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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what was the system used to distingush between two individuals before the use of fingerprints
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bertillon system
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what was the bertillon system based on and why did it become obsolete
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a series of body measurements; because two prisoners had same names and were similar in every way possible
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what structure makes a fingerprint and what is the purpose of these structures
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ridge characteristics; to assist with gripage and to help sweat evaporate quicker
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when were fingerprints developed as a forensics tool
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it took off in europe in the 1800s
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what two body fluids are a fingerprint composed of? (discuss the laying of fingerprints)
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oils and sweat (water-based); when laying a fingerprint sweat and oils are left behind. (it begins heavy but evaporates and becomes lighter)
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what are the three main classes in order, and their sub-categories
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loops=60
radial loop (towards thumb) ulnar loop (towards little finger) whorls=30 double loop whorl accidental whorl plain whorl central pocket whorl arches=10 plain arch tented arches |
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what is a compostite fingerprint
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a mixture of two classes
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list and define the classifications studied in class
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bifurcations
deltas islands enclosures ridge endings |
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if a fingerprint has no deltas...
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arch
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if a fingerprint has one delta...
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loop
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if a fingerprint has two or more deltas...
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whorl
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how many ridge characteristics are there in a normal fingerprint
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150
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how many ridge characteristics are needed to make a positive fingerprint match
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8-16
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what are some methods people have tried in altering their fingerprints
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burning
acid surgery sandpaper cutting |
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what other parts of the body have similar prints
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whole hand and foot (including toes)
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how many types of prints are in the henry system and how many combinations can be generated from it
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10; 1024
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how does the henry system work
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its based on whorls and you get points for having a whorl at a certain place
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who uses the henry system
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fbi
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what problem is solved by the adding of 1 to the henry system equation? what specific situation would lead to this requirement?
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the problem of having a zero over a zero; if a person has no whorls
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how is a plastic print documented/reserved?
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covered with wax and the wax is then lifted away
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how are visible prints documented/preserved?
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photographed as close as possible
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how are latent prints documented/preserved?
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dusting or supergluing
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what are the two classes of surfaces that latent prints can be found on?
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porous and non-porous
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what is AFIS and who uses it
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automated fingerprint identification system; a trained professional
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what does AFIS do to fingerprints
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scans fingerprints in una computadora
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what is the study of lip prints called
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cheiloscopy
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what are the five types of lip prints
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diamond
short vertical grooves long vertical grooves branching rectangular |
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besides giving visible prints, how can lipstick be used to identify someone
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chromatography
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what can be learned from a shoe print
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size of suspect
type of shoe age of shoe distinctive walking styles |
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why can bite marks be used to id a suspect
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because each person has a distinct pattern to their teeth
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what are some distinguishing characteristics of someone's teeth
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removals
particular shape to mouth cavities |
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where can bite marks be found
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food and skin
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are bite marks useful in non-criminal forensics
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yes, in identifying disaster victims (strong fires, bombs, collapsing buildings)
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infallible
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trustworthy
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portrait parle
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verbal descritption of a perpetrator's physical characterisitcs + dress provided by an eyewitness
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impetus
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moving force
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outcome of united states v. byron c. mitchell case
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human ridges are unique and permanent
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iodine fuming
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technique for visualizing latent fingerprints by exposing them to iodine vapors (porous surfaces)
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sublimation
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solid to gas
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ninhydrin
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chemical reagent used to develop latent fingerprints on porous materials
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super glue fuming
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technique for visualizing latent fingerprints on non-porous surfaces
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physical developer
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silver based chemical to "develop" prints like a picture
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