Folds, Faults, And Mountains

Front 1

anticline

Back 1

A convex fold in rock, the central part of which contains the oldest section of rock.

Front 2

basin

Back 2

A round or oval sepression in the Earth's surface, containing the youngest section of rock in its lowest, central part.

Front 3

brittle failure

Back 3

The rupture of cool, near-surface rocks, caused by relatively low stress.

Front 4

compression

Back 4

Stress that reduces the column or length of a rock as that produced by the conergence of plate margins.

Front 5

dome

Back 5

A round or oval bulge on the Earth's surface, containing the oldest ssection of rock in its raised, central part.

Front 6

elastic deformation

Back 6

A temporary stress-induced change in the chape or volume of a rock, after which the rock returns to its original shape and volume.

Front 7

elastic limit / yield point

Back 7

The maximum stress that a given rock can withstand without becoming permanently deformed.

Front 8

fault-block mountains

Back 8

A mountain containing tall horsts interspersed with much lower grabend and bounded on at least one side by a high-angle normal fault.

Front 9

fold and thrust mountains

Back 9

Mountains that have been created by the compression of convergent plates.

Front 10

joints

Back 10

A fracture dividing a rock into two sections that have not visibly moved relative to each other.

Front 11

marine terrace

Back 11

Formed at sea level these structures are created when surf crashes into the strata shaping its edge or terrace. Over time the land uplifts and the cycle is repeated.

Front 12

normal fault

Back 12

A dip-slip fault marked by a generally steep dip along wich the hanging wall has moved downward relative to the footwall.

Front 13

plastic deformation

Back 13

A permanent strain of rock that entails no rupture.

Front 14

reverse fault

Back 14

A dip-slip fault marked by a hanging wall that has moved upward relative to the footwall.

Front 15

shearing stress

Back 15

Stress that sliced rocks into parallel blocks that slide in opposite directions along their adjacent sides.

Front 16

strain

Back 16

The change in the shape or volume of a rock that results in stress.

Front 17

stress

Back 17

The force acting on a rock or another solid to deform it, measured in kilograms / sq cm or lbs / sq in

Front 18

strike-slip or transform faults

Back 18

A fault in which two sections of rock have moved horizontally in opposite directions, parallel to the line of the fracture that divided them. Shearing stress

Front 19

syncline

Back 19

A concave fold, the central part of which contains the youngest section of rock.

Front 20

tension

Back 20

Stress that stretched or extends rocks, so that they become thinner vertically and longer laterally. Tension may be caused by divergence or rifting.

Front 21

thrust fault

Back 21

A reverse fault marked by a 45 degree dip or less.

Front 22

upwarped mountains

Back 22

A mountain consisting of a broad area of the Earth's crust that has moved gently upward without much apparent deformation, and usually containing sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic rocks.