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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Top agents for Acute Gastroenteritis
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Norwalk>S. aureus > B. cereus
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Top agents for noninflammatory diarrhea
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ETEC>Vibrio
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Top agents for inflammatory diarrhea (dysentery)
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campylobacter spp> shigella spp.
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Top agent for persistent diarrhea
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cryptosporidium>cyclospora
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Acute onset causes of diarrhea
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Staph
Bacillus cereus ETEC Ciguatera Scombroid Cholera |
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Fecal WBCs (dysentery)
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Shigella
Salmonella Campylobacter EIEC Yersinia |
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Unpasteurized milk/cheese and diarrhea
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Salmonella
campylobacter brucella (goats) listeria (processed meats) Bovine TB |
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Dysentery and High fever
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Salmonella
shigella campylobacter EIEC Yersinia |
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B. Anthracis
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Large, spore forming
Gram+ bacilli in snake like chains reservoir: livestock, cattle Cutaneous: black eschar GI: N/V, malaise, bloody diarrhea Inhalation: URI prodrome, then pn sepsis, mediastinitis Skin and GI: PCN Inhalation: Doxy, quinolones |
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B. Cereus d toxin
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Large spore fomring g+bacilli in chains
Unlike b. anthracis, hemolytic on blood agar fecal oral incubation 10-16 hours manifestation: 24-48 hours of nausea (wo vomiting) abd cramps, watery diarrhea subacute bacterial endocarditis is rare Supportive care only |
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B cereus enterotoxin
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large spore forming G+bacilli
indistinguishable from b cereus d toxin transmission fecal oral (chinese fried rice) incubation 1-6h Dx: sudden onset of severe nausea, projectile vomit, watery diarrhea |
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Brucella
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small gramp- cocco bacilli
Reservoir: infected livestock/cattle Rose bengal test for screening in cattle fecal oral transmission vehicle unpasteurized milk, cheese (Chevre-goat milk cheese) incubation 7-21 days Brucellosis: systemic illness with undulating fever, chills, sweats, bloody diarrhea treatment: rifampin and doxy for 6 weeks |
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C. Jejuni
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Undercooked poultry, unpasteurized milk
prodrome (HA, myalgias, F) Colitis 1-10d complications = GBS, arthritis dx: fecal pmns, gram stain treat: macrolides; |
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C. Botulinum
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Anaerobi spore-forming G+ bacilli
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Adult Botulism
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N/V/D
Blurred vision, diplopia, dysphagia, descending paralysis |
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Infantile Botulism
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<12 months
Lethargic, weak, poor feeding Hypotonia |
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Botulism Treatment
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trivalent antitoxi- adult
Botulism Ig and pentavalent antitoxin- Peds ?broad spectrum antibiotics |
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C. Perfringens
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Poultry, meats, gravies, chitluns
Watery diarrhea or wound infection or pneumatosis intestinalis Supportive care for diarrhea |
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E. Coli
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ETEC: 2 shiga-like toxins 1-7 days watery diarrhea
EPEC 3-6 d diarrhea with blood, leukocytes, fever EA(I)EC 7d low fever, cramps, diarrhea, blood, pus EHEC 3-10d low fever, cramp, bloody diarrhea HUS/TTP 5-10% |
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Listeria monocytogenes
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G+
Sources: unpast. milk/cheese, processed meats Clinical: Fever, myalgias, diarrhea rx: ampicillin or bactrim |
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Salmonella
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Typhoidal: fecal oral
Non-typhoidal: direct from eggs, poultry, reptile clinical Non typhoidal: 3-10 day bloody diarrhea Typhoidal: 5-day prodrome, chills, sore throat, neuropsych, lymphad, const., no diarhea, brady Rx: non typh: quinolone, tmp smx Typh: quionolone > ampicillin |
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Shigella
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Fecal oral
S Sonnei, flexneri, Boydii: cramps, watery, then bloody diarrhea, seizures in children S. Flexneri: Reiter's syndrome S. Dysenteria: shiga toxin, severe dysentery, HUS/TP rx: quinolones or bactrim |
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Staph aureus
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clinical: egg/potato/ chicken seafood sald
clinical: n/v/d after 1-6h |
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Cholera
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Gram- flagellated bacilli
source: water, shellfish clinical: 1-5 d incubation; watery diarrhea treat with quinolone or doxy |
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non cholera vibrio
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parahemolyticus: shellfish, 1 week f, n/v/d
Vulnificus: shellfish, Ulcerating cellulitus Treat all penetrating seawater injuries with quinolones |
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Yersinia
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source: undercooked pork
clnical: mimics appendicitis, f/cramps/diarrhea treat: susceptible to quinolones and macrolides |
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HEP A
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Fecal oral, berries, tomatoes
treatment supportive |
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HEP E
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source: fecal oral
high fatality in pregnant women |
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Norwalk-like virus
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source: fecal-oral, shell fish, salad
clinical: 12-60 hrs watery diarrhea, |
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Rotavirus
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Source: fecal oral, day care
Clinical: 4-5 days watery diarrhea |
