
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burst fractures are (stable/unstable)
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unstable
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defined by position of fracture fulcrum, these fractures occur either anteiror to or within the vertebral body
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flexion distraction fracture
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have the fulcrum anteriorly and distraction occurs through the bone
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chance fracture
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have the fulcrum within the vertebral body, with anterior column compression and distraction through posterior column
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seat belt fracture
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clavicle fracture are common fractures usually resulting from (direct/indirect) trauma
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direct
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what part of the clavicle is injured 80% of the time
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middle third
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these injuries commonly result from seatbelt use in a frontal collision
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clavicle fracture
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management for clavicle fracture
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arm sling clavicle strap for 3 to 4 weeks
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refers to abnormal widening of the acriomioclavicular joint
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acriomioclavicular joint separation
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acriomioclavicular joint separation is (direct/indirect) trauma to the shoulder
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direct
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what is the principal ligament to consider along with acromioclavicular ligament
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coracoclavicular ligament
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anterior shoulder dislocations are usually due to (direct/indirect) cause
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direct
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they are usually due to indirect force, such as from abduction and internal rotation
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anterior shoulder dislocation
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anterior shoulder dislocation account for how many percent of shoulder dislocation?
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97%
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inferior dislocation is also called ____
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luxatio erecta
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surgical repair for shoulder dislocation: anterior capsule and anterior rim
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bankart
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surgical repair for shoulder dislocation: capsule to glenoid
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staple capsulorrhaphy
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surgical repair for shoulder dislocation: subscapularis imbrication
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putti-platt
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surgical repair for shoulder dislocation: subscapularis to lesser tuberosity
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magnuson-stack
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surgical repair for shoulder dislocation: crest graft anteriorly
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bone block
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surgical repair for shoulder dislocation: coracoid transfer
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bristow
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surgical repair for shoulder dislocation: redundant capsule advanced
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capsular shift
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what motion is most commonly limited after surgical repair for shoulder dislocation
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external rotation
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posterior dislocation account for less than how many percent of shoulder dislocation
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5%
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posterior dislocation are due to (direct/indirect) force
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direct force
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what are the classic causes of posterior shoulder dislocation
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seizure or electric shock
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this view is the best view to demonstrate this type of dislocation
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axillary view
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results from anterior dislocation of the humeral head and is located on the posterolateral aspect of the humeral head
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hill-sachs fracture
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fracture that typically occur in elderly osteoporotic patients who fall on an outstretched hand
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proximal humerus fracture
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what are the four segment described in neer classification
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anatomic neck
surgical neck greater tuberosity lesser tuberosity |
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no to minimal angulation (less than 45 degrees) an no to minimal displacement (less than 1cm) of the fracture fragments. any of the four portions of the proximal humerus may be fractured
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neer one part fracture
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consist of three nondisplaced and one displaced fracture fragment
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neer two part fracture
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those with two displaced and two nondisplaced fracture fragments. the lesser of greater tuberosity must be involved
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neer three part fracture
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three fracture segment displaced. with avascular necrosis common with this type of fracture.
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neer four part fracture
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humeral shaft fractures are almost always the result of (direct/indirect) trauma
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direct
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what nerve injury is the main complication of humeral shaft fracture
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radial nerve
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treatment for humeral shaft fracture
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coaptation or cast brace
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humeral shaft fracture is treated with ORIF if: (5)
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segmental fracture
pathologic fracture distal spiral with radial nerve injury with forearm fracture obesity |
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distal spiral fracture with radial nerve injury is called
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holstein-lewis fracture
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humeral shaft fracture with forearm fracture is called
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floating elbow
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result from an underlying abnormality of the bone usually either from a primary bone tumor or from metastatic disease.
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pathologic fracture
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fractures of the capitellum are the result of (direct/indirect) trauma to the extremity.
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capitellum fracture
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in pediatric patients, this is the most common site of injury about the elbow
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capitellum
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capitellum fracture with large trochlea piece
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type I hahn-steinthal
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capitellum fracture with miminal subchondral bone
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type II kocher-lorenz
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comminuted capitellum fracture
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type III
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resulting from valgus stress which are really avulsion injuries
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medial epicondyle fracture
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fractures of the medial epicondyle of the humerus is also called as ___
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little leaguer's elbow
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this is a known complication of the supracondylar fracture
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volkmann's ischemic contracture
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this is due to hyperextension injury due to fall on outstretched hand
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supracondylar fracture
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associated with posterior elbow dislocation. isolated fracture is rare and most will have associated radial fractures
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coronoid process fracture
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result from direct fall onto flexed elbow
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olecranon fracture
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a visible posterior fat pad is the most sensitive indicator of an occult fracture of _____
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radial head
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___ or displaced anterior fat pad is also used to diagnose occult radial head fractures, but is less sensitive than displacement of the posterior fat pad
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sail sign
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monteggia fracture-dislocation is classified by the __ system
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bado system
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proximal ulnar fracture with anterior dislocation of the radial head
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monteggia fracture
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this is due to a forceful pronation injury of the forearm
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monteggia fracture
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reverse monteggia fracture or piedmont fracture
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galeazzi's fracture
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fracture of the radius at the junction of the middle and distal thirds with distal radioular joint dislocation
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galeazzi's fracture
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this fracture pattern may be caused by a fall on an outstretched hand or from a direct trauma to the dorsal aspect of the wrist
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galeazzi's fracture
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greenstick fracture is due to (direct/indirect) trauma
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direct
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there is incomplete fracture of a long bone with cortical disruption on one side and deformity on the other resulting in bowing of the bone
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greenstick fracture
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also called a lorrie or hutchinson fracture
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chaffeur (backfire)
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this fracture results from a direct injury to the thenar side of the wrist, resulting in intraarticular fracture at the base of radial styloid
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chauffeur
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this type of fracture resulted from a backfire when a crank was used to start a motor in automobiles
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chauffeur
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common fracture in elderly patients, consisting of a transverse fracture of the distal radial metaphysis proximal to the joint with dorsal displacement of the distal fragment
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colles fracture
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this structure is commonly fractured as well in colles fracture
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ulnar styloid process
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another name for colles fracture
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pouteau fracture
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consists of an intraarticular fracture of the dorsal margin of the distal radius. the fracture line is oblique and extends to the radiocarpal joint. FOOSH
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barton fracture
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refers to an intraarticular fracture through the distal radius which involves the volar rim of the radius.
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reverse barton fracture
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also called a reverse colles fracture
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smith fracture
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transverse fracture of the distal radial metaphysis with palmar displacement tfo the distal fracture fragmeent
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smith fracture
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this fracture results from a backward fall onto the outstretched hand
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smith fracture
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most common carpal fracture
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scaphoid fracture
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special scaphoid views with the hand in what position may be needed to detect these fractures
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ulnar deviation
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also known as a buckle fracture
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torus fracture
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this is a compression fracture of a long bone, typically in children
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torus fracture
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intraarticular fracture of the base of the first metacarpal
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bennett fracture
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the action of this muscle causes distraction of the fracture fragments in bennett fracture
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abductor pollicis longus
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involves the distal metacarpal neck usually of digit five
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boxer's fracture
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generally due to direct trauma and may be associated with other osseous injuries
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metacarpal fracture
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also called a dropped finger or baseball finger
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mallet finger
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results from hyperflexion to the distal interphalangeal joint
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mallet finger
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there is a dorsal avulsion fracture of the base of the distal phalax
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mallet finger
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mallet finger is typical at what digit?
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second digit
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fractures of the hand that are due to direct trauma or twisting injuries
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phalangeal fracture
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this phalangeal fracture is the most serious because it may disrupt or adhese the extensor or flexor mechanism with loss of mobility of the fingers
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proximal phalanx fracture
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this phalangeal fracture is typically due to crush mechanisms
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distal phalanx fracture
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partial or total disruption of the ulnar collateral ligament at the MCP joint of the thumb. it is also associated with fracture at the base of the proximal phalanx
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gamekeeper's thumb
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gamekeeper's thumb is also called as (2)
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skier's thumb
ski pole fracture |
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impaction fracture from axial loading. what type of occipital condyle fx
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type I
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basilar skull fracture from direct blow
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type II
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avulsion fracture from rotational or lateral bending
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type III
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oblique fracture of lower cervical spinous process commonly c7
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clay shoveler's fracture
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mechanism of injury of clay shoveler's fracture
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hyperflexion
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results from rotational forces across the cervical spine
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dens fracture
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most common mechanism of dens fracture
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flexion
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an avulsion fracture arising from the tip of the dens at the site of the alar ligaments
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type I
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fracture at the base without extension to the body of C2
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type II
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fracture through the body of C2, not actually involving the dens
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type III
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bilateral pedicle or pars fracture involving the c2 vertebral body
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hangman's fracture
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mechanism of injury of hangman's fracture
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hyperextension, axial loading, rebound flexion
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fracture of the C1 ring
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jefferson fracture
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results from an axial loading injury to the head with compression force to c1 typically from diving
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jefferson fracture
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