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83 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the medical term for the "ankle joint" |
Talocrual Joint |
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What join sits below the talocrual joint? |
Subtalar Joint |
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What is the most commonly injured joint in the body? |
Talocrual Joint |
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What is the major function of the foot? |
To transmit the stress throughout the body |
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How much does the foot absorb of your body weight when joining? |
3x |
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Many bones are in the foot? |
28- Foot and ankle 2- lower leg |
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What are the three types of bones in the foot? |
Tarsals metatarsals Phalanges |
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What part of the foot represnt the larger stronger bones in the foot? |
Tarsals |
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How many Phalanges? |
14 |
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Each Joint between the phalanges are called |
Interphalangeal Joints (IP Joint) |
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What are the 2 bones under the great toe that assist in flexion |
Sesamoid bone |
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How many metatarsals? |
5 |
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Joints between phalanges and metatarsal are called |
Metatarsophalangeal Joints (MTP) |
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Joints between metatarsals and tarsals are called |
Tarsal- metatarsal Joint\ |
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Heel bone |
Calcaneus |
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What sits on top of the calcaneus? |
Talus |
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How many cunieforms do you have? |
3 |
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After your 3 cunieforms what comes next? |
Cuboid |
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Whats under the the 3 cunieforms? |
Navicular |
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What bone is medial and larger(Shin)? |
Tibia |
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Lateral and smaller bone? |
Fibula |
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Distal ends of both tibia and fibula are called |
Malleolus |
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DIP Joints |
Distal IP Joints |
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PIP Joints |
Proximal IP Joints |
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Arch that runs from the calcaneus to the metatarsal heads? |
Longitudinal |
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Arch that runs from the 5th metatarsal to the navicular |
Transverse |
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Arch that runs along the metatarsal heads |
Metatarsal |
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how many muscle groups provide support |
13 |
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What group of muscles cause the foot to evert when they contract? |
peroneal |
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What is the cause of a recurrent ankle sprain |
a tight achilles tendon |
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Achilles is attached to 2 calf muscles |
Gastrocnemius Soleus |
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Eversion and PF of the Foot |
Peroneals |
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PF the foot and Flexes knee |
Gadtrocnemeus |
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PF foot |
Soleus |
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PF Foot and Supports arch |
Tibialis Posterior |
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DF foot |
Tibialis Anterior |
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Extends toes and DF foot |
Extensor Digtorum Longus (EDL) |
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Extends big toe and DF foot |
Extensor Hallicus Longus (EHL) |
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On the lateral aspect of the ankle join there are 3 main ligament |
Anterior Talofibular (ATF) Posterior Talofibular (PTF) Calcaneofibular (CF) |
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Most common ligament affected structure in a ankle sprain |
ATF |
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Ligament that is most commonly injured on the medial aspect of the ankle |
Deltoid Ligament |
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Major source of blood supply to lower leg |
Anterior and posterior Tibial Arteries |
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Supplies innervation to the posterior lower leg and planter surface of the foot |
Tibial Nerve |
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Nerve that supplies and innervation to the anterior lower leg and dorsal surface of the foot |
Peroneal Nerve |
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How to prevent foot, ankle, and lower leg injuries |
Proper shoes braces excersies |
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Arches contribute to |
Balance Movement Support Shock absorption |
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Failure of arches |
Bones not being held in correct position |
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1st degree inversion |
Most common Mild stretching Mild pain Mild swelling Neg drawer test No ecchymosis 1-3 days Price |
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Ecchymosis |
Brushing it discolorization |
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2nd degree inversion |
Moderate pain Hear a pop Ecchymosis Positive drawer test |
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Treating 2nd degree |
X-ray PRICE 2-4 Crutches 5-7
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3rd degree inversion |
Uncommon Immediate swelling Positive drawer test All lateral ligaments are torn Requires surgery |
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3rd degree treatment |
Price 2-3 Cast Surgery Rehab |
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Eversion sprains |
Rare Pain in foot and leg No weight bearing Weakness |
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Ankle fracture |
Severe pain Swelling Splint Price X-ray Cast Rehab |
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Most common fracture in ankle joint |
Avulsion |
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Stress fracture |
Over use Most common in tibia and fibula and metatarsals X-rays will be neg Bone scan will be 100% |
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Causes of arch strain |
Bad shoes Overuse Overweight Fatigue Training on hard surfaces |
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Symptoms and signs of stress fracture |
Increase pain with activity Pain above and below Positive tuning fork test Tenderness Can develop in to a full fx |
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Treatment of stress fractures |
Ice Rest Physician referral Rarely casted No weight bearing Sometimes surgery |
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Achilles' tendon rupture |
Common in athletes over 30 Snap or pop Swelling/ pain Loss of ability to PF |
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Symptoms of Achilles' tendon rupture |
Tendon will roll up in lower leg Thompson test Surgery |
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Thompson test |
Calf squeeze |
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Tuning fork test |
Vibrations |
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Poor term used to describe any type of anterior medial lateral distal shin pain |
Shin splints |
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Shin splints could also be.. |
Inflammation of the periosteum(covering of the bone)
Strain to the soleus
Inflammation of tibial is posterior |
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Medical term or shin splints |
Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome |
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Possible causes of shin splints |
Flat feet Tight muscles Weak muscles Poor flexability or footwear |
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Treatment of arch injuries |
Ice Rest NSAIDS light stretching |
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Flat feet |
Pea Planus |
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Treatment of shin splints |
Ice/rest Taping of arches Stretching Insertion of orthotics |
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Anterior compartment syndrome |
Often mistaken as shin splints |
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Direct trauma to shin can cause what |
Hemorrhage and swelling inside compartments |
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Anterior compartment syndrome leads to |
Necrosis of muscle tissue |
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Signs and symptoms of anterior compartment syndrome |
Pain does not subside with decrease activity
Firmness Numbness of foot Inability to DF Weak pulse Pitted edema |
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Anterior compartment syndrome emergencey |
Anterior release (surgery) Misdiagnosis can lead to tissue damage
Apply ice but NO COMPRESSION |
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NSAIDS |
Non-steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug's |
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Tissue that runs from calcareous to metatarsals |
Plantar fasciitis |
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Sprain of the 1st metatarsal phalangeal joint |
Turf toe |
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PRICE |
p Rest Ice Compression Elevation |
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Most common ankle sprain |
Inversion |
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What does an inversion sprain affect |
Peroneal muscles Lateral ligaments Could fracture bones |
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How an inversion ankle sprain can occur |
Sudden lateral or medial resisting
Landing wrong
Inversion + planterflexion |
