Forensic Psychology Midterm

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legal definitions of insanity are crafted by

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judges and legislature

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cretibility assessment is also referred to as

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lie dection

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the control question test (CQT) posits that guilty individuals react to ..... questions, whereas innocent individuals react to..... questions

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relevant, control

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lying is considered to be and adaptive behavior from an ... point of view

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evolutionary

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false confessions may occur as a result of

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intimidation, deception, fatigue

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A highly publicized trial in california which was later seen as a factor in the subsequent death of Harvey Milk, brought up the influence of heavy ingestion of junk food on the mental state. The defense of the accused, Dan White (1978) was referred to as the....

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twinkie defense

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a challenge for cause is ... whereas a permptory challenge .....

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with reason, without reason

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the type of serial killer that receives satisfaction through controlling the victim is referred to as a

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power oriented killer

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in the construction of memory it is not uncommon to find that distortion may take place as we try to retrieve that memory. the fallowing is true when we encode an event

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encoding; gathering information and it in a form that can be held

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7th ammendment

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the right to a trial by jury in most civil cases

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when the eyewitness is a child it is likey that accuracy of the information they can provide is

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less accurate than adults

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malingering is

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faking or exaggerating mental illness

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the group of prospect jurors is called

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venire

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cross racial identifications are generally... accurate than/as same race identification

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less

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a person accused of a crime has the right to plead guilty and deny having an attorney, however according to the supreme court (Johnson v. Zerbst) a guilty plea must be

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knowing, voluntary, intelligent

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why might judges be reluctant to fully embrace psychological research?

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they might view social science as an attempt to undermine their authority

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according to the text those found not guilty by reason of insanity generally spend.... amount of time in a secured mental hospital than they would if they serve out in prison the sentence they would have received if found guilty

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more

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not only do mock jurors provide important information to attorneys regarding possible traits that would be advantageous in a true jury, but they also offer an opportunity to assess

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strengths and weaknesses of the case

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the process of drawing inferences about the suspects personality, behavior, motivation and demographics characteristic based on evidence is referred to as

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criminal profiling

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Menninger's book "the crime of punishment" focused on

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the greater use of therapeutic methods to rehidilitation

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courts can reccomned focible medication of defendants

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who are a harm to themselves or others

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most serial killers are..... and of ..... inteligence

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white males, average

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eyewitnesses depend on... to identify or describe a suspect

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memory

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when describing memory, ... is the first componet required in the process of neccessary for retantion

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encoding

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the Reid technique is a form of interrogation that relies on a psychological process to glean information from a suspect. One step of it is

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establishing a sense of social isolation

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acccording to the test, insanity

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refers to the criminals state of mind during the time the crime occured

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the tendency to attribute others behavior to dispositional causes such as personality is referred to as

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fundamental attribution error

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the reassigning of a face that is familiar from another context to the scene of a crime is referred to as

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unconscious transference

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according to the text, postpartum psychosis usually occurs within the

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first 90 days after child birth

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the federal Polygraph Protection Act of 1988 prohibited.... from administering polygraphs for the purpose of hiring for a job

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most private employers

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the Durham standard took into consideration

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an accused is not criminally responsible if his unlawful act was the product of mental disease or defect

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many serial killers seem to prefer to use .... methods of killing such as.....

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intimate- stabbing, strangulation, torture

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the process of having an eyewhitness looking at one person or photograph at a time is referred to as .... lineups

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sequential

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insanity is considered

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a legal judgment decided by the court

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in terms of the burden of proff, in criminal cases the standard of proof for a person to be found guilty is ..... whereas in a civil trial, the standard of proof is...

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beyond a reasonable doubt, preponderance of evidence

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techniques for refreshing witnesses memory include

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hypnosis and cognitive interviews

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a direct accusation that suspects committed the crime for which they are charged is referred to as

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certainty of guilt

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"giving psychology away" according to Miller (1969) refers to

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using psychological tenets to solve social problems

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when two or more crimes are commited by the same person it is referred to as

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case linkage

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serial killers that tend to torture their victims and kill for sadistic sexual pleasure are referred to as .... types

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hedonstic

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techniques such as the use of drugs, alcohol, and physical destractions are all examples of

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counter-measuring to polygraph tests

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expert testimony

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provided specialized knowledge

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6th ammendment

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right to a trial by an impartial jury in criminal cases

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according to the text there are approximately... FBI specialists in the area of profiling

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12

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Postpartum depression differs from postpartum blues in that new mothers with postpartum depression..... while those with postpartum blues...

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have sucidal thoughts, display anxiety

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mock juries often used by trial consultants to primarly evaluate their .......... prior to selection of a true jury

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strengths and weaknesses of the case

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killers that tend to be more impulsive and select victims more randomly are referred to as

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disorganized killers

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the primary goal of psychological science is to

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provide a full and accurate explanation of human behavior

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voir dire is the

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questions asked to potential jurors attorneys get the chance to remove or challenge potential jurors

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one problem with using polygraph tests as a part of a criminal investigation is that

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many polygraph tests are not done under controlled conditions

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if restoration to competence cannot be accomplished proceedings may be held to issue a

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mental health hold, medication, or determine competency in foreseeable future

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the psychiatric illnesses most commonly associated with successful insanity pleas include

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mental retardation, psychosis, mood disorders

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the theory behind the polygraph test is that

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lies will be seen by physiological changes

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the biggest most important benefit of having a shadow jury take place according to the text is that because they will actually hear the same testimony as the actual jury they can provide...

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critical feedback that allows attorneys to adjust stragities

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the polygraph may be used as a method to evoke...

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a confession

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the NASH system is utilized to classify

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cause of death

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in high profile cases trial consultants are often hired. Trial consultants utilize a ..... approach to jury selection

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data driven

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the legal definition of wheather an individual has the capacity to perform necessary personal or legal functions is known as

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competency to stand trial

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police prefer confessions because

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it saves time

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mens rea refers to .... whereas actus rues refers to.....

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intent to commit crime or the guilty mind, physical act of the crime guilty actions

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bias reducing instructions are used to assist eyewitnesses to be accurate in their identification of a suspect, an example such instructions as noted in the text is telling the eyewitness that

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the true criminal may not be in the line up

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pro bono is lega service

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free of charge

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according to the text the attempt to examine the psychological state of an individual prior to his or her death is known as

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psychological autopsy

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in therms of plea bargains, Grisso at al (2003) found that they number of youths aged 11-13 years old were ..... likely to accept a plea bargain than young adults

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more

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cognitive dissonance may best be described as

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two beliefs or a belief and a action that are in conflict

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the concept that a person who commits a crime will recieve punishment through the workings of our legal system is called

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justice

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if a potential juror is removed because they are unlikely to be able to deliver an impartial verdict based purely on evidence this type of removal is reffered to as

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a challenge for cause

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miranda rights contain how many sections

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4

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.... is the part of memory process that involves accessing and pulling out stored information at a later time

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retrieval

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the ultimate goal of questioning suspects is to

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elicit a confession

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the guilty but mentally ill verdict states that certain people who are found guilty of a criminal act should spend time of their sentence in..... and receive.....

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mental institution, treatment

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when determining insanity the courts rely on

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clinical psychologists

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the behavior of ..... tends to be more elaborate and ritualistic than that of other killers

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organized killers

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according to the text what is usually referred to as jury selection is actually a process of

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voir dire

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competency to stand trial refers to the psychological state of the accused...

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at the time of the trial

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that two criteria based on the cause of Dusky v. US must be met for a person to be competent to stand trial in the US?

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ability to communicate with their lawyer and to understand the proceedings

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How do jurors view the insanity defense?

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they translate the definition, use preexisting common sense notions, and are not constricted by legal definitions or instructions

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what is the purpose of a psychological autopsy and when would it be used

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the psychological autopsy is used to try and gather as much information about the victim before the crime occurred. They would look at their mail, phone records, talk to friends and family. They would use this is a mother went missing.