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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is maternal deprivation?
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Failure to form an reciprocal attachment with the mother during the first 1-5 years of infancy
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What is privation?
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Failure to form an attachment to a primary care-giver during the first 2 1/2 years of infancy
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What is deprivation
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Pro-longed separation from a primary care-giver and a lack of adequate, substitute, care during the first 2 1/2 years of infancy
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At what age is the 'sensitive period' |
1-5 Y/O
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At what age is the 'critical period'?
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1-2 1/2 Y/O
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What is affectionless psychopathy?
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A personality that develops as a result of long-term maternal deprivation during infancy, categorized by a lack of guilt and remorse and criminal behaviours
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The internal working model
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Fails to form due to a lack of emotional bonding to a care-giver during infancy. This makes forming (romantic) relationships during adulthood and adolescence difficult
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What does an attachment require? What is it NOT equal to?
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A two-way emotional bond between an infant and primary care giver. It must be reciprocal.
Emotional care does NOT equal physical care |
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Evaluation: support for Bowlby
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44 juvenile thieves were interviewed and a control group of non-thieves
14/44 of the thieves showed traits of affectionless psychopathy. 12/14 had separation from their mother during the first 2 years of infancy only 2 non-thieves were found to be affectionless psychopaths |
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Evaluation: issues with Bowlby's 44 thieves study: issues and debates
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Lacks population validity (white, british males)
Cultural bias Reductionist Only males TF is gender bias |
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Evaluation: Bowlby's 44 thieves study: methodology
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Interviews allow collection of qualitative data,
Interviews may have led to social desirability bias Small group of participants Relies on memories of participants during infancy Parents interviewed may lie to make them look better |
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Evaluation: Bowlby 44 thieves study
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Fails to differentiate between privation and deprivation.
Privation is a failure to form an attachment. deprivation is the loss of an already established attachment |
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Id principles
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Instantaneous gratification. Works on a pleasure principle
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Ego principles
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Works on a reality principle
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Superego principles
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Your conscious. Works on a morality principle
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The id is
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Developed instantly, it's an innate part of you
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The ego is:
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Developed as your cognition develops from the age of 2
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The superego is:
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Developed through experience at the age 4
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What are the three types of ego? |
Deviant, weak and over-harsh |
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Deviant |
When a child identifies with their same-sex parent during the phallic stage but the same-sex parent is a criminal. This means their child will adopt the same deviant attitudes |
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Weak |
When a child does not identify with their same-sex parent and as a result does not learn moral attitudes. This leads to anti-social behaviour and actions that are carried out purely to satisfy the Id |
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Over-harsh |
When there is an over-development of the superego, leading to constant feelings of guilt and anxiety. These feelings can only be lost when the person is caught for their deviant behaviours and subsequently punished. It occurs when a child identifies with a strict same-sex parent |
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Evaluation of: freud methodological issues |
Only used case studies on one participant therefore cannot be generalise, subject to lacking population validity and is gender bias |
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Evaluation: freud is not scientific |
You cannot measure the unconscious or establish cause and effect. There's only a correlation. |
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Evaluation: Freud: issues and debates |
Reductionist- behaviour only linked to psychosexual stages. Ignores other theories such as the role of genetics/inheritance in offending behaviour. Only focuses on the role of emotions |
