• Shuffle
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Alphabetize
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Front First
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Both Sides
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Read
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
Reading...
Front

Card Range To Study

through

image

Play button

image

Play button

image

Progress

1/24

Click to flip

Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;

Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;

H to show hint;

A reads text to speech;

24 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

How much food is lost due to spoilage?

Aprox 1/3 annually

How many people get sick annually from foodborne illness? How many are hospitalized? How many deaths?

48 million illnesses reported (1 in 6 Americans), 128,000 hospitalized, 3,000 deaths

What shape is bacilli?

Rod shaped

What shape is cocci?



Spherical

What is the term for chains of bacteria?

Strepto (ex, streptococcus)

What is the term for clusters of bacteria?

Staphlyo (ex, staphylococcus)

Name the qualities of gram positive bacteria: cell wall composition, somatic property, stain color

Peptidoglycan cell wall is highly structured. This traps both blue and red stain resulting in purple end color. Teichoic acid initiates immune


response.

Name the qualities of gram negative bacteria: cell wall composition, somatic property, stain color

Lipopolysaccharide outer membrane does not trap blue stain. This results in pink end color. O antigen initiates immune response.

Name the different somatic antigens. Where are they found?

Somatic antigens are found on the surface of bacteria. They are O, H (either polar or


peritrichous flagellum), K (capsular, not common)

Name the stages of the microbial growth curve

Lag phase, log phase (growth), stationary phase, death phase

What happens during the lag phase of the


microbial growth curve?

Cells adjust to the environment and rebuild/strengthen

What happens during the log or growth phase of the microbial growth curve?

Cells exponentially multiply in numbers.

What happens during the stationary phase of the microbial growth curve?

There is equal growth and death in population. Conditions become less favorable.

What happens during the death phase of the


microbial growth curve?

The population dies due to depletion of


nutrients in the environment

Which phase of the microbial growth curve is


important to control with respect to food safety?

The lag phase

Name the intrinsic factors of a food ecosystem

pH, water activity, nutrition content of the food itself

Name the extrinsic factors of a food ecosystem

Temperature, relative humidity, gas atmosphere external to the food


What is a psychrophile?

Bacteria (extremophilic) that love cold temps, <15 degrees C, cannot grow at 30 degrees C

What is a psychrotroph?

Bacteria that survive/tolerate cold temps,


20 degrees C, can grow at 30 degrees C

What is a mesophile?

Bacteria that love medium temps,


20-45 degrees C, includes body temp (37C)

What is a thermophile?

Bacteria that love hot temps, 60 degrees C

What is hurdle technology?

Combining methods of controlling intrinsic and/or extrinsic factors for addition safety. The levels can be reduced when combining. ex, higher pH and water activity than using each alone.

What is the general cut off of water activity when controlling microbial growth?

0.85