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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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A farmer produces food for how many people?
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100 people
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Define Food Science
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food science is the multidisciplinary study of food
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What disciplines are included in food science
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chemistry
microbiology engineering psychology marketing law statistics physics, etc |
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What are the three applications of food science we discussed in class?
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The development of food products and processes
the preservation and storage of food the assurance of food safety and quality |
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Where are the four main areas that food scientists work?
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Food processing
Ingredient manufacturer/supplier other-consultant, gov't, etc academia |
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Define nutritional science:
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nutritional science deals with the effect of food and nutrients on the body.
Many nutritional science majors go on to professional schools or seek advanced degrees |
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Define dietetics:
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Dietetics deals with medical nutrition therapy, food service administration, and public health.
Dietitians are health professionals, recognized as experts on food and nutrition |
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What are the two parameters to measure quality of food?
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sensory evaluation - subjective
instrumental evaluation - objective |
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What are six things measured in food?
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Physical properties- appearance, odor, taste, texture
Not necessarily able to quantify- nutrition, safety |
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Define Instrumental (or objective) evaluation
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tests that do not rely mainly on human senses
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What are the three types of tests in sensory evaluation
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analytical
descriptive affective |
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Define Difference of discrimination test
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trained panelists used as an instrument to assess differences in color, odor, taste, texture
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Define Descriptive test
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trained panelists asked to describe sensory properties and their intensity
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Define acceptance/consumer test
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untrained panelists (consumers) used to determine degree of liking (rating), attribute ideality, or ranking
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What are the types of Difference/Discrimination test?
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paired comparison
duo-trio triangle ranking rating difference |
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What are the types of Descriptive tests?
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Attribute rating (category scaling and ratio scaling)
descriptive analysis |
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What are the types of Acceptance/consumer tests?
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paired preference
ranking rating (e.g. Hedonic 9 point scale) |
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What is the Just About Right JAR test?
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A test where consumer panelists are asked to focus on a single attribute and determine if it is at an appropriate level
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What is a paired comparison test
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two samples: are they the same or different
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What is a duo-trio test?
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3 samples one is a reference: select the sample that matches the reference
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What is a triangle test?
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3 samples: select the odd/different sample
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What type of test is this:
Your company is trying to make a product that cannot be differentiated from "Miracle whip" salad dressing |
discrimination/difference
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What type of test is this:
You need to identify the off-flavor that is coming from a specific lot of dehydrated potatoes |
Descriptive
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What type of test is this:
you want to determine how well people like dehydrated foods after long-term storage |
affective/consumer
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What instrument measures appearance?
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Colorimeter
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What instruments measure taste?
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Gas Chromatograph (GC)
High pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) Refractometer |
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What instrument measures odor?
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electric nose (GC)
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What instruments measure texture?
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viscometer
texture analyzer |
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What instruments measure nutrition
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gas chromatograph GC
high pressure liquid chromatography HPLC |
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What instruments measure safety
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Gas chromatograph
High pressure liquid chromatography pH meter water activity meter |
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Define Rheology
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science dealing with the deformation and flow of matter
viscosity- resistance to flow elasticity-ability to recover size and shape after deformation plasticity- ability to retain a shape attained by deformation |
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Define endothermic, give an example
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absorbs heat
melting ice |
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define exothermic, give an example
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releases heat
freezing ice |
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define latent heat
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heat required to affect a change in state
heat of fusion, heat of vaporization |
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define sensible heat
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change in temperature produced by heat
measured with a thermometer |
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define solvent
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substance that DISSOLVES solute
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define solute
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substance dissolved in a solvent
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define solution
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composition of solute and solvent
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define colligative properties
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properties that depend upon the number of molecules present, not upon their nature or size
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what are the four types of colligative properties?
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vapor pressure
boiling point freezing point osmotic pressure |
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define MOLAL solution
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concentration (moles) of solute per kg of solvent
weight |
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define MOLAR solution
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concentration (moles) of solute per liter of solution
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What is bound water
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cannot be removed by normal drying
no longer acts as a solvent for solutes has no appreciable vapor pressure only freezes at very low temperatures needs high pressure to be removed from tissues |
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What is water activity
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one means of determining microbial stability of some chemical reactions in food
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Define vapor pressure
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pressure that vaporized or volatile molecules produce over the surface of a liquid
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