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109 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Where were the first shots of the Civil War fired?
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Ft. Sumter
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What was the first organized battle of the Civil War?
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Bull Run (Manassas)
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Who was president of the Confederacy?
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Jefferson Davis
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What was the first capital of the Confederacy?
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Montgomery Alabama
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Which state was the first to secede?
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South Carolina
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Where were the first shots of the Civil War fired?
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Ft. Sumter
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What was the first organized battle of the Civil War?
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Bull Run (Manassas)
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Who was president of the Confederacy?
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Jefferson Davis
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What was the first capital of the Confederacy?
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Montgomery Alabama
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Which state was the first to secede?
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South Carolina
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Who asked Robert E. Lee to be the commander of the Union forces?
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General Winfield Scott
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Which side did Robert E. Lee decide to lead? Why?
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Confederacy
He was from Virginia |
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Four strengths of the Confederacy
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1. Robert E. Lee
2. more military colleges 3. many trained army officers 4. more food |
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Five strengths of the Union
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1. more Naval officers
2. all but one shipyard 3. larger population 4. controlled finances 5. more factories |
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What was the Legal Tender Act?
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US created a national currency and began to print "greenbacks"
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How did the Union prevent the South from taxing imports?
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blockades of Southern Ports
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What was Lincoln's goal?
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preserve the Union
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Who were the War Democrats?
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men who supported the Civil War, restoring the Union and believed in continuing slavery
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Who were the Peace Democrats?
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men who opposed the Civil War and wanted to reunite states
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Who were the Copperheads?
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Peace Democrats (what the Republicans called them)
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Why was the Civil War called the first "modern" war?
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the war had new technology and tactics (required more people, supplies and equipment)
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Define attrition.
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wearing down of a side through exhaustion of soldiers and resources
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What type of war did Jefferson Davis want?
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defensive war of attrition
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How did Southerners feel about Davis' defensive war of attrition?
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outraged; many times troops attacked suffering a large number of casualties
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What type of war did Winfield Scott plan?
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Anaconda Plan
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What did the Anaconda Plan involve?
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blockade Confederate ports and split the Confederacy at the Mississippi River.
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Who led the Confederate troops at the Battle of Bull Run?
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General Thomas Jackson "stonewall"
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Who won the Battle at Bull Run?
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Confederates; Union led by General McDowell were forced to retreat
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Define conscription.
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draft
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Define bounty.
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money to enlist in the military for 3 years
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Define blockade runners
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small, fast vessels used by the South to smuggle goods past the blockade
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Who became the leader of the Union Army in February 1862?
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General Ulysses S. Grant
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According to Confederate President Davis and General Lee, what was the only way to force the North to accept their independence?
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invasion of the North
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What was the bloodiest one-day battle of the war?
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Battle of Antietam
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Who won the Battle of Antietam?
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North; the South suffered so many casualties that Lee retreated to Virginia
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What decision did Lincoln make after the Battle of Antietam?
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Lincoln decided it was time to end slavery
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What was the Emancipation Proclamation?
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freed all enslaved person in states still in rebellion after January 1, 1863
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How did the Emancipation Proclamation change the war?
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before the Civil War was about preserving the Union, after it was about freeing slaves
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When were African Americans allowed to join the military?
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after the Emancipation Proclamation
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What was the first African American regiment organized in the North?
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54th Massachusetts
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Who was Elizabeth Blackwell?
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1st female doctor of the US that opened a training program for nurses
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What was the US Sanitary Commission?
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provided medical assistance and supplies to the army
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Who was Clara Barton?
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one of the nurses of the Civil War who later organized the Red Cross
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Why did the South stop the prisoner exchange program?
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they refused to recognize freed African Americans as soldiers
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How did Lincoln respond the South's refusal to exchange African American prisoners?
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Lincoln stopped all prisoner exchanges
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Where was one of the worst prisons in the Confederacy?
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Andersonville, Georgia
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Who was the Commandant at Andersonville Prison Camp?
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Henry Wirz
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Describe the conditions at Andersonville Prison Camp.
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overcrowded, no food, hot, no shelter, little water and disease.....thousands died
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What happened to Henry Wirz?
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He was the only person executed for war crimes during the Civil War
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What did women do during the Civil War?
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some were nurses, but many worked on the farms or managed businesses
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Why did the North want to capture Vicksburg?
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Vicksburg would split the Confederacy at the Mississippi River
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Who won the Battle of Vicksburg?
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Union forces forced the Confederate Army to surrender
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What battle was the turning point of the Civil War?
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Gettysburg
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Which side (North or South) was hurt most by the Battle at Gettysburg?
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South; Lee lost about 1/3 of his troops
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What was the purpose of Lincoln's Gettysburg Address?
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dedicate a portion of the battlefield as a military cemetery
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What were the reasons (2) that Gettysburg was called the turning point?
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1. about 1/3 of the Southern troops were killed
2. convinced Britain NOT to support the Confederacy |
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Who did Lincoln ask to be the overall commander after the Battle at Gettysburg?
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General Grant
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Who led the march from Chattanooga, Tennessee to Savannah, Georgia destroying everything between?
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General William T. Sherman
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What were "Sherman neckties"?
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railroad irons heated by Sherman's troops
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Who was the Northern General that burned Atlanta?
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General William T. Sherman
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Define mandate
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clear sign from voters
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What did Lincoln believe was the mandate when he was re-elected?
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the Constitution should be amended to end slavery
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What was the 13th Amendment?
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Constitutional Amendment to abolish slavery
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When did the South surrender?
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April 9, 1865
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Where did the South surrender?
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Appomattox Courthouse, Virginia
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Who surrendered?
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General Robert E. Lee surrendered to Ulysses S. Grant
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Why did the South surrender?
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they simply ran out of men to fight
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What were the terms of the surrender?
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Lincoln promised NOT to prosecute Confederate soldiers for treason and men were able to keep their weapons and horses
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Describe Lincoln's plan to restore the Union.
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Lincoln planned to make the readmission of Southern states easy, believing that they had been punished enough
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Why was Lincoln's plan changed?
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Lincoln was assassinated and others wanted to control reconstruction after he died
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Who killed Lincoln?
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John Wilkes Booth
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Where was Lincoln assassinated?
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Ford's Theater
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When was Lincoln assassinated?
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Lincoln was shot on April 14, 1865 and died hours later
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What happened to John Wilkes Booth?
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He was killed by police days after Lincoln died
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Was anyone else involved in Lincoln's assassination?
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YES, 9 other people were involved and 4 were hanged including the first women, named Mary Surratt
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Describe the South after the Civil War?
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the South's society and economy were devasted
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Define Reconstruction
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period of time after the Civil War when Southern states rejoined the US
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Define Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction.
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called for general amnesty or pardon for all Southerners who took an oath of loyalty to the US and agreed to end slavery
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Who became President of the US after Lincoln's death?
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Andrew Johnson
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Who were the Radical Republicans?
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members of Congress that wanted to make the terms of reconstruction harsh for the South
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Who was the leader of the Radical Republicans in the US House of Representatives?
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Thaddeus Stevens
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Who was the leader of the Radical Republicans in the Senate?
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Charles Sumner
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What were the 3 goals of the Radical Republicans?
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1. prevent Confederate leaders from holding power in the South
2. wanted the Republican Party to rise to power in the South 3. wanted the federal government to help African Americans to gain the right to vote |
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What did the moderate Republicans think about the Reconstruction plans?
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They thought Lincoln/Johnson's plan was too easy and the Radical Republican plan was too harsh
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What was the Wade-Davis Bill?
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1. required most adult white men to take an oath of allegiance to the Union
2. states had to create a new government 3. new state constitution had to abolish slavery 4. refused to pay debt acquired by the state when it was part of the Confederacy 5. former Confederate government officials or military officers could not vote or hold office |
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Who were the freedmen?
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freed African Americans
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What was the Freedmen's Bureau?
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organization established by Congress to help fredmen by providing food, clothing, shelter, education, and jobs
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Define black codes.
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Laws passed by many Southern state legislatures that prevented African Americans from having rights
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What rights did African Americans gain after Congress passed the Civil Rights Act of 1866?
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right to own property and they were treated equally in court
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Define the Fourteenth Amendment
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gave citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the US
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How did the Fourteenth Amendment affect freedmen in the South?
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Violence toward African Americans increased
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What was the Military Reconstruction Act?
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Law passed by Congress that divided the South into 5 military districts....if the state created a new constitution that allowed all adult men the right to vote, they could then elect members to Congress.
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What was the Tenure off Office Act?
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it required the Senate approval if the President fired anyone whose appointment required Senate approval
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Why did President Johnson fire Secretary of War Edwin Stanton?
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he agreed with the Radical Republican Reconstruction plan
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What happened to President Johnson after he fired Stanton?
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the House of Representatives voted to impeach Johnson
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Define impeach
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accuse a government official of wrongdoing
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Why was Johnson impeached?
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he violated the Tenure of Office Act
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What was the end result of Johnson's impeachment?
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the Senate fell one vote short of finding him guilty
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Define the Fifteenth Amendment.
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it gave black men the right to vote
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Who were the carpetbaggers?
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they were Northerners who took advantage of the South's poor economy by offering money for family heirlooms (place items in their suitcases made of carpet fabric)
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Who were scalawags?
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white Southerners who joined the Republican party; were called traitors
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Who was Joseph Rainey?
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first African American member of the US House of Representatives
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Who was Hiram Revels?
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first African American elected to the US Senate
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What was the Southern goal in the 1870s?
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Democrats wanted to regain control of local and state governments from the Republicans
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Who were the Democratic and Republican candidates for president in 1876?
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Democratic - Samuel Tilden
Republican - Rutherford B. Hayes |
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What was Rutherford B. Hayes' platform while running for president?
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he wanted to end Radical Reconstruction
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Why did Congress appoint a committee to study the results of the election of 1877?
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because there was so much election fraud, no one won the electoral college majority
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What was the Compromise of 1877?
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Southerners agreed to accept Hayes as president if Congress would end Reconstruction
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What did Hayes do as president?
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he pulled out federal troops from the South and officially ended the period of Reconstruction
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