Fossil Fuels - Alternate Sources Of Energy

Front 1

Exxon- Valdez oil spill

Back 1

11 million gallons, 1 billion $ fine, killed wildlife off of alaska

Front 2

Persian Gulf War

Back 2

defense of oil, iraq vs kuwait, $50billion/yr to defend oil supply

Front 3

nuclear power

Back 3

conversion of matter to energy

Front 4

breeder reactor

Back 4

generate new fuel as they burn; also create weapon-grade plutonium

Front 5

nuclear fission

Back 5

basis of modern nuclear power plants, depends on U-235

Front 6

Uranium

Back 6

exists in nature in the form of different isotopes

Front 7

isotopes

Back 7

forms of the same element that differ from one another in mass number

Front 8

U-238

Back 8

stable and natural but can't be used as fuel

Front 9

U-235

Back 9

unstable

Front 10

enrichment

Back 10

concentrate U-235 to get a power source

Front 11

radioactive decay

Back 11

unstable isotopes tend to degrade into stable ones giving off radiation

Front 12

half-life

Back 12

time required for one half of the isotope to decay to another form

Front 13

chain reaction

Back 13

nuclear power production must slow chain reaction, the process of decay of U-235 that feeds itself

Front 14

moderator

Back 14

substance such as graphite which slow down/absorb free neutrons

Front 15

heavy water

Back 15

an isotope of H

Front 16

graphite

Back 16

make up control rods

Front 17

nuclear reactor

Back 17

slow down/absorb free electrons

Front 18

reactor vessel

Back 18

seal up fuel & control rods

Front 19

fuel rods

Back 19

of enriched uranium pellets

Front 20

control rods

Back 20

of graphite moderators, inserted between fuel rods.

Front 21

containment building

Back 21

where fuel & control rods sealed in a reactor vessel are immersed in water

Front 22

double loop

Back 22

2 streams of water that interface w/each other

Front 23

nuclear meltdown

Back 23

loss of coolant water causes the reactor vessel to overheat, melting the fuel and control rods

Front 24

radioactive wastes

Back 24

byproduct of nuclear fission

Front 25

NIMBY

Back 25

nuclear waste.

Front 26

Chelyabinsk-64

Back 26

Russian nuclear plant dumped wastes into lake via river

Front 27

lake karachay

Back 27

deadliest place on earth

Front 28

Tokaimura

Back 28

chain reaction in storage barrels, exposed 37 workers to radioactive smoke

Front 29

three mile island

Back 29

harrisburg, pennsylvania 1979. partial meltdown some radioactive gas escaped

Front 30

chernobyl

Back 30

nuc plant lost coolant water to the reactor vessel

Front 31

nuclear fusion

Back 31

2 atoms of hydrogen fuse to form one atom of helium, releasing an enormous amount of energy

Front 32

wind power

Back 32

only practical in areas with sustained wind. harms birds

Front 33

water power (hydroelectricity)

Back 33

only practical in areas with rushing water/ whip out rivers, alter entire watershed

Front 34

geothermal energy

Back 34

harvests natural steam water from a hotspot

Front 35

bioconversion

Back 35

converting biomass into energy, methane gas from trash

Front 36

solar power

Back 36

flow of electrons b/w 2 layers of pv cells

Front 37

photovoltaic cell (PVC)

Back 37

used in solar power

Front 38

electrolysis

Back 38

splitting water into hydrogen & oxygen to form water; releases electrons

Front 39

hydrogen fuel cells

Back 39

energy used in electric cars; combines hydrogen & oxygen to form water, releases electrons, requires electrolysis to get free hydrogen atoms