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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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7 bones of the foot:
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1. Talus
2. Calcaneus 3. Navicular 4. Cuneiform 5. Cuboid 6. Metatarsals of foot 7. Phalanges of foot |
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Talus articulates with:
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-Tibia (above)
-Fibula (above) -Calcaneus (below) -Navicular bone (in front of) |
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Calcaneus articulates with:
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-Talus (on top)
-Cuboid (in front of) |
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Sustentaculum Tali - what is it?
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Projection of calcaneus bone that supports the talus
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How to remember what the Sustentaculum Tali is:
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"Sustentaculum tali sustains the Talus"
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Navicular bone articulates with:
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-Head of talus (on top/behind)
-3 Cuneiforms (in front of) -Cuboid bone (side) |
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Cuboid bone articulates with:
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-Calcaneus (behind)
-Navicular (to the side) -Lateral Cuneiform -Metatarsals 4 / 5 |
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What is the weight distribution in the foot?
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50% -> Calcaneus
50% -> Metatarsals |
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What happens when you wear high heels?
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Shift so 80% of weight is on MTs
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What is Hallux Valgus?
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Lateral deviation of big toe JOINT - 1st MTP joint
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What is a Hammer toe?
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Hyperextension of the 2nd MTP joint - usually in conjunction with hallux valgus; results in pushing 2nd toe up/bent.
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What is Plantar Fasciitis?
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Stretched out, sagging arches
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What is a Bunion? Usually where?
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Extra boney growth, primarily at the 5th MTP joint.
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what is Morton's neuroma?
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Fibrosis of the nerve on the plantar portion of the foot btwn toes 3/4
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What is Tinea Pedis?
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Athlete's foot
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What is Pes Planus?
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Flat feet
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Where are there sesamoid bones in the foot?
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At the 1st metatarsal, plantar side.
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What runs between the 2 sesamoids at the Great toe?
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FLEXOR HALLUCIS LONGUS TENDON
-Bones are there to keep pressure off this tendon. |
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What is the axis of ab/adduction in the foot?
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Toe #2
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How many phalanges are in
-the big toe -the other toes? |
Big toe = 2
Other toes = 3 |
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What type of a joint is the Ankle joint? What bones form it?
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hinge and mortis; formed by Tibia, Fibula, Talus.
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Mortis means:
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3-sided
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What are the primary actions of the Ankle joint?
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Plantarflexion - pressing on gas
Dorsiflexion - easing off gas |
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Which action is true flexion?
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Plantar
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What are the 2 ligaments of the ankle joint? How are they different?
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-deltoid (medial) STRONG
-Tripartite (lateral) WEAK - so most commonly dislocated |
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What type of movement damages the medial Deltoid ligament?
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Eversion - lateral side of foot goes up, medial down - pulls apart the medial side of joint.
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What type of movement damages the lateral Tripartite ligament?
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Inversion
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What is the Transverse Tarsal joint?
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Where the talus and calcaneus articulate w/ Navicular and Cuboid bones
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What is the function of the Transverse Tarsal joint?
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It assists with Eversion and Inversion.
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Which Tarsal-Metatarsal joint is similar to a mortis joint? Why is it significant?
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2nd - this is the site of a marching fracture - common site for stress fractures.
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2 Diseases that commonly occur at the 1st MTP joint:
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-Hallux valgus
-Gout |
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What are the 2 types of Interphalangeal joints?
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PIP - proximal
DIP - distal |
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What is significant about the IP joints in the big toe?
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Only one - usually just refer to as "the ip joint of the hallux".
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What are the major arches in the foot?
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-Longitudinal (2) medial/lateral
-Transverse |
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What forms the Medial Longitudinal Arch?
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-Calcaneus
-Talus -Navicular -3 Cuneiforms -Metatarsals 1-3 |
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What forms the Lateral Longitudinal Arch?
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-Calcaneus
-Cuboid -Heads of Metatarsals 1-3 |
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Which longitudinal arch is higher?
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Medial (think of a sand footprint)
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What forms the Transverse Arch?
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-Cuboid
-3 Cuneiforms -Navicular |
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What are the ligaments of the arches? What are the ligs for?
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1. Long plantar
2. Short plantar 3. Spring ligament 4. Plantar Aponeurosis -Maintaining the arches |
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What does the Long Plantar ligament extend between?
Where is it located? |
-Calcaneus
-Proximal metatarsals Located Laterally & Superficial |
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What does the Short Plantar ligament extend between?
Where is it located? |
-Calcaneus
-Cuboid (Calcaneo-cuboid ligament) Found deep to Long Plantar Lig. |
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Where is the Spring ligament located? What is it also called?
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Found Medially - puts spring into your step!
Aka Calcaneo-navicular |
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What is the Spring ligament important for? (2 things)
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-Putting spring into your step
-Maintaining your arch. |
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What is the Plantar Aponeurosis?
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Mass of superficial fibrous tissue - extends between calcaneus and metatarsal heads.
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What condition results from wearing shoes without arches?
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Plantar fasciitis - stretching, irritation, and inflammation of the plantar aponeurosis.
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