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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Francois-Emmanuel Fodere
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Treatise on forensic medicine and public health (1798)
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Carl Scheele
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Developed first test for detecting arsenic (1775)
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Valentin Ross
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Improved Scheele's test and used stomach lining (1806)
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Mathieu Orfila
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First treatise on poisons and their affect on animals (1814) and father of toxicology (forensic)
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William Nichol
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Invents polarizing microscope (1828)
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Henry Beayrd
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First to develop a test to detect sperm (1839)
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Beard- creepyy
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Hemoglobin
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First test was developed in 1853
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Blood
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First test to detect it was developed in 1863
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Alphonse Bertillon
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Developed 1st method of individual identification based on measurements. The father of criminal identification.(Anthropometry)
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illion- measurement
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Thomas Taylor
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Recommends using fingerprints as a reliable means of indentification (1877)
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Thought's to the "T"
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Francis Galton
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Develops 1st classification system of fingerprints (1882)
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Hans Gross
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Writes 1st important book on investigation (1893)
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ATF
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Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms
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DEA
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Drug Enforcement Authority
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Federal System?
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None in u.s., though 350 individual public labs
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The existing crime labs in u.s. services offered varies because..
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-Variances in laws. -Budgeting & staffing restrictions. -The dif functions of the organization that the lab is attached to
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Car/Landsteiner
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Discovered blood groups (1901)
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Alex Jeffreys
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Developed 1st DNA profiling test (1984)
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1st Lab in U.S.?
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In L.A. and established by August Vollmer in 1923
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National Laboratory For FBI
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Founded by J. Edgar Hoover in 1932
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Walter McCrone
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Developed extensive uses for the microscope in solving crime
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Who first recognized the importance of Forensic Science?
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Chinese
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Albert Osborn
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Wrote first important book re: document examination in 1910 (questioned documents)
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Edmond Locard
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Established 1st crime lab in Lyons (1910)
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What began the push for enlarging forensic lab availability?
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The disappearance of the confession due to the Miranda Laws and the need for immediate councel
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What caused the growth of crime labs in the U.S.?
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Agencies that saw the need for them or by laws requiring evidence before sentencing.
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Locards Exchange Principle
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Believed that when a person comes in contact with an object or person, a cross-transfer of materials occurs
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Frye V. United States
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Generally Accepted Principal; the judicial admissibility of scientific examinations. (General acceptance). Whether or not the polygraph should be admissible in court
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Daubert V. Merrill
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The U. S. Supreme Court asserted that "general acceptance," or the Frye standard, is not an absolute prerequisite to the admissibility of scientific evidence under the Federal Rules of Evidence. (Gatekeeper).
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Odontology
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Proper handling, examination and evaluation of dental evidence.
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Toxicology
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A branch of biology, chemistry, and medicine concerned with the study of the adverse effects of chemicals on living organisms. Also studies the harmful effects of chemical, biological and physical agents in biological systems that establishes the extent of damage in living organisms.
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Biologists
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Examine blood and other bodily fluids, hair, bones, insects, plant and animal remains to help identify victims and support criminal investigations.
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Who undertook the first definitive work or study on fingerprints as a method of personal identification?
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Francis Galton
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Who established the comparison microscope as the tool of modern firearms examiners?
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Colonel Goddard
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Who established the first workable crime lab?
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Edmund Locard
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What would be included in the work of a biology unit in a crime lab?
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Blood typing, comparison of hairs, DNA profiling, semen stains
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Who is the final evaluator of forensic evidence?
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Jury
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What type of cases would you most likely find bite marks?
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Sexual assault
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What do we call the systematic collection, organization and analysis of information?
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The scientific method
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The effectiveness of an expert's testimony is almost always dependent on what?
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-Their experiences. -Their concise language. -Their educational background
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What Ammendment contains info on Search and seizure?
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4th amendment
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What caused crime labs rapid growth?
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-Advent of the DNA profiling -Increase in crime rates -Increase in drug-related arrests -Supreme Court decisions in the 1960's
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What would not be included in the work of the biology unit of a crime lab?
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Fingerprint analysis
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In the case of Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceutical, Inc., the U.S. Supreme Court advocated that a "gatekeeper" determine the admissibility and reliability of scientific evidence. This gatekeeper is the:
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Trial judge
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What is the LEAST important consideration in the gathering of evidence at a crime scene?
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Guilt of the suspects
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The rate of cooling a dead body can be influenced by all BUT the:
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Gender of the victim
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What is NOT a manner of death?
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Drowning
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Bite marks would be LEAST likely to be found in cases involving:
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Arson
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What matter is NOT the province of civil litigation? The determination of competency to:
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Stand trial of burglary
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The most basic method of crime scene recording does NOT include:
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Narrated videotapes
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Charred debris from an arson scene should be:
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Packaged in air tight glass jar
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A properly maintained chain of custody is NOT the responsibility of the:
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Trial judge
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Forensic databases do not maintain:
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Dental Impressions
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Who determines ultimate admissibility?
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The judge
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Who was the first person to apply the principles of forensic science to a working crime laboratory?
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Edmund Locard
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What is the first ID system that used a series of body measurments
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Anthropometry
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In contrast to the US, Britains crime lab system is characterized by a national sytem of ____ labs
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Centralized
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Four important federal agencies offering forensic services are:
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FBI, ATFE, Postal Inspection services, and DEA
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Which individual contributed knowledge to the forensic characterization of blood?
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Jeffreys
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Contributions of Henry Gross:
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-first treatise on scientific discipline -forensic journal
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