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16 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

A fracture in which the bone breaks cleanly but does not penetrate the skin is?

Simple Fracture

When broken ends of the bone protrude through the skin, the fracture is?

Compound Fracture

Bone Fragments into three or more pieces. Particularly common in the ged, wholes bones are more brittle.

Comminuted Fracture

Bone is Crushed. Common in Porous Bones (i.e., osteoporotic bones) Subjected to extreme trauma, as in a fall.

Compression Fracture

Ragged break occurs when excessive twisting forces are applied to a bone. Common sports fracture

Spiral Fracture

Epiphysis separates from the Diaphysis along the Epiphyseal Plate. Tends to occur where cartilage cells are dying an calcification of the matrix is occurring.

Epiphyseal Fracture

Broken bone portion is pressed inward Typical of Skull Fracture.

Depressed Fracture

Bone breaks incompletely, much in the way a green twig breaks. Only one side of the shaft breaks; the other side bends. Common in children, whose bones have relatively more organic matrix and are more flexible than those of adults.

Greenstick Fracture

A fracture is treated by .... which is the realignment of the broken bone ends.

Reduction

By this type of reduction the bone ends are coaxed back into position by the physician's hands.

Closed Reduction

By this type of reduction the bone ends are joined surgically with pins or wires. After the broken bone is reduced, it is immobilized by a cast or traction to allow healing process to begin. Healing time is about 6 to 8 weeks for a simple fracture, but it is longer for large, weight bearing bones and for the bones of elderly people.

Open Reduction

The fracture is usually accompanied by hemorrhaging. Blood vessels break in the periosteum and inside the bone, releasing blood the clots to for a hematoma.

Hematoma Formation

Within a few days, new blood vessels grow into the clot. The periosteum and endosteum near the fracture site show a proliferation of bone-forming cells, which then invade the clot fillig it with repair tissue called soft callus. The soft callus is a fibrous granulation tissue which later becomes "Dense Connective Tissue containing Fribrocartilage and hyaline Cartilage.

Fibrocartilaginous Callus Formation

After the Dense connective tissue containing fibrocartilage and hyaline cartilage the soft callus is also called

Fibrocartilaginous Callus.

Within a week, trabeculae of new bone begin to form in the callus, mostly by endochondral ossification. These trabeculae span the width of the callus and unite the two fragments of the broken bone.

Bony Callus Formation

Over a period of many months, the bony callus is remodeled. The excess bony material is removed from both the exterior of the bone shaft and the interior of the medullary cavity. Compact bone is laid down to reconstruct the shaft walls. The repaired area resembles the original unbroken bone region, because it responds to the same set of mechanical stresses.

Bone Remodeling