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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the CDC definition of a foodborne disease outbreak?
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the occurrence of two or more cases of a similar illness resulting from the ingestion of a commone food
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What does the number and severity of foodborne illnesses depend on? (4)
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1) Type of microbe
2) Infectious dose 3) Processing methods to reduce infectious agents 4) Handling of food on consumer end |
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Which etiological agents cause foodborne illness the most frequently?
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1) Viruses
2) Bacteria 3) Toxins 4) Parasites |
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How are most human to human GI pathogens transmitted?
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Water
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What type of food product does Salmonella enterica infect? Campylobacter jejuni?
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Meat, milk, eggs, peanut butter
Raw milk, undercooked poultry |
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What type of food product does E. coli infect? Listeria monocytogens?
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Raw milk, undercooked beef, contaminated vegetables
Meats, soft cheeses, milk, contaminated deli meat |
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What type of parasite can you get from undercooked meat?
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Beef and pork tapeworms
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What two parasites can you get from water/vegetables? From meat or vegetables?
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Giardia and cryptosporidium
Toxoplasma gondii |
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What are three examples of viral FB illnesses? How can these also be transmitted?
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Hepatits A, Norwalk virus, rotovirus
Anthroponotic (people give to animals) |
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What are the three ways food can be toxic?
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1) Toxin is part of the food itself
2) Toxins may be preformed by microbial agents 3) Exogenous contaminants ex. heavy metals |
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What are the two general ways to increase food safety on a farm?
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1) Reduce overall pathogen burden on farm
2) Prevent the spread of pathogens from the farms |
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Where do persistent organic pollutants (POPs) accumulate?
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In the environment and the human body
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Are most household foodborne infections reported or recognized?
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no
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What pathogen type is the most common cause of foodborne illness?
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Viruses
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What type of virus is Hep A? What is the major illness? Are most cases symptomatic or asymptomatic? How does it spread?
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Picorn
Hepatitis Asymptomatic Fecal/oral route |
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What is the incubation period of Hep A? What is the duration of the illness? What are the signs?
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~28 days
2 wks-3mo Diarrhea, jaundice, flu-like symptoms |
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Where does Hep A replicate? Does it require close person to person contact?
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liver
yes |
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What non-human primates can transmit Hep A?
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Chimps, wild caught African and Asian monkeys, Panamanian owl monkeys
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What foods are associated with Hep A?
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Shellfish from contaminated water, raw products, drinking water, uncooked food
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What type of virus is Norovirus? What is the incubation period? Duration of illness?
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ssRNA, non-env group of viruses
24-48 hrs 24-60 hrs |
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What are the signs of norovirus? How is it transmitted? Specifically?
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Diarrhea, vomiting, nausea
Fecal/oral Food workers not washing their hands that are carrying virus |
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What type of foods can have norovirus? What % of FB illness can be attributable to norovirus?
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Shellfish, pre-made food (sandwiches, salads, cookies)
50% |
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In what setting has the incidence of norovirus increased? What three things increase this?
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Cruise ships
1) Low infective dose 2) Easy person to person transmission 3) Ability to survive routine cleaning procedures |
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What type of virus is rotovirus? Is it the most common cause of severe diarrhea in children?
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Non-env, double shelled
Yes |
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What is the incubation period of rotovirus? Duration? Signs? Transmission?
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1-3 days
4-8 days Vomiting and watery diarrhea Fecal/oral |
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In develop countries with poor sanitation Hep A virus infects who?
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Young children
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Compared to bacteria and parasites, viruses have what kind of incubation period? Vomiting vs. diarrhea? Duration of symptoms?
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Shorter
More vomiting than diarrhea Shorter |
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What is an infectious disease?
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Clinically evident disease resulting from the infection, presence and growth of pathological agents in an individual host organism
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What is Arthroponosis?
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opposite of zoonosis diseases that humans give to animals
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