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11 Cards in this Set
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- Back
Alexis de Toqueville
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Analyzed U.S. society and the democratic culture and structure. Thought democratic and egalitarian values influenced U.S. social institutions and also transformed personal relationships. (A democracy gave people an overall voice, but individuals lost their opinions and voice).
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Auguste Comte
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Believed sociology could discover the laws of human social behavior. Thought understanding the laws would enable the people to solve their society's problems. Coined the term "sociology" and was the founder of modern sociology.
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C. Wright Mills
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Believed sociology was the relationship between individuals and their society. Argued that sociology should be used to reveal how the context of society shapes our lives. Made distinction between "troubles" and "issues."
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Emile Durkheim
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Public rituals create social solidarity. People in society are glued together by belief systems. Conceived of society as an integrated whole, each part contributing to the overall stability of the system. His work is the basis for functionalism. Discovered the social basis of human behavior. Noted that social facts were the proper subject of sociology.
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George Herbert Mead
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Individual and society are interdependent. Further elaborated Cooley's theory that individual identity developed through people's understanding of how they are perceived by others.
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Harriet Martineau
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Thought subservience of women in the U.S. was comparable to slavery. Slavery would tear the U.S. apart. Used powers of social observation to record and analyze the social structure of society. One of the founders of early sociological thought.
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Herbert Spencer
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Believed society was best left alone to follow its natural evolutionary course. Advocated a laissez-faire approach to social charge.
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Jane Addams
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One of the most renowned sociologists of her day and a leader in the settlement house movement. Used her skills as a research sociologist to develop community projects to help people in need.
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Karl Marx
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Devoted to explaining how capitalism shaped the society. Believed economic organization of society was the most important influence. Analyzed capitalism as an economic system with enormous implications for how society is organized.
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Max Weber
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Verstehen (an understanding of social behavior form the perspective of those engaged in it). Theorized society had 3 basic dimensions: political, economic and cultural. Credited with developing a multi-dimensional analysis of society that goes beyond Marx's analysis.
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W.E.B. Du Bois
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Troubled by the racial division in society. Envisioned a community-based, activist profession committed social justice. Scientific approach to sociological questions. Thought sociology should be used to study the pressing issues of the time.
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