Foot And Ankle Ii

Front 1

a. What are two types of bursitis in the foot?

Back 1

i. Retrocalcaneal bursa
ii. Subcalcaneal bursa

Front 2

b. What is the tx of bursitis?

Back 2

i. RICE
ii. NSAID
iii. PT
iv. Steroid injection
v. Excision

Front 3

a. What are the symptoms of plantar fasciitis?

Back 3

i. Pain in the plantar aspect of heel and medial longitudinal arch
ii. Inflammation in bone and soft tissue
iii. Pain worse in early AM

Front 4

b. What will a PE reveal in plantar fasciitis?

Back 4

i. Tenderness at medial calcaneal tuberosity
ii. +/- tight Achilles tendon

Front 5

c. What is the tx for plantar fasciitis?

Back 5

i. NSAIDs
ii. Heel cups
iii. Stretching
iv. Steroid injection
v. Splint/casting

Front 6

b. What can cause a bunion?

Back 6

i. Pain and swelling aggravated by shoes that are too narrow

Front 7

c. What will a PE reveal in a bunion?

Back 7

i. Pain at MP joint and great toe
ii. Sensory loss due to pressure on cutaneous nerve

Front 8

d. What is the normal hallux angle (in a bunion)?

Back 8

i. <15 degrees line down 1st metatarsal and 1st proximal phalanx

Front 9

e. What type of x-rays are useful for bunions?

Back 9

i. Standing x-rays

Front 10

f. How do you tx a bunion?

Back 10

i. Shoe modification
ii. Soft shoes
iii. Moderate to severe-- surgery

Front 11

g. When should a distal osteotomy be used to repair a bunion?

Back 11

i. If hallux valgus angle is less than 30 and IM angle is less than 14

Front 12

h. When should a proximal osteotomy be used to repair a bunion?

Back 12

i. If hallux valgus angle is greater than 30 and IM angle is greater than 14

Front 13

a. What will a standing x-ray reveal in a bunionette?

Back 13

i. Medial deviation of fifth proximal phalanx with lateral deviation of metatarsal

Front 14

c. What is the tx for a bunionette?

Back 14

i. Change footwear
ii. Corrective surgery

Front 15

a. What is hallux rigidus?

Back 15

i. DJD of first MP joint of the foot

Front 16

b. What are the symptoms of hallux rigidus?

Back 16

i. Pain and stiffness with dorsiflexion
ii. Pain with toe off during ambulation
iii. Ages 30-60

Front 17

a. What will a PE show in hallux rigidus?

Back 17

i. Decreased ROM-- especially dorsiflexion
ii. +/- dorsal bunions

Front 18

d. What is the tx of hallux ridigus?

Back 18

i. Cheilectomy
ii. Arthrodesis

Front 19

a. What is hammertoe?

Back 19

i. Deformity of lesser toe
flexion of PIP joint
iii. Passive extension of MP joint

Front 20

d. What causes hammertoe?

Back 20

i. Too tight shoes

Front 21

e. What will a PE of hammertoe reveal?

Back 21

i. Cocked up toe without weightbearing
ii. Flexion of PIP
iii. Extension of MP
iv. +/- corns/callouses

Front 22

f. How do you tx hammertoe?

Back 22

i. Surgical correction with open pinning of joint with joint arthroplasty

Front 23

g. What is an x-ray useful for in hammertoe?

Back 23

i. R/o fracture and/or dislocation/subluxation of joints

Front 24

a. What is Frieberg’s disease?

Back 24

i. AVN of 2nd metatarsal head

Front 25

a. What is the tx of Frieberg’s disease?

Back 25

i. Restrict activity
ii. Use metatarsal pad or bar
iii. Surgery rare

Front 26

a. What needs to happen to any displacement in the articulation of the ankle mortise?

Back 26

i. Needs to be reduced to anatomic position

Front 27

b. What needs to happen to any widening of the ankle mortise?

Back 27

i. Reduced to normal
ii. Stabilized with a tibiofibular syndesmotic screw

Front 28

c. What 3 views on x-ray must you get for an ankle fracture?

Back 28

i. AP
ii. Lateral
iii. Oblique

Front 29

d. How do you tx a displaced fracture?

Back 29

i. Reduce
ii. Jones splint/dressing
iii. ORIF
iv. Wait to do surgery for swelling to decrease

Front 30

a. What most commonly causes a talus fracture?

Back 30

i. AVN

Front 31

b. What causes a calcaneus fracture?

Back 31

i. Elevation or building

Front 32

c. What type of casting should you do for a calcaneal fracture?

Back 32

i. NEVER CAST due to soft tissue swelling

Front 33

d. What lab test should you always run in case of a calcaneal fracture?

Back 33

i. UA
ii. Check for hematuria due to increased chance of kidney contusion

Front 34

e. What type of imaging should you do in case of a calcaneal fracture?

Back 34

i. X-ray of lumbar spine due to increased chance of compression fracture
ii. CT to assess subtalar joint

Front 35

a. What causes a fracture of metatarsals?

Back 35

i. Compression injury on top of foot

Front 36

b. What type of metatarsal fractures do well non-operatively?

Back 36

i. Non-displaced

Front 37

c. How do you tx a fracture of the metatarsals?

Back 37

i. Walkerboot
ii. Weightbearing as tolerated at 3-4 weeks

Front 38

d. What type of fractures should you beware of in a fracture of metatarsals?

Back 38

i. Lis Franc joint
ii. Tarso-metatarsal joint

Front 39

e. How do you tx a displaced fracture of metatarsals?

Back 39

i. ORIF
ii. May decrease angulation deformity or abnormal pressure on metatarsal heads

Front 40

a. How do you tx a phalangeal fracture?

Back 40

i. Little tx
ii. Buddy taping

Front 41

b. When is a direct intervention necessary for a phalangeal fracture?

Back 41

i. Malrotation of digit

Front 42

c. When is ORIF necessary for a phalangeal fracture?

Back 42

i. Displaced or intraarticular fracture of proximal phalanx of the great toe