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572 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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SIB?
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Single idea bullet.
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"I" language
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language that describes the speakers position without evaluating others
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"you" language
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language that judges another person increasing the likely hood of a defensive reaction
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3 self
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material, social, spiritual, cyber?
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4 major functions of feedforward?
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open the channels of communication, preview the message, altercast and disdain
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4 steps to maintaining a healthy and self–empowering self–concept?
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1. identify yourself with a strong opinion of self 2. find positive role models to guide you 3. take time to reflect and become aware of your personal needs and motivations 4. try different experiences
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4 types of noise?
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physical, physiological, psychological, semantic
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5 basic categories of kinesics
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emblems, illustrators, affect displays, regulators, adaptors
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5 dimensions of feedback?
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positive–negative, person–focused message, immediate–delayed, low–monitored–high–monitored and supportive–critical
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A Scribed Identity
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An identity assigned to you by others
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abstaction ladder
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a range of more to less abstract terms describing an event or object
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abstract
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meaning resulting from inability to experience a referent with one of senses
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abstract languge
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language that lacks or does not refer to observable behavior or other sensory data
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Abstract Meaning
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Meaning that refers to something that con not be preceived or experienced with one of the senses.
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accepted standards for the format of the printed presentation?
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Ensure you: (1)Double space text. (2)Ensure all main points are adequately supported; paper lengths will vary depending on the topic and/or requirements. (3)If computer–generated, use a 12–point, Times New Roman font; maintain one–inch margins all around; align text to left margin; do not center or justify text. (4)If handwritten, print or write legibly; use standard 8.5" by 11" college–ruled notebook paper; remove any frayed, spiral, or perforated edges; ensure letter are distinguishable from lower case letters.
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According to Dr. Kline, what properties of voice?
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Quality, intelligibility and variety.
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acculturation
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learning about other cultures through interaction
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act of producing a message?
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encoding
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act of receiving messages and translating the sound waves?
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decoding
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Action Oriented Listeners
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Those who perfer that the message communocated by others contain information that is functional, well organized, breif and accurate
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ad lib speaking
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speaker has no time to organize ideas and responds immediately when answering a question, volunteering an opinion, or interacting during a question–and–answer session
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Adapt
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To adjust both what is communicated and how a message is communicated to make choices about how best to formulate a message and respond to others to achieve your communication goals.
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adaptors
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nonverbal behaviors that help satisfy a personal need or help a person adapt or respond to immediate situation; movements that are unintentional body movements in reaction to boredom or stress
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Adjustment
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Making things better
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advising
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helping response in which the reciever offers suggestions about how the speaker should deal with a problem
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affect blends
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the combination of two or more expressions each following a different emotion
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Affect Display
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A non verbal behavior that communicates emotions.
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affect displays
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movements that reflect the intensity of our emotions of feelings
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affinity
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the degree to which people like or appreciate eachother; normally expressed nonverbally
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Allness
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language reflecting unqualified, often untrue, generalization denying individual differences
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altruistic lies
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deception that was intended to be unmalicious
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ambiguous message?
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messages with more than one potential meaning
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ambushers
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a style in which the reciever listens carefully to gather information to use in an attack on the speaker
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Amy
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Fat housebound whore with low self–esteem cause she's a frickin' glacier
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analyzing
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a helping style in which the listener offers an interpertation of a speakers message
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Arousal
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Non verbal behaviors such as vocal expression facial expression and gesters that communicate feelings of intrest and excitement.
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Artifact
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Clothing or another element of apperance (e.g. jewelry tattoos, pericings, make–up, clogne.)
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assertion
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direct perception of sender's needs, thoughts, or feelings delievered in a way that does not attack the reciever's dignity
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assimilationist perspective?
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people should leave their native culture and go to a new one.
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Asynchronous Commuication
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communication in which timing is out of sync there is a time delay between when you send a message and when you receive it.
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Asynchronous Listening
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listening to recorded messages such as those on an answering machine or voice mail which do not allow you to get an opportunity for you to get a response to your feedback.
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Attend
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To maintain a sustained focus on a particular message.(primary listening pattern0
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attending
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the process of focusing on certain stimuli from the enviorment
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attention
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what you attend to or notice in your environment
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Attitude
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A learned predisposition to respond to a person, object, or idea in a favorable or unfavorable way.
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attributes of an effective bullet statement?
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It should be specific, accurate and concise.
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Attribution theory
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very general causal attributions (crying–sad, laughing–happy)
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audience analysis
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consists of assessing the demographics psychographic, and rhetorographic characteristics of your prospective listeners
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autostereotype
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judgement about your own culture
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Avowed Identity
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An identity you assign to yourself and portray
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Back– Channel Cue
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A vocal cue that signals when we want to talk and when we don't.
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barriers that can hinder effective communications?
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They are organizational, language, managerial, and psychological. Organizational barriers are a result of personnel not understanding their responsibilities and the lines of authority within a given organizational structure. Language barriers result from our inability to use yhe proper words to communicate with our receiver. Managerial barriers stem from managers not listening and not taking an understanding attitude toward information and suggestions that reach them. Psychological barriers result from psychological needs not beeing met. These needs are a feeling of security, opportunity for advancement, a desire to be treated fairly, and a realization that one's work is both useful and important.
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barriers to perception
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making a fundamental attribution error, exhibiting a self–serving bias, imposing consistency
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basic concept of paragraph coherence?
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All of the paragraph parts should be arranged so that their relationship is clear to the reader.
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basic idea behind writing a draft?
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The primary objective is to get your ideas down on paper in some form so you can edit and revise.
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behavioral description
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an account that refers only to observable phenomena
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Belief
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The way in which you structure your understanding of reality– what is true and what is false.
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body of a speech
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develops through major points as well as any sub–points needed to develop the speaker's central idea
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breadth
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the range of topics at which an individual discloses
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Buber
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I–IT(impersonal) and I–Thou(interpersonal) communications
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bullet statement?
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A concise, written statement of a single idea or a single accomplishment and the impact.
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By Passing
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A comminication problem that arises when the same words mean different things to different people.
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case method of organizational speech structure
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in which the speaker discusses the central idea without breaking it into sub points
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Causal attribution theory
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cause for behavior is person, stimulus, circumstance
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causal method of issue arrangement
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shows how two or more events are connected in such a way that if one occurs, the other will necessarily follow
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certianty
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messages that imply that the speakers position is correct and that the other person's ideas are not worth listening to
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channel
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message is sent from source to reciever by some sort of pathway. –talking on phone: auditory channel. –face to face has many channels (visual, auditory, smell (olfactory), touch (tactile)
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chronemics
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the study of how humans use and structure time
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clique? Discribe one advantage and one disadvantage of a clique within an organization.
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The formation of a clique is the direct result of our social instinct to band together in groups. A clique can bind people together by enhancing unit moral. However, a clique can also take on a life of its own and become independent of organization objectives.
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Closure
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The preceptual process or filling in missing information
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collectivist culture?
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benevolence, tradition and conformity (group values) your responsible for contributing to the success of the group
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commitment to the beliefs and philosophy of your culture?
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ethnic identity
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common obstacles to sentence coherence.
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(1) Faulty order of sentence parts and misplaced modifiers–sentence parts are not in the correct order. 2) Faulty parallelism–similar ideas or parts are not expressed in a parallel way. (3) Faulty relationship of ideas–reader cannot tell the relationship of sentence parts due to dangling modifiers or omissions.
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communibiological approach
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theoretical perspective that suggest commmunication behavior can be predicted based on personal traits and characteristics that result from people's genetic or biological backround
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COMMUNICATION
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is the process of making sense out of the world and sharing that sense with others by creating meaning through the use of verbal and nonverbal messages
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Communication accomodation theory
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adjustment of behavior to fit the behavior of others
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Communication Channels
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Ways of Communicating, Can be rich(face to face) or poor(e–mail)
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communication characteristics
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inescapable, irreversible, complicated, emphasizes content and relationship, governed by rules
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communication climate
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emotional tone of relationship as it is expressed in the messages that the partners send and receive
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Communication competence
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the message should: 1. be understood as the communicator intended it to be understood 2. Achieve the intended effect the communicator intended to achieve 3. Be ethical
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communication principles for a lifetime has 5 principles
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one: be aware of communication with yourself and others 2: effectively use and interpret verbal msg. 3:effectively use and interpret nonverbal msg. 4: listen and respond thoughtfullly to others. 5: appropriately adapt messages others
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communication.
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the act by one or more persons, of sending and receiving messages distorted by noise, occur within a context and provide feedback
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comparison method of issue organization
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which you would tell how the two types of institutions are alike
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comparison–contrast of issue arrangement
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speech that shows both similarities and differences
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complementary transactions?
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bringing your own ideas to the conversation and how you build on others ideas/sayings
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COMPONENTS OF COMMUNICATION
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source, message, receiver, channel
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comprimise
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an approach to conflict resoloution in which both parties attain atleast part of what they seek through self sacrifice
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conclusion of a speech
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can be used to summarize and/or motivate listeners to take a prescribed action
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concrete
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related to being able to experience a referent with one of our senses
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Concrete Meaning
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Meaning that refers to something that cannot be perceived with one of the senses.
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confirming response
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a response that conveys valueing caring and or respecting another person
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conflict
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an expressed struggle atleast between two parties who percieve incompatible goals
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Connoative Meaning
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The personal and subjective meaning of a word.
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connotative level
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conveys feelings, people create personal and subjective meaning
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considering the point of view for your communication, discribe how writing in the second person is done?
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The second person is the person spoken to; using the second person allows the writer to maintain some personal relationship with the reader.
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constructs
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thin/fat smart/dumb opposites and no in–between
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Content
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The information, ideas or suggested actions that a communicatior wishes to express what is said.
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content messages
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a message that communicates information about the subject being discussed
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content oriented listeners
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a listening style that focuses on the content of the message
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context
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physical and psychological environment for communication.
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contextual interpersonal behavior
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any communication between two people
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Contingent Self–Esteem
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Based on other's goals
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contrast method of issue arrangement
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developing the ideas by giving specific examples of differences between the two types of institutions
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control
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the social need to influence others
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controling message
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messages in which the sender tries to impose some sort of out come on the reciever usually resulting in a defence reaction
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convergence
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accomodating ones speaking style to another person who usually is desirable or has higher status
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counterfeit question
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a question that disguises the speakers true motive which doesn't include a genuine desire to understand the other person
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crazymaking
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passive aggressive messages sent in indirect ways that frustrate and confuse the recipiant
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Crisis Stage
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Consequences begin to be noticeable
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critical listening
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listening in which the goals are to judge the quality or accuracy of the speaker's remarks
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cues–filtered–out theory
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emotional expression is severely restricted when we communicate online because sending messages via internet filters out non–verbal cues.
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cultural context?
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the beliefs, values and ways of behaving that are shared by a group of people and passed down from one generation to the next
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cultural differences in general talk?
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opening and closing conversations, interrupting, knowing when to use humor, using nonverbal behavior, knowing proper balance of speech and listening
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Culture
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A learned system of knowledge, behavior, attitude, beliefs, values, rules, and norms that is shared by a group of people and shaped from one generation to the next.
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Culture shock stages
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Honeymoon, crisis, recovery, adjustment, reverse
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darwins universal emotions
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surprise, anger, disgust, fear, interest, sadness, happiness
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Decoding
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The process of interpreting ideas, feelings, and thoughts that have been translated into a code.
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deescalatory conflict
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a communication spiral in which each party slowly lessens their dependence on one another and become less invested in the relationship
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Defensive Communication
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Language that creates a climate of hostility and mistrust.
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defensive listening
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a response style in which the receiver perceives the speaker's comments as an attack
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demographics
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your listeners' characteristics based on their descriptions and backgrounds––include such factors as age, gender, religion, ethnicity, education, occupation, and race
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denotative level
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conveys content and is literal and restrictive meaning of a word
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Denotative Meaning
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The restrictive, or literal, meaning of a word.
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depth
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a level of personal information a person reveals on a particular topic
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descriptive communication
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messages that describe the seekers position without evaluating others
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developmental model
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these models propose that the nature of communication is different in various stages of interpersonal relationships
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devices are used to ensure the continuity of thought?
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Transitions and interim summaries are used to ensure the continuity of thought.
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devil effect
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ugly: dumb, poor, dishonest
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dialectical model
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a model claiming that throughout their lifetime people in virtually all interpersonal relationships must deal with equally important opposing forces
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dialectical tensions
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inherent conflicts that arise when two opposing or incompatible forces exsist simulaneously
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difference between a concrete and an abstract noun?
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A concrete noun refers to objects that humans can directly experience. They usually convey the same meaning to everybody. an abstract noun is one that tends to be vague and open to interpretation. As such, its use often leads to confusion.
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dimensions of culture
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masc./femm.. low/high power distance. uncertainty avoidance. individualism/collectivism
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direct aggression
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an expression of the speakers thoughts or feelings that attack the position and dignity of the reciever
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Direct Preception Checking
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Asking someone else whether your interpretations of what you preceive are correct.
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disconfirmation.
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a communication pattern in which we ignore someone's presence as well as what they are communicating
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disconfirming response
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a message that expresses a lack of caring or respect for another person
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Discribe the revising phase.
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Revising is a finishing step to improve the communication based on the editing phase and the feedback from the reveiwers. You revise or rewrite your draft to make it into a more formal presentation.
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Discribe three common forms of tense you will use in your communication.
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(1)Past–express actions or make a statement about something that happened in the past. (2)Present–expresses action or makes a statement about something happening inthe present time. (3)Future–expresses action or make a statement about something happening at a future time.
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disfluences
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a non linguistic verbalization
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divergence
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a linguistic strategy in which speakers empathise differences between their comunicative style in others in order to create distance
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Dominance
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Non– Verbal behaviors such as relaxed posture, greater personal spaces, and protected personal spaces that communicates power status, and control.
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During the editing phase, what specifically are you looking for?
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Look for basic grammatical errors and correct format. Check for complete paragraphs and sentences, then compare it to your outline to ensure you have included all of the main points and subpoints you intended to cover.
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Dyad
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2 interacting people
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Dyadic Conciousness
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Acknowledgement of Dyadicness
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Each time your work is edited, what should the editor be reading for?
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Content, arrangement and flow, and readability and mechanics.
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Ecoding
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The process of translating ideas feelings, and thoughts that have been translated into a code.
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effective communication?
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Any communication that results in the receiver interpreting your message as you intended.
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egocentric communicator
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person who creates messages without giving much thought to the person who is listening; a communicator who is felf focused and self–absorbed.
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emblems
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deliberate non verbal behaviors with precise meanings known to virtually all members of a cultural group
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Emotional Noises
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A form of communication noises caused by emotional arousal
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emotional response theory
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any human emotion experienced can be interpreted along three deminsions
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emotive language
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language that conveys the senders attitude rather than simply offering an objective description
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empathetic listening
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listening in which the goals are to help the speaker solve a problem
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empathy
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the ability to project one's self into another person's point of view, so as to experience the others thoughts and feelings
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encoding
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translating ideas, feelings and thought into code. –ex: vocalizing a word, gesturing, establishing eye contact
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enculturation?
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The process of learning your culture that you are born into
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episode
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series of interactions between individuals during which the mssage of one person influences the messages of another
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equality
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a type of supportive communication suggesting that the sender reguards as worthy of respect
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equivocal language
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language with one or more interpretations
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equivocal words
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words that have more than one dictionary definition
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equivocation
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a vague statement that can be interpreted in more than one way
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escalatory conflict spiral
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a reciprical pattern of communications of which messages between communicators reinforce eachother
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ethics
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beliefs, values, and moral principals by which we determine what is right or wrong
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euphemism
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a pleaseant sounding word used in place of a more direct less pleaseant one
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evaluative communication
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messages in which the sender judges the reciever in some way
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examples of culture?
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language, laws, religion, ways of acting/thinking
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examples of transitional devices you can use to show a contrasting relationship?
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But, still, however, neavertheless, andyet.
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Expentancy Violations Model
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A model that suggests that we develope rules or expectations for appropraite non verbal behavior and react when those expectations are violated.
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Explain the following formula: SAB=SAC+2.
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A single accomplishment bullet consists of the following attributes: specific, accurate, concise, single accomplishment/achievment, and impact.
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Explain the two audience concept as it applies to communication?
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Every communication has a sending and receiving audience. The sending audience is the group we represent, while the receiving audience is the group with whom we are communicating.
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extemporaneous speaking mode
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developing a set of "talking points," such as notes or an outline, to assist them in presenting their ideas
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extensional orientation?
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tendency to look first at the actual people, objects, and events and then look at their labels
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eye contact
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looking into the eyes of your audience as you speak
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fabrication
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making up information or guessing at information and making it appear true
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face
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is the most significant place to express emotion
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face work
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verbal and nonverbal behavior designed to create and maintain a communicators face and the face of others
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fact–interference confusion?
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when someone makes an inference and thinks its a fact and acts upon it as a fact but really isn't
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factual statement
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statement that can be verified as being true of false
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Feedback
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response to a message
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feedforward?
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information you provide before sending your primary message
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five different patterns used when organizing a presentation.
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Types of patterns include: topical; time or chronological; reason;problem–solution; spatial or geographical; and/or summarize of facts or data
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five types of support and give a brief description of each.
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(1) Definitions explain or clarify unfamiliar items; (2) examples provide an illustration of what we are trying to communicate; (3) comparisonsprovide a reference to a similar and usually better known item; (4) testimony express the item through the words and thoughts of others; and (5)statistics show relationships and/or summarize collections of facts or data.
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For what three reasons do we generally try to communicate with each other?
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We communicate to direct, influence or inform our audience.
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forecast
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a statement that alerts the audience to ideas that are coming
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four concepts of self–efficacy?
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predicting our performance, relationally–based self–efficacy judgments, gut–feeling based, and consequences expected from your performance
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four parts to self–image?
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Phsychological(introspection), physical self–image, emotional self–image, intellectual self–image
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four resources for researching your subject.
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Four available resources are the library, the internet, referance books, and individuals.
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four steps in the process of writing?
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(1)Prewriting, (2)drafting, (3)editing, and(4)revising.
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four types of sentences you should use throughout your written communication.
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(1) Simple sentence–a sentence that expresses one complete thought. (2) Compound sentence–A union of two or more simple sentences. (3) Complex sentence–a simple sentence with a dependent clause attatched to it. (4) Compound–complex sentence–a combination of a compound and a complex sentence
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Geert Hofstede
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created a framework of culture
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Gender
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A cultural construction that includes one's biological sex, psychological charaterics (feminnity, mascularity and drogyny), attitudes about the sexes and sexual orientation
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Generalized other perspective
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Future predicted based on what people generally do
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Generic Language
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General terms that stad for all persons or things within a given category.
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gestures
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incorporate the use of hands, body movements, and facial expressions
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Gibb Categories
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six sets of contrasting styles of verbal and nonverbal behavior
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goal of the speech
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expressed in terms of its expected outcome
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Group
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A collection of people who have a common goal, feel a sense of belonging to the group, and influence each other.
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halo
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attractive: smart, happy, rich, honest
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Halo Effect
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One good quality implied other ones
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haptics
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study of human touching behaviors
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Health Communication
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The study of communication that has an impact on human health.
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Hearing
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The physiological process of decoding sounds
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hearing informational speaking
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the process where a sound wave strikes the ear–drum and causes vibrations that are transmitted to the brain
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Heterosexist Language
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Language that revels an assumption that the world is heterosexual, as if hemosexuality or bisexual did not exist.
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heterostereotype
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observation about another culture without judgement
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high content culture
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a culture that avoids direct use of language to express information especially about relational matters
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high power distance culture
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inequalities expected, children respect parents, teachers take initiative, hierarchy is normal
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high–context culture?
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information shared through assumptions, information is communicated but not stated explicitly.
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Homophobic Language
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Language that overtly denigrates persons of non–heterosexual orientations, usually arising out of a fear of being labeled gay or lesbian
|
|
|
Honeymoon stage
|
Everything seems fabulous
|
|
|
horn effect
|
one bad quality implies others
|
|
|
How are concepts of communication preperation universal?
|
The basic philosophy and guidance for effective writing and speaking are the same. Both involve getting started with the communication, subject research, support selection, and organizing.
|
|
|
How are people with low self–esteem counterintuitive?
|
they pay more attention to negative evaluations; are more likely to have partners with similar self views; experience worse health after experiencing positive events
|
|
|
How are the concepts of communication preparation universal?
|
The basic philosophy and guidance for effective writing and speaking are the same. Both involve getting started with the communication, subject research, support selection, and organizing.
|
|
|
How are transitional devices valuable tools when arranging the elements your message?
|
Transitional devices, when woven skillfully into your message, can assist your audience in following your train of thought.
|
|
|
How can communication be a nonverbal behavior?
|
the clothes you wear, the way you walk, shake hands, cock you head, comb your hair, sit and smile
|
|
|
How do communications flow within an orginization?
|
Communications flow in three directions–upward, downward, and lateral.
|
|
|
How do you use number to maintain pargraph coherence?
|
If the controlling idea is singular, you keep all the references to it singular.
|
|
|
How does culture affect communication?
|
talking with friends, lovers, family; interacting in group; topics you talk about and strategies used to inform and persuade; how you use the media and the credibility you give it
|
|
|
How does self–concept develop?
|
others tell us who we are; social comparisons; culture; and gender
|
|
|
How is culture primarily passed on?
|
through culture
|
|
|
how is effect implemented in communication?
|
There is always an outcome or consequence from an action or behavior, communication always has an effect
|
|
|
How many Americans define themselves a non–white?
|
1 in 4
|
|
|
How many types of accomplishment bullet statements are there? Name them.
|
There are three–action verb bullet; modified verb bullet; and specific achievment bullet.
|
|
|
How many types of physical behaviors are there? Name them.
|
There are three types of physical behavior: eye contact, body movement and gestures.
|
|
|
How you look at yourself, the mental picture of how you believe you appear to others, and how you picture yourself physically to others are characteristics of what?
|
Self–image or self–awareness
|
|
|
Human Communication
|
the process of making sense out of the world and sharing that sense with others bt creating meaning through verbal and non verbal messages
|
|
|
human communication as a transaction
|
#NAME?
|
|
|
human communication as action
|
think: one way –linear
|
|
|
human communication as an interaction
|
reciever responds to source with feedback. –linear action/reaction within a certain context
|
|
|
hyperpersonal communication
|
a certain type of interpersonal communication that is facilitated by using a computer to establish relationship with others because you are more mindful about what you're saying.
|
|
|
ideal model of communication?
|
transactional communication
|
|
|
Illustrator
|
A non verbal behavior that accompanies a verbal message and either complemets, contradicts, or accents it.
|
|
|
illustrators
|
non verbal behaviors that accompany and support non verbal messages
|
|
|
Immediacy
|
Non verbal behavior such as eye contact, foward lean, touch and open body orientation that communicate feelings of liking pleasure and closeness. the degree of interest or attraction we feel toward and communicate to others
|
|
|
Impersonal Communication
|
communication that treats people as objects or that responds only to their roles, rather thanto who they are as quique people.
|
|
|
Implicit personality theory
|
our past influences how we judge others
|
|
|
impression
|
must have met a person to form one
|
|
|
impression formation theory
|
we make up stories about people
|
|
|
impression management
|
stratagies used by communicators to influence the way others view them
|
|
|
impromptu speaking
|
a speaker uses information acquired from experience, speaks with little or no preparation, and organizes ideas while he or she is communicating
|
|
|
In what manner did Socrates describe speech? How did this correlate to a speech structure?
|
Socrates analogized the parts of a speech to a body of an animal having a head(Introduction), body, and tail(Conclusion).
|
|
|
In what way can organization personnel verify whether they are engaging critically and constructively in the exchange of ideas?
|
By completing a short, self–diagnostic exercise that personal but applicable barriers to communicating.
|
|
|
in which communication type do you interact with others, normally two people?
|
interpersonal
|
|
|
In which culture are messages clearly verbalized?
|
low–context culture.
|
|
|
in which part of a speech or written presentation would you evaluate the use integration of transitions?
|
Organization.
|
|
|
In which type of communication are you entertained, informed, and persuaded by the media?
|
mass communication
|
|
|
indirect communication
|
hinting at a message instead of expressing thoughts and feelings directly
|
|
|
Indirect Preception Checking
|
Using your own perceptual abilities to seek additional information to confirm or refute someoes behavior.
|
|
|
indiscrimination?
|
not evaluating an individual as unique, categorizing them in a group
|
|
|
individualism/collectivism
|
whether an individual places importance on self or on community
|
|
|
individualist culture.
|
individual values such as power, achievement, hedonism, and stimulation (Americans fall under this category) success is measured by how well you outshine others, and you are responsible for you and you alone.
|
|
|
inferential statement
|
conclusion arrived at from an interpretation of evidence
|
|
|
influences on perception
|
physiological, and social
|
|
|
informative briefing
|
fundamental objective to present information to a specialized audience, followed by the exchange of data, ideas, and questions among participants
|
|
|
informative speaking
|
has been defined as discourse that imparts new information, secures understanding, or reinforces accumulated information
|
|
|
insensitive listeners
|
failure to recognize the thoughts or feelings that are not directly expressed by a speaker instead accepting the speakers words at face value
|
|
|
insulated listeners
|
a style in which the reciever ignores undesirable information
|
|
|
intensional orientation?
|
the tendency to view people, objects, and events according to the way they are talked about
|
|
|
interactional view of communication?
|
the speaker and listener take turns speaking and listening.
|
|
|
intercultural communication?
|
where you communicate with members of other cultures
|
|
|
internal summary
|
a short restatement of what has just been said in the section that you are about to leave, before proceeding to the next segment
|
|
|
internation communication
|
country based communication
|
|
|
interpersonal communication
|
#NAME?
|
|
|
Interpretation
|
Attaching meaning to what is attended to, selected, and organized
|
|
|
intimacy
|
a state of closness between two people
|
|
|
intimate distance
|
one of Halls four distance zones ranging from skin contact to eighteen inches
|
|
|
intracultural communication
|
1 culture communication
|
|
|
IntRApersonal Communication
|
Communication that occurs within yourself including your thoughts and emotins.
|
|
|
Interpersonal Communication
|
communication that occurs simultaniously between two people who attempt to mutually influence each other, usually for the purpose of managing relationship.
|
|
|
introduction to a speech
|
to gain the listeners' attention and orient them to the material that will be presented
|
|
|
jargon
|
the specialized vocabulary that is used as kind of a short hand by people with common backgrounds and experience
|
|
|
Johari model of self disclosure
|
window of self (open,blind,hidden,unknown)
|
|
|
johari window
|
a model that describes the realstionship between self disclosure and self awareness
|
|
|
judging
|
a reaction in which the reciever evaluates the sender's message either favorably of un favorably
|
|
|
kinesics
|
the study of body movement posture and gesture
|
|
|
Language
|
The system of symbols(words or vocabulary) structured by rules (grammer) that makes it possible for people to understand one another.
|
|
|
language distortion where one assumes that all can be known or is known about a given person?
|
allness
|
|
|
leakage cues
|
eye contact, shoulder shrug
|
|
|
lecture
|
the formal presentation of material to facilitate learning
|
|
|
linear view of communication.
|
the speaker speaks and the listener listens
|
|
|
linguistic determinism
|
theory that a culture's world view is unavoidably shaped and reflected by the language its members speak
|
|
|
linguistic relativism
|
a moderate form of linguistic determinism that argues that language exerts a strong influence on perceptions of the people who speak it
|
|
|
List five categories of refrence tools.
|
Almanacs, Dictionaries, Encyclopedias, Thesauruses, E–resources.
|
|
|
listenable speech
|
one that is formatted in a way that when it is received it is understood by listener
|
|
|
Listening
|
Acomplex process of receiving constructing meaning fromand responding to verbal and non verbal messges which involves selecting attending and responding
|
|
|
Listening style
|
A persons preferred way of making sense uot of messages.
|
|
|
lose–lose problem solving
|
an approach to conflict resoloution in which neither parties achieve their goals
|
|
|
low context culture
|
a culture that relies heavily on language to make messages especially of relational nature explicit
|
|
|
low power distance culture
|
inequalities minimized, parents and kids equal, students take initiative, hierarchy is exploitive
|
|
|
low–monitored–high–monitored dimension of feedback?
|
feedback varies from spontaneous and totally honest to carefully constructed responses
|
|
|
low–power–distance culture?
|
power is evenly distributed between citizenry
|
|
|
manipulators
|
movements in which one part of the body grooms masages rubs holds fidgets pinches picks or otherwise manipulates another part
|
|
|
manuscript speech mode
|
the material is written out and delivered word for word; offers the advantages of providing accurate language and solid organization; gives the speaker a permanent written record of the speech
|
|
|
masc./femm. culture
|
"masc=success,money,assertive,competitiveness
|
|
|
masculine culture.
|
people value male aggressivenes, material success and strength; women are valued for modesty
|
|
|
Mass Communication
|
Communication accomplished through a mediated message that is sent to many people at the same time.
|
|
|
Material Self
|
The element of the self reflected in all the tangible things you own.
|
|
|
Meaning
|
A person interpretation of a symbol
|
|
|
meanings are
|
culture bond, and context bond
|
|
|
media richness theory
|
identifies richness of a communication medium based on the amount of information, including emotional expression, it communicates. –the amount of feedback they can recieve –number of ques channel can convey –variety of language –potential for emotion and feeling –when saying something negetive, you might choose a less rich form of communication
|
|
|
Mediated Communication
|
Any communication that is carried out using some channel other than those used in faced–to–face communication
|
|
|
mediated interpersonal communication
|
communications with others established or maintained through media. –anonyminity –physical apperance: less emphasis –distance. Time ASYNCHRONIOUS(message are not easily read or heard at the time they are sent
|
|
|
memorized speech mode
|
a speech is written out word for word and then committed to memory
|
|
|
Message
|
Written, spoken and unspoken elements of communication to which people assign meaning
|
|
|
messages sent back to the speaker reacting to what was said?
|
feedback
|
|
|
messages that contradict themselves?
|
mixed messages
|
|
|
Meta– Message
|
The message about the message
|
|
|
metacommunication?
|
communication about communication
|
|
|
method of arrangement for the body of a speech
|
a guide selected for sequencing information for listener clarity
|
|
|
method of speech development
|
encompasses how you plan to approach the presentation
|
|
|
mind
|
a method of arranging materials visually rather than in list form
|
|
|
mind–mapping.
|
Mind mapping is a brainstorming activity in which you allow your unorganized thoughts to flow onto paper, connecting like items/thoughts as you progress.
|
|
|
Model for communication as an interaction
|
Source–message–Channel–reviever. reviever provides feedback (affected by noise and context) which circles back to source.
|
|
|
modes of speech presentation
|
the preparation method and reference aids to be used during the speech––impromptu, extemporaneous, manuscript, and memorized
|
|
|
nature of communication?
|
to discover, to relate, to help, to persuade and to play
|
|
|
negative core beliefs?
|
not good enough, powerless, don't know, in danger, defective/imperfect
|
|
|
Neologism
|
A new term introduces into a language.
|
|
|
neutrality
|
a defence arrousing behavior in which the sender expresses indifference toward the reciever
|
|
|
Noise
|
Interference, either literal or psychological, that hinders the accurate encoding or decoding of a message.
|
|
|
non verbal communication
|
messages expressed by other than linguistic means
|
|
|
nonassertion
|
the inability or unwillingness to express ones thoughts or feelings when necessary
|
|
|
Non–Verbal Communication
|
Communication by means other than written or spoken language that creates meaning for someone.
|
|
|
Often, what is the results of communications having to pass through many organizational levels?
|
it offten causes a delay in communications and creates chances for distortion of the original message.
|
|
|
opinion statement
|
statement based on the speaker's beliefs
|
|
|
ORGANINATIONAL Communication
|
The study of human communication as it occurs with in organizations.
|
|
|
Organization
|
Converting information into convenient understandable, and efficient patters that allow us to make sense of what we have observed.
|
|
|
orienting material
|
gives an audience the background necessary to understand the basic material of the speech
|
|
|
(non verbal)"
|
mass comm– creator not present, cannot immidiately respond. public comm–speak addresses audience in person. small group comm–3–15 meet and interact
|
|
|
Other–Oriented
|
Taking other's feelings into account
|
|
|
Para Language (vocalics)
|
Non – Verbal aspects of voice(e.g. pitch, rate, volume,use of silence.)
|
|
|
paralanguage
|
non linguistic means of vocal expression rate pitch tone and so on
|
|
|
paraphrasing
|
Checking the accuracy of your understanding by restating your partners message in your own words.
|
|
|
parochialism/ethnocentrism
|
my culture is better than yours
|
|
|
partitioning organizational speech structural
|
a deductive format in which, as the speech proceeds, the speech is partitioned into a number of points
|
|
|
partitioning step
|
listing of how the main issues will be presented in the speech
|
|
|
passive aggressive
|
an indirect expression of aggression delievered in a way that allows the sender to maintain a façade of kindness
|
|
|
People Oriented Listeners
|
Those who perfer to focus on the emotions and feelings communicated by others verbally and non verbally
|
|
|
perception
|
is the process of making sense of the world around us
|
|
|
perception checking
|
a three part method for varifying the accuracy of interpretations, including the description of the sense data two possible interpertations and a request for confermation of the interpertations
|
|
|
Percieved self
|
the person we believe our selves to be in moments of candor
|
|
|
personality
|
a realitivly consistant set of traits that a person exhibits across a variety of situations
|
|
|
phases of the speaking process?
|
Prewriting, drafting, editing, and presentation phase.
|
|
|
phonological rules
|
linguistic rules governing how sounds are combined to form words
|
|
|
physical noise?
|
interference that is external to both speaker and listener
|
|
|
plagiarism
|
occurs when a speaker uses the ideas and words of others as his or her own without giving credit to the originator of the material
|
|
|
poisoning the well"?
|
Poisoning the well is a logical fallacy where adverse information about someone is pre–emptively presented to an audience, with the intention of discrediting or ridiculing everything that person is about to say.
|
|
|
Polarization
|
The tendency to describe things in extremes, as though no middle ground existed.
|
|
|
post speech analysis
|
paying attention to reactions following a speech
|
|
|
poster session
|
prepare a poster, a series of charts or a power point program that visually highlights your research or idea
|
|
|
pragmatic rules
|
rules that govern the everyday use of language, they are rarely written down or discussed
|
|
|
Presentational Communcation
|
Communication that occurs when a speaker address a gathering of people in order to inform,persuade, or intertain them.
|
|
|
presenting self
|
the image a person presents to others; it may be identitical to the percieved selves
|
|
|
primacy effect
|
the first info you learn about someone is the most important
|
|
|
primary sources of information
|
sources that represent the original reports of the observation or research
|
|
|
Principle of selective exposure
|
who do people surround themselves with?
|
|
|
prior to the speech analysis
|
work that takes place before the speech is given
|
|
|
problem oriented
|
a supportive style of communication in which the communicators focus on working together to solve their problems instead of trying to impose their solutions on one another
|
|
|
problem–solution method of issue
|
used when a speaker attempts to identify what is wrong and to determine how to cure it or make a recommendation for its cure
|
|
|
process of the speech analysis
|
observing the audience for feedback
|
|
|
professional paper
|
a speech in which the presenter briefs his or her audience on some findings that relate to the speaker or the listeners' area of interest
|
|
|
prompting
|
using silence and brief statements of encouragement to draw out a speaker
|
|
|
provisionalism
|
a supportive style of communication in which the sender expresses a willingness to consider the other persons position
|
|
|
Proxemics
|
The study of how close or far away from people and objects we postion ourselves.
|
|
|
pseudolistening
|
an imitation of true listening in which the receivers mind is elsewhere
|
|
|
psychographics
|
its attitudes and beliefs––are an important consideration; profile can also be determined by analyzing the listeners
|
|
|
psychological noises"?
|
cognitive or mental interference
|
|
|
public communication
|
involves a transaction between a speaker and an audience
|
|
|
public distance
|
one of Halls four distance zones extending outward from twelve feet
|
|
|
punctuation of communication consist of?
|
dividing parts of communication into stimuli and responses
|
|
|
purpose of the overview step in the process of speaking?
|
The summary should restate the main points, the relationship between points, and the specific objective of the prsentation.
|
|
|
purpose of the speech
|
centers on the speaker's expected outcomes for the presentation
|
|
|
purr words?
|
positive meanings
|
|
|
qualitative interpersonal communication
|
interaction in which people treat one another as unique individuals reguardless of the context in which the interaction occurs or the number of people involved
|
|
|
Quasi– Courtship Behavior
|
Non verbal behaviors exhibited both consciously and unconsciously when we are attracted to someone.
|
|
|
question–and–power session
|
follows many speeches is a type of informative speech in itself
|
|
|
questioning
|
feedback that usually request the speaker to supply additional information in order to clarify or expand the receivers understanding
|
|
|
Receiver
|
The person who decodes a message and attempts to make sense of what the sourse has encoded.
|
|
|
Receiver Apprehension
|
The fear of misunderstanding or misinterpreting the message spoken by others or of not being able to adjust psychologically to messages expressed by others.
|
|
|
Recency effect
|
the most recent info you learn about someone is the most important
|
|
|
Recovery Stage
|
Coping with the problem
|
|
|
reflected appraisal
|
the theory that a persons self content matches the way the way a person believes others reguard him or her
|
|
|
Regularator
|
A non verbal behavior that helps to control the interaction or level of communication between people.
|
|
|
rejection?
|
you disagree with the person, you are unwilling to accept somethin the other person says or does
|
|
|
relational messages
|
a message that expresses the social relationship between two or more individuals
|
|
|
relationship
|
connection established when you communicate with another person
|
|
|
Relationship Demension
|
The aspect of a communication message that offers cues about the emotion attitudes, and amount of power and control the speaker directs towards others how something is said.
|
|
|
relationships must have
|
inclusion, control over relationship, affection (give and recieve)
|
|
|
relative words
|
words that gain their meaning by comparison
|
|
|
Remember
|
To recall information
|
|
|
residual message
|
the part of a message a receiver can recall after short/long term memory loss
|
|
|
respect
|
the degree in which we hold others in esteem
|
|
|
responding
|
providing observable feedback to another person's behavior or speech
|
|
|
Response Latency
|
The ampunt of time it takes someone to formulate a response to a statement or question in conversation.
|
|
|
Reverse Culture Shock
|
Happens when you return to original culture
|
|
|
reviever
|
decoder
|
|
|
revising phase.
|
Revising is a finishing step to improve the communication based on the editing phase and the feedback from the reviewers. You revise or rewrite your draft to make it into a more formal presentation.
|
|
|
Rhetoric
|
The process of using symbols to influence or persuade others.
|
|
|
rhetorical question?
|
A rhetorical question is one requiring no answer; it's answer is usually obvious.
|
|
|
Rule
|
A followable precription that indicates what behavior is required or preferred and what behavior is prohibited in a specific situation.
|
|
|
Second Guessing
|
Questions the assumptions underlying a message
|
|
|
secondary sources of information
|
sources the report, but did not originally generate, the observations or research
|
|
|
select
|
To focus on one sound as you sort through various sounds competing for your attention
|
|
|
selection
|
what you choose to focus on within a range of stimuli in your environment
|
|
|
selective exposure
|
we attend to msg that are in accord with our already held attitudes
|
|
|
selective listening
|
a listening style in which the receiver responds to messages that only interest him or her
|
|
|
selective retention
|
we remember what is consistent with preexisting attitudes and interest
|
|
|
Self
|
The sum of who you are as a person, your central inner force.
|
|
|
Self – Reflexiveness
|
The human ability to think about what you are doing while you are doing it
|
|
|
self concept
|
the relavtive stable set of percieptions each individual holds of them selves
|
|
|
Self Concept Clarity
|
The extent to which beliefs about onesself are clearly and confidently identified and stable over time.
|
|
|
self concept components
|
attitudes, beliefs, values
|
|
|
self concept stress?
|
connectedness to a group and to fitting in with one's group
|
|
|
self concepts describe?
|
what you could or want to be
|
|
|
self concepts emphasize?
|
uniqueness
|
|
|
self disclosure
|
the process in which we deliberately reveal information about ones self that is signifigant and would not normally be known by others
|
|
|
self esteem
|
the part of the self concept that involves evaluations of self worth
|
|
|
self fulfilling prophecy
|
the tendency to become what other people expect you to become
|
|
|
Self– Fulfilling Prophecy
|
The notion that perdictions about ones futire are likely to come true because one believes that they will come true.
|
|
|
Self Image
|
Your view of yourself in a particular situation or circimstance.
|
|
|
self serving bias
|
the thendancy to interperet and explain information in a way that casts the perciever in the most favorable manor
|
|
|
self–concept?
|
the internal picture we have of ourselves and the role we play
|
|
|
self–efficacy?
|
the belief in your ability to effectively control specific events in your life
|
|
|
self–esteem?
|
our personal belief system; your self–appraisal assessment, evaluation; sense of self–worth
|
|
|
Self–Expectations
|
Goals you set for yourself; how you believe you ought to behave and what you ought to accomplish.
|
|
|
self–schemas?
|
scripts as to how you believe you should act to fit the image
|
|
|
semantic noise.
|
different meanings are used by speaker and listener (such as people speaking a different language or speaking more complexly than the listener comprehends)
|
|
|
semantic rules
|
rules that govern the meaning of language as opposed by its structure
|
|
|
sentence outline
|
has complete sentences for all entries and usually has correct punctuation
|
|
|
sentence unity?
|
All the parts of the sentence matching in number, verb, possession, etc.
|
|
|
Sex
|
The biological and physiological charateristics that make a person female or male.
|
|
|
sex roles
|
a social orientation that governs behavior in contrast to a person's biological gender
|
|
|
Sexist language
|
reveals bias in favor of one sex against another
|
|
|
significant other
|
a person who’s oppinion is important enough to effect ones self concept strongly
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signposting
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a speaker states where the listeners have been, where they are presently, and forecasts where they are going
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Simple Model of human communication
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source, message, channel message reciever. there is noise at each checkpoint.
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sincere question
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a question that imposes a genuine desire to learn from another person
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slang
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language used by a group of people whose members belong to a similar co–culture or other group
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Small Group
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The transactive process of creating meaning among three to about fifteen people who share a conmmon purpose, feel a sense of belonging to the group and exert influnces on one another
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small group communication?
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when you interact with others, solving problems, sharing knowledge and experiences
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snarl words?
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very negative
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Social Comparison
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Process of comparing ones self to others to measure ones worth in relationship to others who are simular
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Social Decentering
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Stepping away from your own thoughts and attempting to experience the thoughts of another.
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social distance
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one of Halls four distance zones ranging from four to twelve feet
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social information–processing theory
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we can communicate relational and emotional messages via the internet, but it just takes longer due to lack of non–verbals.
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social learning theory
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suggest that we can learn how to adapt and adjust our behavior towards others; how we behave is not solely dependent on our genetic makeup.
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social penetration theory
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relationships start with breadth and then moves toward depth of information
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Social Self
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Your concept of self as developed through your personal, social interactions with others.
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Social Support
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Senstivite and empathic listening, followed bt messages of comfort or confirmation, that lets a person know that he or she is understood and valued.
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social–psychological context?
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the status relationship among the participants
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sociotype
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judgement based on researched fact
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Source
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The originator of a thought or emotion who puts it into a code that can be understood by a receiver.
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spatial method of issue arrangement
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set of point of reference at a specific location and followed a geographic pattern
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speaking setting
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encompasses where the speech is given, what the time limit is, when the presentation is made, and the attitude of the audience
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Specific other perspective
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Specific past behaviors used to predict future
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speech of introduction
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to identify the person who will be speaking to the audience and give any other information that may spark listeners' interest in the speaker or the topic
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speech participants
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the speaker and the members of the audience
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speech planning outline
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brief framework used to think through the process of the speech; outline contains the major ideas of the speech, without elaboration
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speech presentation outline
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flesh out the outline with examples and illustrations and write in internal summaries and forecasts
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speeches about concepts
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examine theories, beliefs, ideas, philosophies, or schools of thought.
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speeches about events
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inform the audience about something that has already happened, is happening, or is expected to happen
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speeches about objects
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describe a particular thing in detail; the object may be a person, place, animal, structure, machine, or anything else that can be touched or seen
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speeches about processes
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instruct the audience about how something works, is made, or is done so that they can apply the skills learned
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speechophobia
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public speaking anxiety
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spiral
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reciprocal communication pattern in which each person's message reienforces eachother
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SPIRITUAL–SELF
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Your concept of self, based on beliefs and your sense of who you are in relationship to other forces in the universe, also includes your thoughts and introspections about your values and moral standards.
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spontaneity
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supportive communication behavior in which the sender expresses a message without any attempt to manipulate the reciever
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stage hog
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a listening style in which the receiver is more concerned with making his or her own point than with understanding the speaker
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standard sentence mechanics you should be aware of when writing.
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Punctuation, capitalization, and abbreviation.
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Standpoint theory
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One action creates multiple interpretations based on gender, race, social class, and culture
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statement of central idea
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defines the subject and develops the criteria by which to evaluate the material to be included in the speech
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statement of the central idea of a speech
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intended to keep the speaker on course for developing a purposeful and well–organized speech
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static evaluation?
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making evaluations without change while the thing/person being discussed is changing
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steps in overcoming communication barriers?
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There are two steps. The first is to establish an orginizational policy that defines lines of responsibility and authority, establishes communications channels, provides a climate for effective communication, and keeps key people informed. The next step is to increase skills in written and oral expression.
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stereotype
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a generalization applied to persons because you perceive them to have attributes common to a particular group
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superiority
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a defence arrousing style of communication in which the sender states or implies that the reciever is inferior
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supplementary speech aids
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visual, audio, audiovisual, and computerized graphic
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supporting
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a response style in which the receiver reassures comforts or distracts the person seeking help
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supporting speech material
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should clarify a point you are making in the speech or offer evidence of the validity of the argument presented
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Supportive Communication
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Language that creates a climate of trust, caring and acceptance.
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Symbol
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A word, sound gesture, or visual image that represents a thought concept, object, or experience.
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Symbolic Self– Awareness:
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A unique human ability to develop and communicate a representation of oneself to others through language.
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sympathy
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compassion for another situation
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Synchronous Communication
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communications in which message occurs in real time when you speak or write someone immediate responds to your message
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syntactic rules
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rules that govern the ways in which symbols can be arranged as opposed to the meanings of those symbols
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systems theory
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describes the interconnected elements of a system in which a change in one element affects all the other elements. think: inputs, throughputs, and outputs
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talking points
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bullet points in an abbreviated outline format that serve as a framework for the speech and are used in rehearsal session and as the notes for the actual presentation
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tangible or concrete environment in which communication takes place?
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the physical context
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Team
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A coordinated group of people intentionally organized to work together to achieve a common goal.
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team briefing
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used in technology organizations in which design projects or project proposals must be pitched to potential clients or funding agents
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technical report
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a statement describing a process, explaining a technique, or discussing new elements to either people within a business or industry or people outside it, such as customers or researchers, who may be interested in the topic
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temporal (time) context?
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the time of day or time in history in which the communication is taking place
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term for communicating in a roundabout way?
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indirect speech
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term for the medium through which a message passes?
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channel
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Territorial Maker
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A thing or action that signifies an area has been clamed.
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Territoriality
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The study of how humans use space and objects to communicate occupancy or ownership of space
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territory
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fixed space that an individual assumes some right to occupy
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the communication accomodation theory.
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speakers change their speaking style based on who their audience is
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The misuse of abstractions and a lack of common core experience are main contributors to which communication barrier?
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They are the the main contributors to language barriers.
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things self–image is composed of?
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physical appearance, body shape, academic accomplishments, social skills, value system, relationships, behavior, goals, ambitions, aspirations
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three areas to focus on when preparing a speach?
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Technical accuracy and coverage, arrangement and flow, and presentation and delivery.
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three basic components of a paragraph?
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Topic sentence, support sentence, and closing sentence.
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three common forms of tense you will use in your communication.
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(1) Past–express actions or makes a statementabout something that happened in the past. (2) Present–expresses action or makes a statement about something happening in the present time. (3) Future–expresses action or make a statement about something happening at a future time.
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three most common uses for bullet statements in the Air Force?
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EPR, award/decoration nomination, talking paper.
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three responsibilities of commanders and supervisors–their staffs and subordinates–when it comes to orginizational communication?
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Keep communication channels open, maintain an environment conducive to communication; and communicate effectively.
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time method of issue arrangement
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orders information from a beginning point to an ending one, with all the steps developed in numerical or time sequence
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Time Oriennted Listeners
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Those who perfer that message communcated by others be breif.
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time oriented listeners
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a listening style that is primarily concerned with minimizing the time necessary to accomplish the task at hand
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topic of the speech
|
should be stated as specifically as possible
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topic outline
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has words or phrases for all entries and usually has little or no punctuation after entries
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topical method of issue arrangement
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a speaker explains an idea in terms of its component part
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Touch Ethic
|
A person own guidelines or standards as to approprate and inapprate toush
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transactional communication mean?
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each person in the communication act is both speaker and listener; each person is simultaneously sending and receiving messages
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transactional modes of communication?
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simultaneous sending and receiving, all elements are constantly in motion and you cannot not communicate
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Trigger Word
|
A form of language that arouses strong emotions in listeners.
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True Self–Esteem
|
Involves only your goals
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two main points of self concept?
|
self image and self esteem
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two types of self–fulfilling prophecies?
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self–imposed prophecies and imposed prophecies by others
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types of bullet statements.
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Single idea and single accomplishment.
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uncertainty avoidance
|
extent to which members of a culture feel threatened by unknown or uncertain situations
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Understand
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To assign meaning to messages
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understanding
|
the act of interpreting a message by following syntactic symantic and pragmatic rules
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unfolding organizational speech structure
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an inductive style, in which the speaker lays out supporting evidence and then draws a conclusion, leading the listeners to be drawn into the argument
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Upon what factors dose the intelligibility of a presentation depend?
|
Articulation, pronunciation, vocal pauses, overuse of stock expressions, and substandard grammar.
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Value
|
An enduring concept of good and bad, right and wrong.
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values
|
enduring concepts of good bad, right or wrong
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visual aids
|
appeal to our sense of sight
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What do the terms "faulty analogy,"asserted conclusion","loaded question", and"non sequitur" have in common?
|
They are examples of flaws, or fallaciesin logic.
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What does the voice of your writing indicate?
|
Voice shows if the subject acts or is acted upon.
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What five steps are involved in the prewriting phase?
|
(1)Selecting your purpose and objective, (2)analizing your audience, (3)researching your subject, (4)selecting a pattern, and (5)outlining.
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What form of communication dose the construction of a bullet statement resemble? Why the compairison of the two forms?
|
The wording of a telegram. Since each word of a telegram costs the same, word economizing is integral to save money while ensuring the message meaning; the same concept is applicable to developing bullet statements.
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What fundamentals of speech add variety to a presentation?
|
Rate, volume, force, pitch, and emphasis.
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what is it called when you acknowledge the presence of the other person but also accept the person?
|
confirmation
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|
What is studying communication going to do for you?
|
1. help you make connections. 2. provide you with skills to make a difference when confronted with new ideas and challenges. 3. truly effective communicators have information worth communicating, and have the desire to connect with their listener.
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|
What outlining formats are mentioned in this lesson?
|
This lesson covers four outline types: scratch; formal; informal; and talking paper.
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What part of communication is the way you sit/look?
|
Interactional/transactional
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|
What section is used to evaluate punctuation, grammar, and spelling?
|
Readability and Mechanics.
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What should be accomplished during the summary?
|
The summary should restate the main points, the relationship between points, and the specific objective of the presentation.
|
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|
What three components are evaluated in the introduction of a written or spoken presentation?
|
Purpose,motivation, and overveiw.
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When starting a presentation, what are some attention–getting devices you might consider?
|
Rhetorical questions; direct questions; quotations; illustrations; a startling statement; unusual or dramatic devices; and refrences to the importance of the theme.
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|
When starting a presentation, what are some attention–getting devices you might consider?
|
A rhetorical question is one requiring no answer; its answer is usually obvios.
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When writing your draft, what areas should you focas on?
|
(1)Introduction, (2)body, (3)conclusion, (4)transitions, and(5)support.
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|
Where would you most likely use an SAB?
|
EPRs, Awards/Decoration Nomination Package.
|
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Where would you most likely use an SIB?
|
Talking paper, point paper, or bullet background paper.
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|
which communication deals with input, throughput, and output?
|
organizational communication
|
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|
which dimension confirms the worth of the person and what the person says?
|
supportive–critical
|
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|
which dimension of feedback centers on the person or on the message?
|
person–focused message
|
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|
Which feedback may take awhile to get to a person?
|
immediate–delayed
|
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|
Which part of language communicates your meaning explicitly and leaves little doubt for the thoughts you are trying to convey?
|
direct speech
|
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|
which term applies to asking the receiver to approach your message in a particular role or as someone else?
|
altercast
|
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|
which term describes the difference of culture but that not any one is better or worse than the others?
|
cultural relativism
|
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|
Which term describes when the sender and receiver miss each other with their meanings?
|
bypassing
|
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|
Which type of communication deals with talking to yourself?
|
intrapersonal
|
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|
Which type of communication has others informing and persuading you?
|
public communication
|
|
|
which type of culture values modesty, concerns for relationships and the quality of life?
|
feminine culture
|
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|
which type of noise is a physical barrier within the speaker or listener?
|
physiological noise
|
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|
which view states that some cultures are higher than others and relates to Darwinism view of humainty?
|
Cultural evolution
|
|
|
which word refers to the emotional meaning that specific speakers–listeners give to a word?
|
connotation
|
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|
Who are the encoders?
|
speakers or writers
|
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|
Who are the listeners and readers?
|
decoders
|
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|
who you are is reflected how?
|
physically, socially, psychologically, and holistically
|
|
|
whorf–sapir hypothesis
|
theory that the structure of a language shapes the world view of its users
|
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|
why are speaking and listening skills important?
|
they hold societies together
|
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|
Why is "extemporaneous" approach to speaking appealing?
|
It is the least hostile and most intimate form of communicating with your audience. You are able to speak "off the cuff", but may also use spaeking aids, such as index cards, outlines, etc.
|
|
|
Why is communication a process?
|
because it is ever changing, ongoing activity
|
|
|
Why is communication dynamic?
|
It is constantly moving
|
|
|
Why is ethics important?
|
It's going to increase your awareness of communicating in a global village.
|
|
|
Why is the "extemporaneous" approach to speaking appealing?
|
It is the least hostile and most intimate form of communicating with an audience. You are able to speak "off the cuff," but may also use speaking aids, such as index cards, outlines, etc.
|
|
|
Why study communication?
|
communicate to satisfy needs, provide a meaning that others will understand
|
|
|
why study self–concept?
|
it's the frame through which we communicate, it influences the roles we play and how we behave, and it affects the way we view others
|
|
|
win–lose conflicts
|
approach to conflict resoloution in which one party reaches it's goal at the expense of the others
|
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|
win–win problem solving
|
approach to conflict resoloution in which the parties work together all to satisfy their goals
|
