Food And Digestion

Front 1

nutrient

Back 1

substances in the food that provide the raw materials and energy the body needs to carry out all its essential processes

Front 2

calorie

Back 2

the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of one gram of water by one degree Celsius

Front 3

carbohydrate

Back 3

an energy-rich organic compound made of the elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

Front 4

glucose

Back 4

a sugar that is the major source of energy for the body's cells

Front 5

fat

Back 5

energy containing nutrients that are composed of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen

Front 6

protein

Back 6

large organic molecule made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and sometimes sulfur

Front 7

amino acid

Back 7

a small molecule that is linked chemically to other amino acids to form proteins

Front 8

vitamin

Back 8

molecules that act as helpers in a variety of chemical reactions within the body

Front 9

mineral

Back 9

nutrients that are needed by the body in small amounts and are not made by living things

Front 10

food guide pyramid

Back 10

a diagram that classifies foods into six groups to help people plan a healthy diet

Front 11

percent daily value

Back 11

a value that shows how the nutritional content of one serving of food fits into the diet of a person who consumes 2,000 calories per day

Front 12

dietary reference intake

Back 12

guidelines for the amounts of nutrients needed daily.

Front 13

digestion

Back 13

the process by which the body breaks down food into small nutrient molecules

Front 14

absorption

Back 14

the process by which nutrients pass from the digestive system into the blood

Front 15

saliva

Back 15

the fluid released when the mouth waters that plays an important role in both mechanical and chemical digestion

Front 16

enzyme

Back 16

a protein that speeds up the chemical reactions in a living thing

Front 17

epiglottis

Back 17

a flap of tissue that seals of the windpipe and prevents food from entering

Front 18

esophagus

Back 18

a muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach

Front 19

mucus

Back 19

a thick slippery substance produced by the body

Front 20

peristalsis

Back 20

involuntary waves of contraction that keep moving along in one direction

Front 21

stomach

Back 21

a J-shaped muscular pouch located in the abdomen

Front 22

small intestine

Back 22

the inner framework made of all the bones of the body

Front 23

liver

Back 23

the body's largest organ, it produces bile, breaks down medicines, and helps eliminate nitrogen from the body

Front 24

bile

Back 24

a substance produced by the liver that breaks up fat particles

Front 25

gallbladder

Back 25

the organ that stores bile after it is produced by the liver

Front 26

pancreas

Back 26

a triangular organ that lies between the stomach and the small intestine

Front 27

villus

Back 27

tiny finger shaped structures that cover the inner surface of the small intestine and provide a large surface area through which digested food is absorbed

Front 28

large intestion

Back 28

the last section of the digestive system where water is absorbed into the blood an the remaining material is eliminated from the body

Front 29

rectum

Back 29

the end of the large intestine where waste material is compressed into a solid form before being eliminated

Front 30

anus

Back 30

the muscular opening at eh end of the rectum through which waste material is eliminnated from the body